• Proceeding of Spring/Autumn Annual Conference of KHA
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• 2011.04a
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• pp.153-158
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• 2011

According to the change of life environment and economic growth, the more city has highly developed, the more concentrated urban function. That is, city is required for adding infra structure. But, both of limited land resources and financial problems made it impossible to add infra structure. So, the necessity of multi-dimensional planning of urban infra structure was recognized. Especially, In Urban residential area, in order to secure parking area, It is on the increase that mixed-use of the playground of school in the high density area and the empty space of park. School and park is closely connected with town community, playing a central role on town life. For this reason, they are highly demanded for providing space in the urban residential area and also expected to be effective. However, people using park and school are almost young students and the elderly, it needs to consider not only the parking convenience also the safety of users in design process. In this study, we analysed the physical characteristics and the utilization of mixed-use of school and park. and then evaluated the case in the point of convenience and safety. For this, first we selected the case among the sites constructed in seoul, and divided 2type of 'slope type' and 'flatland type'. The meaning of this study is to suggest elementary standards for design in the point of multi-dimensional land use planning.

• Journal of the Korean housing association
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• v.22 no.5
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• pp.1-12
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• 2011

According to the change of the life environment and economic growth, the more highly a city has developed, the more concentrated is the urban function. That is, a city is required for adding more infrastructure. But, both limited land resources and financial problems made it impossible to add infrastructure. So, the necessity of multi-dimensional planning of urban infrastructure was recognized. Especially, in the urban residential area, a mixed-use of the playground of a school and the empty space of a park is desired to serve the issue of insufficient parking spaces. Schools and parks are closely connected to the center of a town, and playing a central role for the town life. For this reason, they are highly demanded in urban residential areas and also expected to be effective. However, we need to consider not only parking convenience but also the safety of users in design process, because people using parks and schools include young students and the elderly. In this study, we mainly examined physical characteristics and the utilization of schools and parks with parking facilities in urban residential areas. Then, we analyzed cases through comparing and evaluating in terms of convenience and safety. and weighed up advantages and disadvantages of each through the comparison of the schools and the parks having parking facilities. The results of this study are expected to provide fundamental references for preparing design standards for such facilities.

• The Journal of Korean Society for School & Community Health Education
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.103-116
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• 2011

Objective: The study analyzed degrees of participation in physical activities, demographic and sociological characteristics of middle and high school students, and the relations to mental health related factors, based on "Korea youth risk behavior web-based survey." Therefore, the study can be used as preliminary data for establishing mental health promotion plans for youth and setting contents and directions of health education. Methods: The study analyzed the data, collecting from 75,066 middle and high school students, regarding their demographic and sociological characteristics, mental health, and relations to physical activities by using SPSS Win 15.0. Results: 19.1% of the students answered they had seriously contemplated suicide during the past 12 months, and 43.2% said they are usually under enormous pressure. 55.3% answered that academic achievements and the pressure from future paths are major factors of their stress. The students showed noteworthy differences in whether they think about suicide depending on whether the students live with their father or mother. The study found that the students whose parents' levels of education are low, or their academic records are low, or economic conditions are poor are more likely to think about suicide. The students tend to think more about killing themselves if they spend more time sitting to study than being engaged in physical activities, or spend little time walking. And they are more likely to think about committing suicide if they spend little time exercising, or are not engaged in physical activities on the playground or a gym in PE classes.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Educational Facilities
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.13-24
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• 2018

Planning and designing training facilities has been developed from educational facilities, and increasingly diversified society has raised a need for facilities dedicated to training and education in a differentiated space separate from the one for regular works. This particular need of our times has led to the expansion of training facilities nationwide although they have something to be desired when it comes to planning and designing with sustainability associated with the locational characteristics of urban space as well as the unique types of facilities taken into account. Against this backdrop, this study will examined a variety of training facilities that have been established since 2000 through theoretical review and conduct intensive analysis on the characteristics of the planning aspects to suggest their significance and implications and to present the overall meanings and ramifications of planning approaches in consideration of new challenges modern training facilities are faced with, which have been revealed through architectural design competitions in recent years. The relevant implications are as follows. First, one of the locational advantages of training facilities, which is commanding beautiful scenery of the surrounding area, can be considered as intent to stress the aspect of a resort, one of the functions of any training facilities. As this study has demonstrated, many training facilities are located near around a beach or a lake. Second, training facilities can be classified into three different types in terms of their location: urban, suburban and resort and such locational characteristics are directly related to intended programs and differentiated links with target users. Third, the architectural styles of training institutes are differentiated in terms of harmonious arrangement between beautiful natural scenery and buildings in consideration of the layout characteristics of major facilities and the distance of ramps in and out of the facilities along with architectural features, including the transparency of building elevation and the type of slopes of roof structure. Fourth, the individual lodging buildings feature a variety of types depending on the design concept with different roles depending on the directional aspects such as the connection of ramps and the relations with the outside. Fifth, outdoor space plans are differentiated according to the intended purpose of training facilities. When it comes to gym facilities, for example, different outdoor space plans are found to be made depending on the original design concept such as outdoor playground-centered planning or golf facilities.

