• 한국대기환경학회지
• /
• 제13권5호
• /
• pp.371-381
• /
• 1997

Precipitation sampls were collected in Chonju-city during October 1994 to September 1995 and were analysed for major ions (N $a^{+}$, $K^{+}$, $Ca^{2+}$, $Mg^{2+}$, C $l^{[-10]}$ , NO/$_3$, S $O_4$$^{2-}$) and trace metals (Al, Cd, Ni, Pb, Sr, Zn) in addition to pH, in order to understand the chemical characteristics of acid rain and to estimate the origin of the determined ions. Most rain showed a neutral or alkaline character, and only 35% had a pH lower than 5.6. S $O_4$$^{2-}$ and N $O_3$$^{[-10]}$ are identified as the primary contributors to precipitation acidity in this region. Neutralization of precipitation acidity occurs as a result of the dissolution of alkaline compounds containing $Ca^{2+}$, $Mg^{2+}$ and $K^{+}$. S $O_4$$^{2-}$ and N $O_3$$^{[-10]}$ precipitation concentrations exhibit a seasonal pattern in which higher concentrations are observed during spring months and lower concentrations during summer months. However, the seasonal behavior of $H^{+}$ concentrations differs from this pattern, in that the highest concentrations occur during autumn months, owing to the different influence of neutralization processes. In all rain, S $O_4$$^{2-}$ concentration exceeded NO/$_3$$^{[-10]}$ concentration. The contribution of maritime sources to the total S $O_4$$^{2-}$ concentration was very low or negligible. For rain strongly affacted by yellow sand, $Ca^{2+}$, $Mg^{2+}$ and $K^{+}$ ions show a sharp increase in concentration, reflecting the increased amount of dust and soil suspended in atmosphere. At the same time, S $O_4$$^{2-}$ and N $O_3$$^{[-10]}$ concentrations are at their highest levels while $H^{+}$ values are not comparably elevated, presumably beacause much of the acidity has been neutralized by alkaline substances. The seasonal variance of trace metal concentrations in rainwater is similar to that of major cations. The annual wet flux of acidic pollutants and trace metals wat calculated to be as follows: N $O_3$$^{[-10]}$ ; 2.32 g/$m^2$, S $O_4$$^{2-}$, 5.34 g/$m^2$, Al; 6.30 mg/$m^2$, Cd; 0.62 mg/$m^2$, Ni; 4.08 mg/$m^2$, Pb: 9.76 mg/$m^2$, Sr; 5.94 mg/$m^2$, Zn; 111 mg/$m^2$./$m^2$.

• 대한예방한의학회지
• /
• 제7권2호
• /
• pp.121-130
• /
• 2003

The Musculoskeletal Disease has been ignored or turned away due to the difficulty of diagnosis and the vagueness of judgement up to now. Contrary to other diseases, there were many cases where the character of the Musculoskeletal Disease wasn't revealed through the objective inspection. And that's because the Musculoskeletal Disease appears for the most part due to muscular defect so it is impossible to diagnose the muscle by X-ray diagnosing the bone and it is also impossible to diagnose the fine damage of the muscle or tendon even by advanced device like MRI. As the nervous blood vessels or acupunctures pass through or are next to the muscle, the tension of the muscle put pressure on these so can become the direct or indirect causes of various kinds of pains or intern diseases. But in spite of that, for lack of proper equipment diagnosing the state of the muscle(Shortened.. Relaxed... or Hardened...) the muscle has been disregarded or neglected intentionally or unintentionally. While many people think themselves to be a muscular expert, if they don't see the shape of the muscle, that is just like blind treatment. But as now the equipment diagnosing the state of the muscle is developed, it seems that this problem can be settled. It was attempted in this study that the muscle or skeleton of the Musculoskeletal disease patients was diagno the treatment order and method were decided by a questionnaire survey and simple inspection, and the Musculoskeletal correction exercise using the muscle management and sling system made them escape from the Musculoskeletal disease, turning their muscle into more flexible and stronger muscle. As a result notwithstanding the limited treatment period '12 times', the improvement rate was as high as 74%, which showed that the muscle management and Musculoskeletal correction exercise had a great effect on the symptom improvement of the patients. If the treatment times had increased, the improvement rate also would have increased more.

