• 산경연구논집
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• 제10권5호
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• pp.49-58
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• 2019

Purpose - Consumer behaviors or decision-making process has been changing recently as the consumer environment, including mobile everyday life, has changed. In view of this changing consumer smart environment, this study aims to investigate structural relation about the influence omni-channel propensity and regulatory focus on consideration set formation. Research design, data, and methodology - In order to proceed with this study, we review previous studies and setting hypotheses. The hypothesis was verified through a survey that was conducted for university students with experience in purchasing in less than three months. With reference to previous studies, operational definition was made for the questionnaire design. From 2018 Nov. to 2019 Feb. Survey was conducted on the panel consumers who purchase item within that period. 315 collected survey data were used to verify hypotheses except the data that had incorrect values. This data were used for SPSS/AMOS for confirm hypothesis which developed by researcher. Results - The results of this study are as follows. First, Consumers were considering a more heterogeneous alternatives if they were more omni-channel propensity in the process of forming consideration set. Second, Consumers were more conscious of the price if they were more omni-channel propensity Third, Consumers were considering a more newness alternatives if they were more omni-channel propensity in the process of forming consideration set. Meanwhile, The results of the study on regulatory focus and consideration set relationships are as follows. Consumers were considering a more heterogeneous alternatives if they were more promotion focus tendency in the process of forming consideration set. Second, Prevention focus tendency were more conscious of the price in the process of considering alternatives. Third, Consumers were considering a more newness alternatives if they were more promotion focus tendency. Conclusions - Depending on the changing consumer environment, the omni-channel propensity was shown to influence the formation of the consideration set. Also, Regulatory focus of consumers significantly influence to formation of consideration set. this study also contributes to the development of the theory as well as the practical approach with understanding consumer decision process on smart(mobile) environment.

• 한국항해항만학회지
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• 제31권5호
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• pp.403-408
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• 2007

본 논문에서는 Jahanshahloo et al (2007)가 새롭게 제시한 모형을 이용하여 2004년도, 국내 26개 항만들을 대상으로 2개의 투입변수(접안능력, 하역능력)와 3개의 산출변수(수출화물처리량, 수입화물처리량, 입출항척수) 가 있는 경우의 CCR[Charnes, Cooper, Rhodes(l978)] 효율성을 측정하였다. 또한 효율성이 1인 효율적인 항만들을 제거하는 방법과 나머지 항만들의 효율성을 평균하는 방법을 이용하여 효율적인 항만들의 정확한 순위를 측정하였다. 실증분석의 핵심적인 결과를 살펴보면, 가장 효율적인 항만의 순위는 옥포, 삼척, 울산, 대산, 부산, 고현항의 순위로 나타났다. 10개의 컨테이너항만을 제외한 16개 일반 항만들 중에서는 삼척항이 가장 강력한 효율적인 항만으로 나타났다. 정책적인 함의는 항만정책당국이 본 논문에서 사용한 분석방법과 더 장기적인 기간을 대상으로 효율성 분석을 시행하고 효율적으로 판명된 항만들에 대해서는 정확한 순위를 파악하고 그러한 결과를 차후 항만투자와 개발 시에 반드시 고려하고 반영해야만 한다는 점이다.

• 한국응용과학기술학회지
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• 제34권4호
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• pp.974-985
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• 2017

2016년 기준 국내 자동차 등록대수는 약 2,200만대를 육박하고 있으나[1], 국내 자동차용 표준연료에 대한 기준은 부재한 상황이다. 자동차용 표준연료(Reference Fuel)는 차량의 연비와 배출가스를 인증하거나 새로운 자동차를 개발할 때 차량의 성능 등을 평가하기 위해 사용하는 연료를 의미한다. 현재 국내에는 차량의 배출가스, 성능, 연비시험 등을 위해 유통연료를 사용하고 있으며, 유통연료는 석유 및 석유대체연료사업법과 대기환경보전법 상의 품질기준을 만족하지만 각 제조사의 원료와 공정 등에 따라 연료의 물성 차이가 있어 차량 시험 시 편차가 발생할 수 있다. 본 연구에서는 국내 유통되는 자동차용 경유 품질모니터링 분석결과를 바탕으로 자동차용 경유의 시험용 표준연료 기준(안)을 설정하고, CRDI 방식의 차량에 적용하여 표준연료 기준(안)을 평가하였다.