• Journal of Trauma and Injury
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.1-7
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• 2006

Purpose: Injury is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality for children. As an injury prevention measure, the differences in external causes of severe pediatric injuries based on ICECI were analyzed according to age groups. Methods: A retrospective study was performed for pediatric patients under 15 years of age, who had been admitted to the emergency department with severe injuries from January 1998 to December 2004. The external causes of injury were investigated according to the ICECI: intent, mechanisms, places of occurrence, objects/substances producing injury, and related activities. The patients were divided into four groups based on age: infant (<0 year), toddler (1~4 years), preschool age (5~8 years), and school age (9~15 years). Results: The injury mechanisms, the places of occurrence and the related objects/substances vary with the age groups. The most common subtype of traffic accidents was pedestrian injury in pre-school age group. Falls most frequently occurred in the toddler group. But falls from a height of less than l meter height (6 patients) occurred only in the infant group. The most common place of occurrence in the infant group was the home, and that of other groups was the road. The related objects/substances for falls, for example, household furnitures and playground equipment depended on the age group. Conclusion: The age-group specific characteristics of severe pediatric injury were analyzed successfully through the ICECI. Therefore, when establishing a plan for the prevention of pediatric injury, consideration must be given to the differences in the external causes of injuries according to age group.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.70-81
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• 2016

Nowadays the preschool children spend much of the day playing indoors. Therefore, it needs the indoor environment that helps a variety of fun activities and physical development, and it requires the space configuration and playable furniture considering the emotional development for mental health. However, the furniture for fast growing preschoolers has not various types because the domestic furniture market for children is mostly baby beds and the furniture for the education of children. Therefore, this study presents the concepts and types of the playable furniture reflecting emotional design for preschool children's healthy emotion and suggests the most appropriate type of playable furniture considering play behavior by age. In this study, we investigated the physical, cognitive, social, emotional and linguistic development characteristics and play behavior of preschoolers, and derived the right type of playground equipment and furniture, and examined the types of playable furniture to help the emotional development. We derived the items to be checked for developing the playable furniture by age for emotional development, and classified preschoolers' playable furniture into the use of learning, relaxation and storage, and suggested its basic type focusing on the cases of various playable furniture developed at home and abroad. As a result, the playable furniture was divided into three types. The first is the self-play type making possible self amusement, the second is module built-up-type that consists of furniture and modules or units and creates various patterns and can be modified through the self-assembly and disassembly, and the third is IT game type grafting IT skills and a variety of electronic games to furniture. We sorted these types into three classes (1-3 years old, 4-5, 6-7) according to age and presented the type of play for each age, the play element and representative image that can be introduced to this furniture. In this study, we provided the basic design types of age-specific emotional playable furniture by analyzing these results.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.11 no.12
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• pp.2233-2240
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• 2007

This paper presents the measured path loss exponents and standard deviations using measured data at 60GHz to analyze the propagation characteristics of millimeter wave bands having great demand for picocellular communications. In addition the angle of arrival(AOA) were measured to analyze the arrival direction of muitipath waves affecting the received signal strength. As results of analysis, the pathloss exponents in each environment are found to be lower than 2 for free space pathloss exponent. They were determined with the qualities of bottom materials affecting signal strength. The angles of arrival by multipath waves were different with the circumference structures between transmitter and receiver. That is, the multipath waves excluding direct and ground reflected wave were difficult to find in wide space such a gymnasium and playground, however the wall multipath waves were found to arrive at receiver in the corridor. The multipath waves at 60GHz can be known to hardly affect to the received signal strength because of weak signals compared with direct wave.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.33 no.5
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• pp.2147-2156
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• 2013

This study aims to analyze the evaluation of the residential environment on the permanent rental housing in Busan. The Permanent Rental Housing policy is one of the special measures which contribute to getting the low-income urban dwellers settled in places of their own. Unfortunately the government has focused on expanding the quantity of housing even though housing doesn't mean just a physical object but the foundation of life. So the occupants who answered the survey lived in the permanent rental housing which were constructed by Busan Metropolitan Corporation. The purpose of the study is to give suggestions which can make up for dissatisfaction and apply preference of occupants based on the results of the research. The result of this study is in following; there were few significant managerial variables determinants of residential satisfaction. And significant variables are; position of rooms and bathroom facilities in internal building characteristics, color of apartment and playground in exterior building characteristics, commuting distance and viewshaft in locational characteristics. Therefore, the government needs to use cutting edge housing technologies aimed at improvement of residential environment and achievement of affordable expense simultaneously.

