• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
• /
• 제16권18호
• /
• pp.8605-8611
• /
• 2016

The reliability of using diagnostic binary ratios of particulate carcinogenic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) as chemical tracers for source characterisation was assessed by collecting PM10 samples from various air quality observatory sites in Thailand. The major objectives of this research were to evaluate the effects of day and night on the alterations of six different PAH diagnostic binary ratios: An/(An + Phe), Fluo/(Fluo + Pyr), B[a]A/(B[a]A + Chry), B[a]P/(B[a]P + B[e]P), Ind/(Ind + B[g,h,i]P), and B[k]F/Ind, and to investigate the impacts of site-specific conditions on the alterations of PAH diagnostic binary ratios by applying the concept of the coefficient of divergence (COD). No significant differences between day and night were found for any of the diagnostic binary ratios of PAHs, which indicates that the photodecomposition process is of minor importance in terms of PAH reduction. Interestingly, comparatively high values of COD for An/(An + Phe) in PM10 collected from sites with heavy traffic and in residential zones underline the influence of heterogeneous reactions triggered by oxidising gaseous species from vehicular exhausts. Therefore, special attention must be paid when interpreting the data of these diagnostic binary ratios, particularly for cases of low-molecular-weight PAHs.

• Smart Structures and Systems
• /
• 제15권6호
• /
• pp.1521-1542
• /
• 2015

The use of shape memory alloys (SMAs) in dynamical systems has an increasing importance in engineering especially due to their capacity to provide vibration reductions. In this regard, experimental tests are essential in order to show all potentialities of this kind of systems. In this work, SMA springs are incorporated in a dynamical system that consists of a one degree of freedom oscillator connected to a linear spring and a mass, which is also connected to the SMA spring. Two types of springs are investigated defining two distinct systems: a pseudoelastic and a shape memory system. The characterisation of the springs is evaluated by considering differential calorimetry scanning tests and also force-displacement tests at different temperatures. Free and forced vibration experiments are made in order to investigate the dynamical behaviour of the systems. For both systems, it is observed the capability of changing the equilibrium position due to phase transformations leading to hysteretic behaviour, or due to temperature changes which also induce phase transformations and therefore, change in stiffness. Both situations are investigated by promoting temperature changes and also pre-tension of the springs. This article shows several experimental tests that allow one to obtain a general comprehension of the dynamical behaviour of SMA systems. Results show the general thermo-mechanical behaviour of SMA dynamical systems and the obtained conclusions can be applied in distinct situations as in rotor-bearing systems.

• BMB Reports
• /
• 제45권4호
• /
• pp.259-264
• /
• 2012

Accumulation of modified nucleotides is defective to various cellular processes, especially those involving DNA and RNA. To be viable, organisms possess a number of (deoxy)nucleotide phosphohydrolases, which hydrolyze these nucleotides removing them from the active NTP and dNTP pools. Deamination of purine bases can result in accumulation of such nucleotides as ITP, dITP, XTP and dXTP. E. coli RdgB has been characterised as a deoxyribonucleoside triphosphate pyrophosphohydrolase that can act on these nucleotides. S. cerevisiae homologue encoded by YJR069C was purified and its (d)NTPase activity was assayed using fifteen nucleotide substrates. ITP, dITP, and XTP were identified as major substrates and kinetic parameters measured. Inhibition by ATP, dATP and GTP were established. On the basis of experimental and published data, modelling and simulation of ITP, dITP, XTP and dXTP metabolism was performed. (d)ITP/(d)XTPase is a new example of enzyme with multiple substrate-specificity demonstrating that multispecificity is not a rare phenomenon

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
• /
• 제17권2호
• /
• pp.215-244
• /
• 2004

There is an ever-increasing demand for assessment of earthquake effects on transportation structures, emphasised by the crippling consequences of recent earthquakes hitting developed countries reliant on road transportation. In this work, vulnerability functions for RC bridges are derived analytically using advanced material characterisation, high quality earthquake records and adaptive inelastic dynamic analysis techniques. Four limit states are employed, all based on deformational quantities, in line with recent development of deformation-based seismic assessment. The analytically-derived vulnerability functions are then compared to a data set comprising observational damage data from the Northridge (California 1994) and Hyogo-ken Nanbu (Kobe 1995) earthquakes. The good agreement gives some confidence in the derived formulation that is recommended for use in seismic risk assessment. Furthermore, by varying the dimensions of the prototype bridge used in the study, and the span lengths supported by piers, three more bridges are obtained with different overstrength ratios (ratio of design-to-available base shear). The process of derivation of vulnerability functions is repeated and the ensuing relationships compared. The results point towards the feasibility of deriving scaling factors that may be used to obtain the set of vulnerability functions for a bridge with the knowledge of a 'generic' function and the overstrength ratio. It is demonstrated that this simple procedure gives satisfactory results for the case considered and may be used in the future to facilitate the process of deriving analytical vulnerability functions for classes of bridges once a generic relationship is established.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
• /
• 제38권6호
• /
• pp.505-534
• /
• 2006

Ensuring sufficient supplies of clean, economic and acceptable energy is a critical global challenge for the 21st century. There seems little alternative to a greatly expanded role for nuclear power, but implementation of this option will depend on ensuring that all resulting wastes can be disposed of safely. Although there is a consensus on the fundamental feasibility of such disposal by experts in the field, concepts have to be developed to make them more practical to implement and, in particular, more acceptable to key stakeholders. By considering global trends and using illustrative examples from Japan, key areas for future R&D are identified and potential areas where the synergies of international collaboration would be beneficial are highlighted.

