• Journal of applied mathematics & informatics
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• v.40 no.1_2
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• pp.317-325
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• 2022

The concept of hom-set in an implicative algebra as an implicative algebra is introduced. The idea of sub implicative algebra in hom-set, 1-commutative algebra of hom-set are investigated. Different characterization theorems are proved.

• Journal of applied mathematics & informatics
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• v.41 no.4
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• pp.831-838
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• 2023

In this paper, we define the concept of a semisimple injective comodule. We show that it is a generalization of some known comodules, and we give a useful characterization of this notion. Finally, we obtain a new characterization of simple semiartinian coring using semisimple injective comodules.

• Journal of applied mathematics & informatics
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• v.41 no.5
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• pp.1047-1056
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• 2023

This article studies some moments characteristics of generalized order statistics for transmuted power hazard distribution. It unifies the earlier results considered by several authors. The characterization results are also outlined at the end.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea SP
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• v.45 no.2
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• pp.65-73
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• 2008

The characterization process for the accurate color reproduction in mobile phone with camera and LCD is popular. The camera and LCD characterization, gamut mapping process is necessary to map the camera's input color stimulus, CIEXYZ value, into the LCD's output color stimulus. Each characterization is the process estimating the relation between input and output signals. In case of LCD, because of output device, the output color stimulus for the arbitrary input signal can be measured by spectro-radiometer However, in the camera, as the input device, the characterization is an inaccurate and needs the manual works in the process obtaining the output signal because the input signal can not be generated. Moreover, after gamut mapping process, the noise is increased because the optimized gamma tone curve of camera for the noise is distorted by the characterization. Thus, this paper proposed the system of obtaining the output signal of camera and the method of gamma correction for the noise. The camera's output signal is obtained by RGB values of patches from captured the color chart image. However, besides the illumination, the error for the location of the chart in the viewfinder is generated when many camera modules are captured the chart. The method of correcting the position to correct the error from manual works. The position of camera is estimated by captured image. This process and moving of camera is accomplished repeatedly, and the optimized position can be obtained. Moreover, the lightness curve of camera output is corrected partly to reduce the noise from the characterization process.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea SP
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• v.42 no.5 s.305
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• pp.85-94
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• 2005

Display characterization, deriving the relationship between digital input values and the corresponding CIEXYZ tri-stimulus values, is important to reproduce the accurate color in color management system. The relationship can be estimated from the nine channel TRCs(tone response curves) and the result of this characterization method is better than that of using three channel TRCs. However, the inverse display characterization using nine channel TRCs cannot be directly inverted because the CIEXYZ values corresponding to each of RGB values are inseparable. Accordingly, inverse display characterization is usually implemented by the 3D-LUT (look-up table) method. Although the result of 3B-LUT is accurate, creating the 3D-LUT requires a lot of memory space and considerable amount of measurements. Therefore the inverse characterization method is proposed based on the modeling of channel-dependent values and nine channel inverse process based on the GOG(gain, offset gamma) model. The proposed method enhances the accuracy of display characterization and reduces the complexity and the number of measurements data required for accuracy in 3-D LUT.

• Advances in environmental research
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.215-232
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• 2020

Crude oils are essential source of energy. It is majorly found in geographical locations beneath the earth's surface and crude oil is the main factor for the economic developments in the world. Natural crude oil contains unrefined petroleum composed of hydrocarbons of various molecular weights and it contains other organic materials like aromatic compounds, sulphur compounds, and many other organic compounds. These hydrocarbons are rapidly getting degraded by biosurfactant producing microorganisms. The present study deals with the isolation, purification, and characterization of biosurfactant producing microorganism from oil-contaminated soil. The ability of the microorganism producing biosurfactant was investigated by well diffusion method, drop collapse test, emulsification test, oil displacement activity, and blue agar plate method. The isolate obtained from the oil contaminated soil was identified as Bacillus subtilis. The identification was done by microscopic examinations and further characterization was done by Biochemical tests and 16SrRNA gene sequencing. Purification of the biosurfactant was performed by simple liquid-liquid extraction, and characterization of extracted biosurfactants was done using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The degradation of crude oil upon treatment with the partially purified biosurfactant was analyzed by FTIR spectroscopy and Gas-chromatography mass spectroscopy (GC-MS).