• The Journal of Korean Society for School & Community Health Education
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• v.1 no.2
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• pp.105-125
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• 2000

The purpose of this study was to examine the influence of school safety accident on teacher's normal educational activities and to seek some desirable ways to cope with it. The subjects in this study were 351 class teachers randomly selected from Seoul and Kyonggi Province and surveyed from April through July, 2000. The conclusions were as follows; 1. Actual Condition of School Safety Accident 1) Approximately many teachers investigated had had an experience to suffer safety accident. Safety accident occurred most during break or class, but there was a significant difference according to service area. 2) Safety accident took place most in playground, and the most common cause was student's own carelessness, and the most widely occurred accident type was an injury. But there was no significant difference caused by the general characteristics of the teachers. 2. Influence of Safety Accident On Teacher's Educational Activities. 1) The largest reason they offered safety education was to ensure student safety. The greatest number of them had an opinion they would consider changing or giving up a planned normal educational activity if they recognized any possibilities of safety accident. There was a significant difference in this point according to gender and career. 2) They worried about possible safety accident most during field study, but there was a significant difference according to gender or presence or absence of safety accident experience. 3) The general characteristics of teacher produced a significant difference to an experience of avoiding educational activity due to psychological withdrawal, but safety accident experience didn't make any difference. 3. Minimization of Teacher Damage or Loss from Safety Accident. 1) The dominant opinion about teacher's small mistake for any occurrence of safety accident was that the responsibility should be escaped to maintain teacher's authority. For severe mistake, however, there were two different opinions at the same percentage: one was being exempted and the other was taking civil liability. 2) Establishing teacher insurance was preferred as a way to minimize teacher's economic loss from safety accident, but there was a significant difference according to gender. 3) The dominant opinion about the payment of insurance premium for safety accident was that it should be paid from school operating expenses.

• Korean Journal of Health Education and Promotion
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.147-160
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• 1997

Nowadays according to the complexity of our daily life due to the development of industry and transportation various kinds of injuries happen. Since 1993 the death rate among 5-14 age children by injuries amount to about 57%. Furthermore, the injury of children can give a direct damage to their own family and it can also bring a serious loss to the country as well as the community where they live in accord with degree of an injury. From this reason, the importance of safety education has been increasing. In this study, it is aimed to clarify the effect of injury preventive behaviors on injury incidence of the 6th grade students in the elementary school. This study is accomplished by the survey sampled from 9 elementary schools in seoul, each of which belong to different district. The survey took for 15 days from the date of september 10th 1996 to september 25th 1996 and the results were as follows; 1. For demographic characteristic, sexual distribution was 48.7% of male students and 47.1% of female students. The required time from home to school was 10-19 minutes(51.8%), and the most way of their going to school is to walk(89.7%). Mothers who graduated from high school were 46.6% and 49.4% of fathers were above university graduated level. The most vocation of mothers was housewife as 56.7%. 2. The results of analysis on the injury rates, 75.8% of children experienced more than one injury and the most was play injury. With regards to sites where injuries happened, the room, the kitchen, and the living room in the house ranked first(38.3%) and then injuries at school such as on the playground, in the classroom, and on the stairs was 34.1%. 3. Considering the rate of injury incidence in accordance with demographic characteristics, male students experienced more injuries than female students(p〈0.05). For the way from home to school, children who went to school by bicycle experienced the most injuries and then on foot, by bus in order of which differences were statistically significant(p〈0.05). 4. From the comparison of parents' safety education practice and the injury incidence, the less often parents practice safety education, the more often children experience injuries(p〈0.05). 5. The results of analysis on the effect of injury preventive behaviors on accidents children who didn't act injury preventive behaviors experienced much more injuries than those who did injury preventive behaviors of which differences were statistically significant(p〈0.01). 6. From the results of analysis of factors effecting on the elementary school children's injuries, children without injury preventive behaviors had more effect on accidents than those who had injury preventive behaviors as odds ratio 2.06(p〈0.01), and the odds ratio of male students compared with female students was 1.47(p〈0.05).