• 대한기계학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 대한기계학회 2008년도 추계학술대회A
• /
• pp.1533-1538
• /
• 2008

The development of new material systems like Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymer (CFRP) places ever higher demands on the techniques for non-destructive material characterisation. Image-producing eddy current methods also need to satisfy these demands. Eddy-current imaging of FRP is based on the anisotropic electrical properties of the material investigated. Significant differences in conductivity between carbon fibres, polymer matrix and integrated functional components can be found. The availability of high-resolution sensors enables access to the local distribution of the electromagnetic properties. The static and dynamic procedures for isolating influential characteristics, already in use in eddy-current technology, can now be supplemented by topographical images. The precondition for a successful implementation of the eddy-current procedure is a deeper understanding of the image-generating process which allows correct interpretation of the images obtained.

• 한국컴퓨터산업학회논문지
• /
• 제5권2호
• /
• pp.261-268
• /
• 2004

본 연구는 다기능의 광 네트워크에 있어서 256 위상 Opto-ULSI 프로세서를 구현하는 최적위상 디자인을 제안한다. 이미 구성된 8 위상 프로세서에 대한 디자인의 실험 특성을 바탕으로 하여 본 연구에서 액정의 비선형성을 보정하며 최적의 위상을 찾아 대용량의 Opto-ULSI 프로세서를 구현할 수 있다. 이 연구는 최적의 위상 특성을 조사하고 액정의 비선형성 보정방법에 대한 개발을 통해 초기의 8 위상 Opto-ULSI 프로세서 개발을 중심으로 통합된 지능형 포토닉스 시스템 (IIPS)을 위한 광선제어 Opto-ULSI (BS) 프로세서 (OUP) 구현을 목표로 한다.

• 한국환경독성학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국환경독성학회 2002년도 추계국제학술대회
• /
• pp.107-116
• /
• 2002

GLP regulations were initially “promulgated to address assuring the validity of data in the wake of investigations by EPA and FDA during the mid -1970's which revealed that some studies submitted to the agencies had not been conducted in accordance with acceptable laboratory practices.” [1] In the early 1970s, results of an investigation by the FDA in about 40 laboratories revealed many cases of badly managed studies, poor training of personnel and some cases of deliberate fraud. The general findings were that there were poorly trained study directors and study personnel, poorly designed protocols, protocols not followed, procedures not conducted as described, raw data badly collected, data not correctly identified, data without traceability, data not verified and approved by responsible persons, lack of standardised procedures, poor animal husbandry, inadequate characterisation of test items and test systems, inadequate resources, equipment poorly calibrated or otherwise qualified, reports not sufficiently verified, not an accurate account of the actual study, not a proper reflection of raw data and inadequate archiving of data. These problems are not just past history, since they resurface time and time again, even in quite recent times as the experience of GLP inspectors shows [1]. The GLPs specify minimum practices and procedures in order to ensure the quality and integrity of data submitted in accordance with a regulatory requirement

• 대한수의학회지
• /
• 제53권3호
• /
• pp.155-158
• /
• 2013

Paedomorphosis is the retention of juvenile morphology at maturity and is important in generating evolutionary change in domestic species and species in the wild. This preliminary study compared morphological characteristics of seven domestic cat pure breeds and felid species from around the world. An original procedure based on elliptical Fourier (EF) methods was applied to head lateral views of specimens and were assessed in order to analyse head profile. For comparative purposes three domestic kittens of different ages and three species of genus Lynx were also used. EF descriptors, allowed for the quantification of the head profile. Using the Fourier transform, reconstruction of the mean head profile revealed that there was a general shape difference between wild cats, domestic cats and kittens. Results suggested that variability in head profile differentiate quite well between adult cats and kittens, but domestic and wild cats appeared grouped into a similar cluster. The similarity between breeds can thus be attributed more to the general head profile than to flatness, i.e. to the general conformation rather than facial profile. Therefore, no effect of paedomorphism on the studied breeds can be undertaken. The present approach opens interesting ethnological perspectives for the aloidic characterisation for domestic breeds.

• 한국의류학회지
• /
• 제23권8호
• /
• pp.1228-1239
• /
• 1999

This research analyzes characterisation and classification of body types for the Chinese women and to compare the differences of body type with Korea women in university. The measurement has gauged in 1998 at Yeon-Gil University in China. One hundred of the Chosunjok college women aged 17 and 24 in China were measured for this research. In the results of frequency analysis a comparison of the anthropometric categories of the chinese women with those of the Koreans revealed that the Chinese women were shorter and more fat in body. In the results of factor analysis Both two groups factor 1 represented the degree of abesity while factor 2 indicated the stature and the arm length. For the Chosunjok the body types are classified into eight types but Korean has four types by cluster analysis The stature and weight varied according to types leading to a classification focusing on the body size determened by stature and weight factors.