• 한국표면공학회지
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• 제52권2호
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• pp.58-61
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• 2019

The aim of this study is to quantitatively demonstrate the possibility of heat transfer by thermal radiation by comparing heat transfer by conventional heat transfer and radiation by radiation. 1) The heat transfer was measured by using filler of TIM material with low thermal conductivity (CuS). As a result, heat transfer was easier than ceramic with high thermal conductivity ($Al_2O_3$ and $Si_3N_4$). 2) The reason for this is thought to be that the infrared wave due to radiation of the air diaphragm has moved easily. 3) From the above results, the heat dissipation of the TIM material indicates the possibility of heat transfer by thermal radiation.

• 대한의용생체공학회:의공학회지
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.79-84
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• 1996

A number of experimental evidences suggest that the rnun ventrolateral medulla(RVLM) is the final common pathway in the regulation of arterial blood pressure. A Voup of neurons in the RVLM, called the cardiovascular neurons (UN), show spontaneous activity temporally synchronized with the periodic cardiac cycle. These neurons affect the sympathetic nerve discharge(SND), thus are believed to be responsible for blood pressure control. The present experiment identified 98 UVNs in 42 cats based on the temporal relationships between each neuron's activity with both the cardiac cycle and SWD. In 20 UWL changes of spontaneous firing rate(FR) during the somatosympathetic reflex(SSR) were studied Five different firing patterns were observed during the pressor and depressor responses of SSR, implying that they form an interconnected neuronal circuit interacting with one another to generate efferent signals for blood pressure regulation. In the following companion paper, the firing patterns of CVN are analyzed to develop a minimal neuronal circuit model explaining the present experimental outcome.

• 농촌의학ㆍ지역보건
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• 제40권1호
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• pp.1-8
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• 2015

이 연구는 지역사회건강조사 조사원들을 대상으로 직무만족과 관련 요인 및 특성을 파악하여 향후 조사원 직무만족도 향상을 위한 개선안을 제시하기 위해 수행되었다. 자료는 일개 권역에서 지역사회건강조사를 수행한 조사원 70명을 대상으로 2011년 10월 20일부터 10월 31일까지 직접 기입방법을 통해 일반적 특성 및 직무만족 관련 내용에 대해 수집하였다. 일반적 특성에 따른 직무만족요인에 따른 단변량 분석 결과 40세 미만이 40세 이상보다 정서적 요인 관련 만족도 점수가 상대적으로 높았고, 통계 조사 참여횟수가 5회 이하에서 6회 이상보다 사회적 또는 정서적 요인 만족도 점수가 높았다. 또한 참여대학에 따라 전체 직무만족도 점수는 서로 차이를 나타내었다. 일반적 특성에 대한 요인별 회귀분석 결과 연령이 높을수록 정서적 요인 관련 만족도 점수와 직무수행 요인 관련 만족도 점수는 낮았고, 조사업무 수행형태가 단독수행인 경우 2인 이상 조사를 수행하는 경우보다 직무만 족도 점수가 높았다. 전반적으로 낮은 지역사회건강조사원의 직무만족도를 높이기 위해서는 조사원의 연령과 통계조사 참여경험 요인 등을 감안하여 직무교육 및 관리가 이루어져야 할 것이며, 직무수행 환경과 조사수행과정상의 애로사항을 확인하고 이를 해결해 줄 수 있는 방안이 모색되어야 할 것으로 사료된다.

• 대한두경부종양학회지
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.177-181
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• 1999

Objective: The clinical significance of mass screening for thyroid carcinoma remains unclear. This study was carried out to clarify the value of mass screening for thyroid carcinoma. Materials and Methods: From December 1997 through July 1998, a total of 1,401 subjects who were enrolled to receive breast screening or follow-up examination for breast cancer were included in this study. Thyroid glands were examined by 10 MHz ultrasonography by one experienced radiologist. The patients with thyroid nodules were classified into 2 groups according to their potential risk of malignancy by ultrasonographic findings(high-risk : hypoechogenicity, microcalcification, irregular margin, taller than wider shape). High-risk patients were advised to undergo fine-needle aspiration biopsy and thyroidectomy. The characteristics of the thyroid cancers detected by ultrasonographic mass screening were compared by those of clinical thyroid cancer excluding male patients during the same period. Results: Thyroid nodules were detected in 353(25.2%) of the subjects and 259(73.4%) were listed in the low-risk group and 94(26.6%) in high-risk group. Among 94 patients in the high-risk group, 43 underwent thyroidectomy and 37 turned out to have thyroid carcinomas. Thus, the detection rates for carcinoma were 2.6% of all subject, 10.5% of the detected nodules, 36.4% of the high risk women and 86.0% of the operated cases. The tumor size was significantly smaller in the mass-screening group than in the clinical cancer group(p<0.05). However, there was no statistical differences between two groups in the prevalences of neck node involvement and extracapsular invasion and the patients distributions by AMES score, MACIS score and TNM stage. Conclusion: Ultrasonogrpahic mass screening may be useful for the early detection of thyroid carcinoma in women who are scheduled to have breast examination.