• 패션비즈니스
• /
• 제2권3호
• /
• pp.121-136
• /
• 1998

The purpose of this study was to present a new research method of stage costume by designing and making the stage costume of Yean-GaeSoMoon(淵蓋蘇文) in Peking Opera Du Mu Guan (Korean; Dog Mog Guan, 獨木關). The stage costume of Peking Opera was formed on the basis of the Chinese traditional stage costume in the Qing period, however the style of stage costume was beautified the costume of Ming period and here contained the factors of successive costumes. But the stage costume of Peking Opera didn't have the same rank system with real history costume and didn't have demarcation according to period and history. In the stage costume of Peking Opera, the color is cultural language that can inform spectators of sex, age, personality, position of characters. The pattern of decoration also symboled the personality and characteristic of the character. Yean-GaeSoMoon in the play wore green armour (Chinese; ru ying kao 綠硬靠), red pants (Chinese; hong ku 紅褲), red mustache (Chinese; hong ran kou 紅髥口), crown (Chinese; da e zi 大額子), shoes (Chinese; hou di xue 厚底靴) and Xue RenGui wore white armour (Chinese; baikao 白靠), red pants (Chinese; hong ku 紅褲), shoes (Chinese; hou di xue 厚底靴), hat (Chinese; za jin 扎巾). By historical materials, Yean-GaeSoMoon was a nationalist who uphold national sprit and the greatest hero of the age and a charismatic politician who combines literatural arts with military arts. Considering these reviews, defined the thema of his new costumes' image as "the flying bird which has three legs"(三足鳥), the bird which symbolized the sun and immortality in Koguryo fresco. On the basis of this image, presented three types of Yean-GaeSoMoon's stage costume. Yean-GaeSoMoon as the minister in the court wore black gown (Chinese; mang pao 蟒袍) of dargon pattern which symbolizes harisma who opening the heaven. He as the general who directs war wore red mantle (Chinese; dou peng 斗蓬) which symbolizes the blue dragon that soaring into the sky, as the officer who fights the enemy's general wore green armour (Chinese; gai liang jia 改良甲), red pants (Chinese; hong ku 紅褲) which symbolizes the flying Sward that blowing violently. By wearing these stage costumes, the image of Yean-GaeSoMoon could changed from the fierce general of minority race who likes to fight, to the Koguryo general who fights against enemy at the risk of his life for Koguryo's autonomy. Through this study once again we could realized that stage costume played very mportant part In outstnding the characteristic of actor in the Peking Opera.

• 한국자기학회지
• /
• 제17권1호
• /
• pp.34-37
• /
• 2007

[ $Fe_{0.9}Zn_{0.1}Cr_2S_4$ ]를 직접합성법으로 제조하여 X선 회절기(XRD), 진동 시료 자화율 측정기(VSM), $M\"{o}ssbauer$ 분광기를 이용하여 시료의 결정학적 및 자기적 특성을 연구하였다. X선 회절도 분석 결과, 결정구조는 입방정형 스피넬 구조이며, 공간 그룹은 Fd3m으로 격자 상수는 $a_0=9.9967\;{\AA}$로 결정되었다. 100 Oe 인가자장하의 자화 곡선(ZFC: Zero field cooling)에서는 77 K 근방에서 첨점 형태의 특이 현상이 관측되었다. VSM과 $M\"{o}ssbauer$ 스펙트럼 분석 결과 $N\'{e}el$ 온도($T_N$)는 153 K로 결정되었다. $M\"{o}ssbauer$ 스펙트럼은 4.2 K에서 커다란 전기 사중극자 상호작용에 의한 비대칭적인 8-line 형태를 나타내었으며 이때의 전기 사중극자 분열치는 2.22mm/s이었다. 77 K에서 전기 사중극자 분열치는 0.20mm/s로 급격히 감소하였고 온도 상승과 함께 $M\"{o}ssbauer$ 스펙트럼 또한 8-line에서 6-line 형태로 변하였다. 상온에서의 이성질체 이동 값은 0.48mm/s로 철의 이온 상태가 전 온도 영역에서 $Fe^{2+}$로 결정되어 진다.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology
• /
• 제24권2호
• /
• pp.363-375
• /
• 1990

