• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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• 2012.05a
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• pp.726-728
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• 2012

In this paper, the threshold voltage characteristics have been analyzed by varying the channel thicknesses of Double Gate MOSFET. The channel thickness, as well as determining the size of the device which hardly affects SCE(Short Channel Effects), therefore the channel thicknesses is a very important parameter in the IC(Integrated circuit) design. In this study, using series charge distribution to analyze the threshold voltage on the channel thickness. Consequently, the threshold voltage decreases with increasing a channel thickness.

• Journal of Korea Society of Digital Industry and Information Management
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.9-16
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• 2018

This study described partial discharge(PD) distribution analysis between the XLPE(Cross-Linked PolyEthylene)and EPDM(Ethylene Propylene Diene Monomer) interface with unsupervised classification. The ${\phi}-q-n$ patterns were analyzed using phase resolved partial discharge(PRPD). K-means cluster analysis forms a cluster based on similarities and distances among scattered individuals, and analyzes the characteristics of the formed clusters, dividing the multivariate data into several groups according to the similarity of each characteristic, Is a statistical analysis that makes it easier to navigate. It was confirmed that the phase angle of the cluster with the maximum discharge charge was concentrated around $0^{\circ}$ and $180^{\circ}$ at 30 kV after the initial phase distribution localized around $90^{\circ}$ and $300^{\circ}$ expanded to the whole phase angle according to the voltage rise. The Euclidean distance between the center of gravity and the discharge charge in the ${\Phi}-q$ cluster increased with increasing applied voltage.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.26 no.5
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• pp.740-746
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• 2005

In this article, we report the tandem mass spectrometry investigations for the electron capture efficiencies of the protons belonging to the different locations (generations) in a poly(propylene imine) dendrimer with three layers of a repeat unit (named as the third generation dendrimer). The employed tandem mass spectrometry methods include SORI-CAD (sustained off-resonance irradiation collisional activation dissociation) and ECD(electron capture dissociation) mass spectrometry. We obtained SORI-CAD spectra for the dendrimer ions in the different charge states, ranging from 2+ to 4+. The analysis of fragmentation sites provides the information as to where the protons are distributed among various generations of the dendrimer. Based upon this, a new strategy to study the electron capture efficiencies of the protons is utilized to examine a new type of triplycharged ions by SORI-CAD, i.e., the 3+ ions generated from the charge reduction of the native 4+ ions by ECD: (M+4H)$^{4+}\;+\;e^-\;{\rightarrow}$ (M+4H)$^{3+\bullet}$ ${\rightarrow}\;({H^{\bullet}}_{ejected}$) + (M+3H)$^{3+}\;\rightarrow$ CAD. Interestingly, comparison of these four SORICAD spectra indicates that the proton distribution in the charge-reduced 3+ ions is very close to that in the native 4+ ions. It further suggests that in this synthetic polymer ($\sim$1.7 kDa) with an artificial architecture, the electron capture efficiencies of the protons are actually insensitive to where they are located in the molecule. This is somewhat contradictory to common expectations that the protons in the inner generations may not be well exposed to the incoming electron irradiation as much as the outer ones are, thus may be less efficient for electron capture. This finding may carry some implications for the case of medium sized peptide ions with similar masses, which are known to show no obvious site-specific fragmentations in ECD MS.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.18 no.8
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• pp.113-125
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• 2020

Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to investigate the effect of interaction between product category (fresh vs. indulgent product) and shopping options (shipping charge and delivery time) on customer satisfaction and purchase intent in an e-commerce context. When ordering groceries online, consumers begin to allocate a larger share of their grocery budget toward product categories that generally contain healthier items at the expense of product categories that generally contain more indulgent products. Moreover, customers are extremely sensitive to shipping options such as shipping charges and delivery time. Therefore, this research investigates the issue at a more segmented level to focus on the impact that one dimension of logistics service quality - product category, shipping charge, and delivery time have on customer satisfaction and purchase intent. Research design, data, and methodology: To test the theoretically derived priori hypotheses concerning product category, shipping charges, delivery time, satisfaction, and purchase intent, this research presented a scenario-based experiment. Eight treatment groups were assigned by the method of product category (fresh produce vs. indulgent product), shipping charge (free vs. paid), and delivery time (one-day vs. two to three days). A total of 240 subjects were divided into groups and exposed to one of the eight scenarios. Participant's purchase intention was the dependent variable, and ANOVA and L-matrix were used to analyze for main and interactive effects between factors. Conclusions: Results indicated that in tests 1 and 2, free shipping and fast delivery time increased consumer satisfaction as well as purchase intent, and fast delivery moderated the impact of free shipping on consumer satisfaction and purchase intent. Test 3 showed that the effect of free shipping on consumer satisfaction and purchase intent moderated by fast delivery for indulgent products. In contrast, fast delivery for fresh products moderated the effect of paid shipping on consumer satisfaction and purchase intent. Consistent with this proposed mechanism, the relative importance of fresh produce versus indulgent products highlights the effect of shipping options on consumer satisfaction and purchase intent when ordering the target product in an e-commerce context. We conclude with a discussion of the theoretical and practical implications of our findings.