• 의료ㆍ복지 건축 : 한국의료복지건축학회 논문집
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.31-39
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• 2022

Purpose: The study aimed to extract the space mentioned in the criteria for evaluation and certification of psychiatric institutions in which the most specific standards for medical services of psychiatric institutions are prepared, and to organize and analyze the requirements. Method: The implied space is derived by analyzing the evaluation and certification criteria. The derived space is re-classified by departments of the hospital, and the requirements are organized and analyzed. Results: First, a total of 41 spaces were derived. The derived spaces can be considered as spaces to be treated as important in psychiatric institutions. Second, as a result of reclassifying the derived space by department, 10 spaced for the hospital as a whole, 10 for wards, 12 for central/outpatient departments, 5 for pharmaceutical departments, 2 for catering facilities, and 2 for facilities. Third, if organized by psychiatric institution, there is a total of 40 spaces for psychiatric hospitals according to certification criteria, and according to evaluation criteria, there is 38 spaces for psychiatric hospitals and departments and 19 spaces for the clinics. The difference between the certification and evaluation criteria of psychiatric hospitals is insignificant. In order to promote the qualitative improvement of psychiatric institutions, it is necessary to gradually strengthen from the certification criteria. Fourth, the requirements reflecting the characteristics of a psychiatric institution were very limited to emergency exits and treatment rooms. It is necessary to prepare the space requirements for other rooms in consideration of the behavior of the mentally ill. Implications: The derived spaces and requirements can serve as practical reference materials for practitioners preparing to receive certification and evaluation of psychiatric institutions. In addition, it has meaning as a basic data for estimating the level of space and requirements of psychiatric institutions that are currently required in Korea.

• 의료ㆍ복지 건축 : 한국의료복지건축학회 논문집
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.27-36
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• 2017

Purpose: The characteristics of spatial allocation planning in dentistry through examining the dental hospitals in Korea and comparison between them are necessary for the development of planning of the dental healthcare system. This study has been started to provide basic informations such as zoning, allocation distribution, and space configuration for the planning of dental hospital architecture. Methods: Literature review of dental care departments and investigation on current status of dental hospital in Korea have been conducted. The spatial allocation and space configuration of eleven dental hospitals have been analyzed. Results: The result of this study can be summarized in three points. The first one is that dental hospitals in Korea are consisted with eight to eleven dental care departments and they are divided with the horizontal allocation type with three to four departments in a floor for the spatial communication or the vertical allocation type with a department in each floor for the independent space. The second one is that oral medicine and oral maxillofacial radiology are located near the main entrance, orthodontics and pedodontic dentistry in lower level, prosthodontics in upper level, and conservative dentistry and periodontics have no specific spatial consideration. The third one is that the factors to consider the allocation planning are zoning for examination & diagnosis, basic practice, adolescence, surgery, circulations for patient, dentist, staff, different access for department like as easy access for reception and pedodontic dentistry, enclosure space for prosthodontics and surgery, frequency of visit and treatment care time, and change of treatment concept from treatment department to disease control corporative practice. Implications: This study is the starting point for the research of spatial configuration in dentistry and it is necessary to analyze the architectural planning to develop the dental healthcare system.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• 제49권1호
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• pp.56-63
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• 2006

목 적 : 흉막삼출을 동반한 폐렴에서 빠른 원인병원체의 판단으로 조기진단과 적절한 치료로 후유증 발생을 최소화하는데 도움을 주는 자료를 얻기 위해 최근 경험한 감염성 흉막삼출의 원인병원체, 연도별 발생빈도 변화, 연령별 빈도 및 후유증 발생률을 알아보고자 하였다. 방 법 : 1987년부터 2004년까지 17년간 경상대학교병원 소아과에 폐렴으로 입원한 환아 중 감염성 흉막삼출을 보인 86례를 대상자로 이들의 병록기록지를 후향적으로 조사하였다. 결 과 : 총 대상자의 남녀 비율은 1.45 : 1(남 : 여=51 : 35명)로 남아가 많았으며, 평균 연령은 5.64세(${\pm}4.43$)이었다. 발생빈도의 변화를 연도별로 분류해 보았을 때 평균 발생률은 감소를 보이지만 통계학적으로 의미 있는 변화를 보이지 않았다(r=-0.25, P=0.30). 총 대상자 86례 중 원인체가 밝혀진 경우는 57례(66.3%)로 결핵 7례(8.2%), 비결핵 세균성 14례(16.3%), 미코플라스마 34례(39.5%), 기타 감염성 흉막삼출 2례(2.3%)였다. 나머지 29례(33.7%)는 원인불명 감염성 흉막삼출이었다. 비결핵 세균성 흉막삼출 14례를 병원균 별로 분류하면 황색포도알균이 5례(5.8%)로 가장 많았고, 폐렴사슬알균이 3례(3.5%), 녹농균 3례(3.5%), 기타 포도알균 2례(2.3%), 폐렴막대균 1례(1.2%)로 밝혀졌다. 미코플라스마 폐렴은 혈청검사를 통한 진단이 비교적 용이하고 후유증 동반율이 매우 낮고, 비결핵 세균성 흉막삼출에서 흉막액의 소견은 높은 백혈구수와 함께 중성구 우세를 보이며, 산도와 당이 매우 낮게 측정되고, 단백과 LDH가 매우 높게 나오는 특징을 보였다. 결핵성 흉막삼출 환자 1례에서 흉막비후의 후유증을 남겼는데, 결핵성 흉막삼출은 흉막액에 높은 백혈구수에 림프구와 중성구의 우세가 비슷하고, 단백과 LDH가 높게 나오는 특징을 보였다. 결 론 : 이에 연구자들은 폐렴의 초기에 흉막유출이 동반되었는지를 빨리 파악하고, 환아의 연령도 고려하여 병인을 추정하여, 흉막삼출액의 빠른 분석을 통한 치료적 접근이 사망률과 이환율을 줄일 수 있는 것이라 본다.