The present investigation was performed to purify bombesin-like immunoreactivity (BBS-LI) from the skin of frogs, B. orientalis inhabiting Korea. For extraction of BBS-LI, the fresh skin of 360 g from frogs was immersed in 1,800 ml of 100% methanol and then kept at $4^{\circ}C$ for 5 days. BBS-LI was partially purified by liquid chromatography using an alkaline alumina column followed by a Sephadex G-10 column. BBS-LI was further purified by using sequential HPLC of reversed phase C18 preparation, gel permeation, SP-ion exchange and reversed phase C18 analysis. BBS-LI in fractions of each step was monitored by radioimmunoassay for which bombesin antiserum with a titer of 1 : 188,800 was raised in a guinea pig. Eventually, two different BBS-LI were successfully purified and each BBS-LI showed the following character. 1) BBS-LI was well separated into two peaks in SP-ion exchange HPLC. One (BBS-LI-K1) bound to the column while the other (BBS-LI-K2) did not. 2) BBS-LI-K1, 73.8% of total BBS-LI, was not differentiated from synthetic bombesin in reversed phase C18 analytical and gel permeation HPLC. 3) BBS-LI-K2, 26.2% of total BBS-LI, eluted later than synthetic bombesin in reversed phase C18 analytical HPLC, but it eluted with a retention time identical to that of synthetic bombesin in gel permeation HPLC. 4) The two forms of BBS-LI and synthetic bombesin identically stimulated gastrin release and pancreatic exocrine secretion including volume, protein output and amylase output in anesthetized rats. It is concluded from the above results that the skin of B. orientalis contains two different forms of BBS-LI which are very identical to bombesin immunologically and biologically. In comparison with synthetic bombesin containing 14 amino acid residues, the major form shows quite similar pattern in all HPLC used in the present study, but the minor form exhibits quite different pattern in SP-ion exchange and reversed phase C18 analytical HPLG.

• 디자인학연구
• /
• 제19권2호
• /
• pp.207-216
• /
• 2006

벽지는 본래 종이가 지닌 성질상 실내장식에 있어서 수명이 가장 짧다는 특징이 있지만, 벽면의 시각적인 효과의 다양함으로 현대 벽장식 마감재중 가장 중요한 요소가 되었다 벽지는 종이의 특성상 역사적 유물 보존이 어렵고 그에 관한 기록이 미흡하며 건축물의 실내공간이 잘 유지되었거나, 광고로 사용되었던 다양한 상업용 샘플과 여러 책자에 의해서만 고증되고 있다. 종이벽지와 도배 자료들을 근거로 18세기의 영국을 중심으로 현대 벽지도배의 발전과 벽지산업의 이론적 체계 확립을 위해 과거의 전통적 벽지도배의 역사적 배경연구와 기술적, 상업적 배경의 근원을 이론적으로 고찰하여 전통적 벽지도배의 상업적 역사성을 재 인식하고자한다. 벽지도배의 이론적 연구를 통해 전통적 도배방법과 초배지의 전승, 반복이음 방식을 이용한 패턴의 양식화, 벽지도배의 분업화와 상업적 비용의 세분화, 과거 전통접착 방법의 전승, 띠벽지의 유래, 전통적 종이벽지의 실용성과 초기 도배기술의 다양한 기능성, 맞대이음 방식에서 중복이음 방식의 변화, 여성의 벽지선택을 통한 DIY제품의 개발 등을 이론적으로 고찰하였다. 벽지는 지금도 장식적, 기능적 벽 마감재 또는 벽 처리를 위한 가장 대중적인 재료로서 다른 재료들보다도 가장 선호하는 제품으로 남아 있다. 이러한 벽지의 도배 기술과 상업성을 역사적으로 고찰하여 전통 벽지도배의 이론적 체계 확립을 위한 중요한 자료이며 미래 벽지산업의 방법론적 접근을 위한 벽지역사의 근원이 될 수 있는 연구라고 사료된다.

• 스마트미디어저널
• /
• 제5권2호
• /
• pp.33-41
• /
• 2016

FPS게임은 플레이어가 1인칭 캐릭터의 시점에서 게임레벨의 목표에 따라 상대방을 타격하는 전투형태를 주된 게임플레이 구조로 가진다. 이러한 플레이 상황에서 플레이어의 행동을 유도하는 의사결정은 시각적 인지정보와 이전의 플레이경험을 통한 직 간접적 정보 수집을 통해 이루어진다. 특히 플레이어와 게임레벨간의 즉각적인 상호작용을 주된 플레이로 하는 FPS게임에서 플레이어의 시각적 인지정보에 대한 분석은 특정 게임레벨을 설계하고 수정할 수 있는 정보를 제공할 수 있다. 본 논문에서는 FPS게임의 플레이 경험수준에 따라 플레이어를 초보자와 숙련자 그룹으로 나누고 아이트래킹 장비를 사용하여 대표적인 FPS게임 레벨에 대한 그룹별 시선경로 데이터를 수집하였다. 플레이어의 행동이 발생하는 시점인 전투시작 전후의 시선경로를 500개의 플레이영상으로 기록하고 그룹별 고유한 시선경로 패턴을 도출하였다. 이러한 결과를 통해 FPS게임 레벨의 난이도조절과 플레이가능성을 향상시킬 수 있는 방법을 모색하고자 한다.