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics and Information Engineers
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• v.50 no.4
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• pp.73-80
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• 2013

In this paper, an experimental circuit model for an accurate high-frequency characterization of transmission line is proposed. Inherent resonance effects during measurements make it difficult to determine characteristic impedance and propagation constant at the resonance frequencies corresponding to the line length. Thus, resonance-effect-free transmission line parameter determination technique based on the physical insight and theory is proposed. Then, by using the parameters high-frequency circuit model is proposed for high-speed signal propagation characterization. The proposed frequency-variant transmission line model is verified with measurement and it can be usefully exploited in high-speed signal propagation characterization.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.41 no.4
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• pp.309-314
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• 2014

A total of 67 watermelon accessions which include 37 accessions from Korean and 27 accessions from Turkish germplasm and 3 accessions of other related species from USA were investigated for morphological characteristics. The UPOV descriptor list for 56 characters (6 seedlings, 4 plants, 11 leaves, 5 flowers, 23 fruits and 7 seeds) was used in characterization. In addition, eight quantitative characters, hypocotyl length, cotyledon width, cotyledon length, fruit weight, fruit length, fruit width, thickness of outer layer of pericarp and soluble solid content were also measured. The 56 qualitatively scored characters were analyzed by principle coordinate analysis (PCoA) while the eight quantitative ones were subjected to principle component analysis (PCA). Morphological characterization result demonstrated that the accessions displayed high morphological diversity(how much percent?). A high level of phenotypic diversity was observed from the results of morphological characterization. However, plant growth habit and leaf blade flecking showed constant characters for all of the accessions. The Korean and Turkish watermelon genotypes are diverse groups and can be separated by both multivariate analysis of morphological characters although the grouping was more apparent in PCoS results.

• Transactions of Materials Processing
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.374-383
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• 1999

To determine the flow stress of semi-solid materials, a new combined method has been studied by experimental and analytic technique in the current approach. Using backward extrusion experiment and its numerical analysis, the characterization scheme of semi-solid materials according to the change of initial solid volume fraction has been proposed. Because that solid volume fraction is sensitive to temperature change, it is required to precisely control the temperature setting. Model materials can guarantee the establishment of material characterization technique from the noise due to temperature change. Thus, clay mixed with bonded abrasives was used for experiment and the change of initial solid fraction was copied out through the variation of mixing ratio. Upper bound method was adapted to increase in efficiency of the calculation in numerical analysis and new kinematically admissible velocity field was employed to improve the accuracy of numerical solution. It is thought that the material characterization scheme proposed in this study can be applied to not only semi-solid materials, but also other materials that is difficult to obtain the simple stress state.

• Journal of fish pathology
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.51-59
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• 2003

Streptococcal infection is one of the most serious disease of cultured olive flounder, Paralychthys olivaceus in Korea and caused by more than one species. However, there has been considerable confusions about the taxonomic position of the fish pathogenic streptococci. In this study, We performed the randomly amplified polymorphic DNA(RAPD) pattern analysis to evaluate the possible classification in 8 streptococci isolated from diseased olive flounder and reference strains based on their DNA structure. RAPD PCR with DNA solution prepared by simple boiling and 10-mer random primer was appeared to be a good tool for discrimination of different streptococcal strains. Phenotypical characters by simple biological test and API 20 Strep corresponded well to the specific profiles of RAPD in streptococcal isolates of this study. Therefore, the RAPD profile was considered as one of differential characters to discriminate the streptococcal isolates from diseased olive flounder.