• 대한세포병리학회지
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.106-115
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• 1995

Reactive humsn mesothelial cells were examined by immunocytochemical stain with intermediate filaments (cytokeratin [CK1, CK7, CK8, CK18, CD19), vimentin, desmin, actin), epithelial membrane antigen, carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), MHC class II antigen (HLA-DR), LeuM-1 (CD15), $\alpha1-antitrypsin$(ACT), $\alpha1-antichymotrypsin$ (ACHT), CD68(KP-1) and FcyRIII(CD16). The mesothelial cells were isolated from patients with liver cirrhosis and pleural effusion, and short-term cultured in RPMI 1640 media containing 10% heat inactivated fetal calf serum and 1% identical supernatant fluid of the patients' transudates. The results obtained are as follows 1. The cultured-reactive mesothelial cells were positive for the protein of cytoskeleton such as cytokeratin and vimentin, but negative for desmin and actin. The resting mesothelial cells showed positive reactions for cylokeratin, but negative for vimentin, desmin and actin. 2. The primary antibodies to the cytokeratin were strongly reactive for CK1, CK8 and CK18 but negative for CK7 and CK19 in both reactive and resting mesothelial cells. 3. Resting mesothelial cells showed negative reactions for CEA, but strong positive reactions in cultured-reactive mesothelial cells. 4. The markers for the monocytes/histiocytes(CD11b, CD14, CD16, CD68, Iysozyme and $\alpha1-antitrypsin$ and $\alpha1-antichymotrypsin$) were nonreactive in resting mesothelial cells, but lysozyme and $\alpha1-antitrypsin$ were weakly reactive in reactive and proliferative mesothelial cells. 5. MHC Class II molecule(HLA-DR antigen) was negative in both resting and reactive mesothelial cells. These results suggest that the short-term cultured, reactive mesothelial cells show a newly aberrant expression of the vimentin and calcine-embryonic antigen. The reason of the aberrant expression of the intermediate filament and oncofetal antigen in reactive and proliferative mesothelial cells should be further evaluated.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• 제53권2호
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• pp.253-257
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• 2010

용혈성 요독 증후군은 미세혈관병성 용혈성 빈혈, 급성 신부전 및 혈소판감소증을 특징으로 하며 4세 미만 소아의 급성 신부전의 가장 흔한 원인이 된다. 설사 연관형 용혈성 요독 증후군은 설사가 전구 증상으로 동반되며, shiga-toxin을 생산하는 Escherichia coli O157:H7 또는 Shigella dysenteriae 감염이 원인으로써 비교적 예후가 좋다. 하지만, 비전형적인 경우는 재발할 수 있으며 더 불량한 예후를 보인다. 소아에서는 용혈성 요독 증후군이 선행된 급성 림프모구성 백혈병은 매우 드물게 보고되며, 이들에서의 임상적인 특징이나 기저 기전은 잘 알려져 있지 않다. 이에 저자들은 11세 남아에서 비전형적 용혈성 요독 증후군 후에 발생한 급성 림프모구성 백혈병 1예를 보고하는 바이며, 이와 같은 비전형적인 경우에는 급성 림프모구성 백혈병의 가능성을 염두해 두어야 할 것으로 사료된다.

• 기본간호학회지
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.412-420
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• 2009

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify the relationship between empowerment and performance of infection control by emergency department nurses. Method: Participants were 190 nurses working in emergency departments in 14 hospitals located in Busan. Descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA, and Pearson's correlation coefficients with SPSS PC+ WIN 12.0 were used to analyze the data. Results: There were significant differences in empowerment by years in ED (emergency departments) and position. There was a significant differences in performance of infection control by position. There were significant differences in empowerment by infection control-related characteristics and by regular conference for infection control. There was a significant and positive relationship between empowerment and performance of infection control in ED nurses. Conclusion: The results of this study indicate that improvement in the level of ED nurse's empowerment would lead to an increase in the performances of infection control.