• 헤리티지:역사와 과학
• /
• 제57권2호
• /
• pp.80-100
• /
• 2024

본고는 문화유산의 보존관리적 측면에서 논란이 되었던 경복궁 자경전(慈慶殿) 꽃담을 대상으로 주요 내력과 도상(圖像) 구성의 실제를 조명하였다. 자경전 꽃담이 현재 모습으로 변형된 시기와 계기를 파악하는 한편 변조 또는 소실된 문양을 확인하고, 의미상 곡해된 축원(祝願) 문구를 재검토하였다. 연구 결과는 향후 자경전 꽃담의 복원을 위한 논의가 이루어질 경우 유의미한 기초자료로 활용될 수 있다. 자경전 꽃담은 크고 작은 부침을 겪으면서 현재에 이르고 있지만, 지대한 영향을 미친 변곡점은 1929년 경복궁에서 개최된 조선박람회로 판단된다. 자경전 일곽의 담장이 조선박람회 준비 중 전시관 건립을 위해 철거되었고, 행사 종료 이후에 다시 복구되었기 때문이다. 자경전 꽃담을 구성하는 문양의 변조와 소실 역시 대부분 조선박람회 종료 이후의 복구 과정에서 기인했을 가능성이 높다. 한국전쟁 직후 이루어진 보수 과정에서 현재 모습으로 변형되었다는 시각도 있지만, 신빙성을 갖춘 정황과 근거는 찾아보기 어렵다. 현재 경도문-여강문 구간의 내벽에는 「성인도리(聖人道理)」로 알려진 문자문이 배열되어 있지만, 도안 형태와 용례를 고려하면 「성자신손(聖子神孫)」이라는 문구로 판독할 수 있다. 일반적인 벽돌담장으로 남아 있는 여강문-연수문 구간의 내벽은 본래 꽃담 형식으로 제작되었으며, 「계계승승(繼繼繩繩)」과 「천세(千世)」로 비정되는 문구가 배열되어 있었다. 연수문-함규문 구간의 경우 현재 무문(無紋) 상태로 남아 있는 내벽 역시 당초에는 기하문과 문자문으로 구성되었으며, 「천수(千壽)」와 「만세만수(萬世萬壽)」로 특정되는 문구도 실존하였다. 연수문-함규문 구간의 외벽에서는 「낙강만세(樂彊萬歲)」로 알려진 문구를 「천세만세(千歲萬歲)」로 판독할 수 있는 여지가 충분하며, 현재 하나의 도곽(圖郭)으로 이루어진 벽면에는 본래 두 개의 도곽이 별도로 구분되어 있었다.