• Transactions on Electrical and Electronic Materials
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.42-47
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• 2010

Polymer insulating materials such as cross linked polyethylene (XLPE) are employed in electric cables used for extra high voltage. These materials can degrade due to chemical, mechanical and electric stress, possibly caused by voids, the presence of extrinsic materials and protrusions. Therefore, this study measured discharge patterns, discharge phase angle, quantity and occurrence frequency as well as changes in XLPE under different temperatures and applied voltages. To quantitatively analyze the irregular partial discharge patterns measured, the discharge patterns were examined using a statistical program. A three layer sample was fabricated, wherein the upper and lower layers were composed of non-void XLPE, while the middle layer was composed of an air void and copper particles. After heating to room temperature and $50^{\circ}C$ and $80^{\circ}C$ in silicone oil, partial discharge characteristics were studied by increasing the voltage from the inception voltage to the breakdown voltage. Partial discharge statistical analysis showed that when the K-means clustering was carried out at 9 kV to determine the void discharge characteristics, the amount discharged at low temperatures was small but when the temperature was increased to $80^{\circ}C$, the discharge amount increased to be 5.7 times more than that at room temperature because electric charge injection became easier. An analysis of the kurtosis and the skewness confirmed that positive and negative polarity had counterclockwise and clockwise clustering distribution, respectively. When 5 kV was applied to copper particles, the K-means was conducted as the temperature changed from $50^{\circ}C$ to $80^{\circ}C$. The amount of charge at a positive polarity increased 20.3% and the amount of charge at a negative polarity increased 54.9%. The clustering distribution of a positive polarity and negative polarity showed a straight line in the kurtosis and skewness analyses.

• Transactions on Electrical and Electronic Materials
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.130-134
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• 2015

This research proposes the use of a composition modulated (ZrO₂)_x(Al₂O₃)_1-x film as a charge trapping layer for charge trap flash memory; this is possible when the Zr (Al) atomic percent is controlled to form a variable bandgap as identified by the valence band offsets and electron energy loss spectrum measurements. Compared to memory devices with uniform compositional (ZrO₂)_0.1(Al₂O₃)_0.9 or a (ZrO₂)_0.92(Al₂O₃)_0.08 trapping layer, the memory device using the composition modulated (ZrO₂)_x(Al₂O₃)_1-x as the charge trapping layer exhibits a larger memory window (6.0 V) at the gate sweeping voltage of ±8 V, improved data retention, and significantly faster program/erase speed. Improvements of the memory characteristics are attributed to the special energy band alignments resulting from non-uniform distribution of elemental composition. These results indicate that the composition modulated (ZrO₂)_x(Al₂O₃)_1-x film is a promising candidate for future nonvolatile memory device applications.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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• 2006.05a
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• pp.1051-1054
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• 2006

Lots of information such as prescription transmitted to the drug store by the result of separation of medical activity from medicine one, EDI for billing medical charge to Health Care Public Cooperation and the returned opinion letter sent to doctor etc is scattered in the Web document made from XML. Especially information containing medical treatment charge is one of the materials that are revised frequently. It is the current situation that document is transmitted or form is made for distribution whenever this kinds of revision is occurred. In this thesis, DTD design and implementation for the information system regarding the rate of medical charge is studied based on XML which is used to calculate charges for the several activities including consulting and prescribing. Patient or patron as well as doctor, pharmacist and nurse are all interested in the information regarding the rate of medical charge. It aims everybody to easily obtain information about the rate of medical charge by querying it anytime, anywhere.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Illuminating and Electrical Installation Engineers
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.37-46
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• 2015

In order to charge EVs, they have to be connected to distribution system. Therefore, if unprecedented numbers of EVs are connected to power systems, it could result in deterioration of power quality, overload, and other system problems. In this paper, the effects of voltage sag on the distribution system due to the connection of EVs is evaluated by considering related field data of Republic of Korea such as the number of gasoline-fueled vehicles, seasonal load of power system and the monthly and daily real-time traffic volume. The distribution system and EVs are modeled using the Electro Magnetic Transients Program (EMTP).

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 2008.11a
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• pp.103-106
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• 2008

OPNW, which takes charge of the outer neutral wire role and the inner optical network role, was developed at the first time among nation and substituted the neutral wire of distribution line between electric power substation and neighboring station. This paper refers to results about its optical character measured periodically, and examines closely whether the unique matter will be occurred or not about the role of neutral wire during more than one year. Also, established OPNW became a new chance to distribution facility's working by establishing remote portrait supervisory system and doing remote supervisory about essential equipment of distribution line.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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• 2003.05a
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• pp.813-816
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• 2003

The dielectric breakdown of epoxy composites used for transformers was experimented and then its data were applied to Weibull distribution probability. First of all, speaking of dielectric breakdown properties, the more hardener increased, the stronger breakdown strength became at low temperature because of cross-linked density by the virtue of ester radical. The breakdown strength of specimens with filler was lower than it of non-filler specimens because it is believed that the adding filler forms interface and charge is accumulated in it, therefore the molecular motility is raised and the electric field is concentrated. In the case of filled specimens with treating silane, the breakdown strength become much higher. Finally, according to Weibull distribution analysis, reducing breakdown probability of equipment insulation lower than 0.1 % level requires the allowable field intensity values to be kept under 21.5 MV/cm.