• 대한간호학회지
• /
• 제23권4호
• /
• pp.569-584
• /
• 1993

This study was done to verify validity of nursing diagnoses related to difficulty in respiratory function. First, content validity was examined by an expert group considering the etiology and the signs / symptoms of three nursing diagnoses - ineffective airway clearance, ineffective breathing pattern, impaired gas exchange. Second, clinical validity was examined by comparing the frequencies of the etiologies and signs / symptoms of the three nursing diagnoses in clinical case studies with the results of the content validity. This study was a descriptive study. The sample consisted of 23 experts (professors, head nurses and clinical instructors) who had had a variety of experiences using nursing diagnoses in clinical practice, and 102 case reports done by senior student nurses of the college of nursing of Y-university. These reports were part of their clinical practice in the ICU. The instrument used for this study was a checklist for etiologies and signs and symptoms based on the literature, Doenges and Moorhouse (1988), Kim, McFarland, McLane (1991), Lee Won Hee et al. (1987), Kim Cho Ja et at. (1988). The data was collected over four month period from May 1992 to Aug. 1992. Data were analyzed using frequencies done with the SPSS / PC＋ package. The results of this study are summarized as follows : 1. General Characteristics of the Expert Group A bachelor degree was held by 43.5% and a master or doctoral degree by 56.5% of the expert group. The average age of the expert group was 35.3 years. Their average clinical experience was 9.3 years and their average experience in clinical practice was 5.9 years. The general characteristics of the patients showed that there were more women than men, that the age range was from 1 to over 80. Most of their medical diagnoses were diagnoses related to the respiratory. system, circulation or neurologic system, and 50% or more of them had a ventilator with intubation or a tracheostomy. The number of cases for each nursing diagnoses was : · Ineffective airway clearance, 92 cases. · Ineffective breathing pattern, 18 cases. · Impaired gas exchange, 22 cases. 2. The opinion of the expert group as to the classification of the etiology, and signs and symptoms of the three nursing diagnoses was as follows : · In 31.8% of the cases the classification of etiology was clear. · In 22.7%, the classification of signs and symptoms was clear. · In 17.4%, the classification of nursing interventions was clear. 3. In the expert group 80% or mere agreed to ‘dysp-nea’as a common sign and symptom of the three nursing diagnoses. The distinguishing signs and symptoms of (Ineffective airway clearance) were ‘sputum’, ‘cough’, ‘abnormal respiratory sounds : rales’. The distinguishing sings and symptoms of (Ineffective breathing pattern) were ‘tachypnea’, ‘use of accessory muscle of respiration’, ‘orthopnea’ and for (Impaired gas exchange) it was ‘abnormal arterial blood gas’, 4. The distribution of etiology, and signs and symptoms of the three nursing diagnoses was as follows : · There was a high frequency of ‘increased secretion from the bronchus and trachea’ in both the expert group and the case reports as the etiology of ineffective airway clearance. · For the etiologies for ineffective breathing pat-tern, ‘rain’, ‘anxiety’, ‘fear’, ‘obstructions of the tract, ca and bronchus’ had a high ratio in the ex-pert group and ‘decreased expansion of lung’ in the case reports. · For the etiologies for impaired gas exchanges, ‘altered oxygen -carrying capacity of the blood’ and ‘excess accumulation of interstitial fluid in lung’ had a high ratio in the expert group and ‘altered oxygen supply’ in the case reports. · For signs and symptoms for ineffective airway clearance, ‘dyspnea’, ‘altered amount and character of sputum’ were included by 100% of the expert group. ‘Abnormal respiratory. sound(rate, rhonchi)’ were included by a high ratio of the expert group. · For the signs and symptoms for ineffective breathing pattern. ‘dyspnea’, ‘shortness of breath’ were included by 100% of the expert group. In the case reports, ‘dyspnea’ and ‘tachypnea’ were reported as signs and symptoms. · For the sign and symptoms for impaired gas exchange, ‘hypoxia’ and ‘cyanosis’ had a high ratio in the expert group. In the case report, ‘hypercapnia’, ‘hypoxia’ and ‘inability to remove secretions’ were reported as signs and symptoms. In summary, the similarity of the etiologies and signs and symptoms of the three nursing diagnoses related to difficulty in respiratory function makes it difficult to distinguish among them But the clinical validity of three nursing diagnoses was established through this study, and at last one sign and symp-tom was defined for each diagnosis.

• 지능정보연구
• /
• 제19권3호
• /
• pp.45-55
• /
• 2013

최근 모바일 디바이스와 휴대기기의 발달로 원격접속이 늘어남에 따라 보안의 중요성도 점차 증가되었다. 그러나 기존 패스워드나 패턴과 같은 보안 프로그램은 지나치게 단순할 뿐 아니라 다른 사용자가 쉽게 취득하여 악용할 수 있다는 단점이 있다. 생체인식을 활용한 보안 시스템은 보안성이 강화 되었지만 위조 및 변조가 가능하기 때문에 완전한 해결책을 제시하지 못한다. 본 논문에서는 이러한 문제점을 해결하기 위해 지문인식과 패스워드를 결합하여 보안성을 향상시킬 수 있는 방안을 연구하였다. 제안한 시스템은 하나의 지문이 아니라 다수의 지문을 이용하는 방법으로, 사용자가 패스워드를 입력할 때 여러 지문 중에서 정확한 지문의 순서를 제공하도록 한다. 오늘날 스마트폰은 패스워드나 패턴, 지문을 이용할 수 있지만 패스워드의 강도가 낮거나 패턴이 쉽게 노출되는 등의 문제가 있다. 반면에 제안한 시스템은 다양한 지문의 이용과 패스워드의 연계, 또는 다른 생체인식 시스템과 연결함으로써 매우 강력한 보안장치가 될 수 있다.