• 전력전자학회논문지
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• 제26권4호
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• pp.256-262
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• 2021

Six-phase motors can be used in industrial applications, such as an electric vehicle, due to their high reliability and low current magnitude per phase. An asymmetrical PMSM with two sets of three-phase windings is a commonly used structure for six-phase motors, with each winding set demonstrating a phase difference of 30°. Although the asymmetrical PMSM presents low torque ripples, its dynamic torque response deteriorates due to coupled components in the two three-phase windings. The decoupled VSD control is applied to eliminate the coupling effect. Load ratio control of two inverters for the six-phase PMSM is proposed in this study. DQ currents are controlled on the basis of two synchronous reference frames, and the six-phase drive system can be changed to a three-phase drive system when one inverter presents fault conditions. The operation and effectiveness of the proposed algorithm is verified through simulation and experiments. The six-phase drive system is transferred to a three-phase drive system by changing the current reference of the second DQ reference frame. Moreover, control of both torque and speed exhibits satisfactory performance before and after the mode change.

• 핵의학기술
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.55-61
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• 2023

Purpose In this study, the monthly population distribution was calculated for statistical verification of 10 tests (CA19-9, CA15-3, testosterone, PTH, calcitonin, AFP, CEA, CA72-4, PSA, estradiol) with changed reagents, and the trend of change By comparing and analyzing the results, we want to verify the accuracy of the results and improve the reliability of the test. Materials and Methods From June 2021 to February 2023, for the 10 items in which the reagent was changed, the monthly percentage and standard deviation index before and after the reagent change were compared, respectively. At this time, the reference value was arbitrarily set for the comparison group in consideration of the reference value of the test item, and the groups were subdivided and compared, and the standard deviation index allowed range was -2.0 or more and 2.0 or less. Results For CA19-9, CA15-3, AFP, CEA, and calcitonin 5 test items, the change in monthly ratio in all test sections before and after the reagent change was kept constant. On the other hand, for CA72-4, PSA, testosterone, PTH, and estradiol items, the standard deviation index exceeded the acceptable standard after changing the reagent. CA72-4 test items showed an increasing trend in standard deviation index in the test section exceeding the reference value. In the case of the PSA test item, the maintenance ratio of 0.04 ng/mL was significantly decreased after changing the reagent. The testosterone test item had a standard deviation index of -2.5 in the test section exceeding 10.1 ng/mL after changing the reagent, and the standard deviation index of the PTH test item was out of the acceptable range in all test sections. It was confirmed that the estradiol test item showed an overall increase in the result value. Conclusion Through this study, the continuity and accuracy of the test results could be verified. It is considered that the stability of the test can be secured by analyzing the factors affecting the test result and solving the cause for the test item whose standard deviation index is out of the acceptable standard.

• 한국의학물리학회지:의학물리
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• 제28권2호
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• pp.39-44
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• 2017

This study aims to analyze dose distribution and treatment time of endobronchial brachytherapy (EBBT) by changing the position step size of the dwell position. A solid water phantom and an intraluminal catheter were used in the treatment plan. The treatment plans were generated for 3, 5, 7, and 10 cm treatment lengths, respectively. For each treatment length, the source position step sizes were set as 2.5, 5, and 10 mm. Three reference points were set 1 cm away from the central axis of the catheter, along the axis, for uniform dose distribution. Volumetric dose distribution was calculated to evaluate the dosimetric effect. The total radiation delivery time and total dwell time were estimated for treatment efficiency, which were increased with position step sizes. At half-life time, the differences between the position step sizes in the total radiation delivery time were 18.1, 15.4, 18.0, and 24.0 s for 3, 5, 7, and 10 cm treatment lengths, respectively. The dose distributions were more homogenous by increasing the position step sizes. The dose difference of the reference point was less than 10%. In brachytherapy, this difference can be negligible. For EBBT, the treatment time is the key factor while considering the patient status. To reduce the total treatment time, EBBT can be performed with 2.5 mm position step size.

• 오토저널
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• 제7권3호
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• pp.64-73
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• 1985

In order to control ignition advance angle, this system is designed with Z-80 CPU, CTC (counter Timer Circuit), PIO(Parallel Input Output), A/D Converter and Memory, etc. Serial pulses from speed sensor and analog voltage from pressure sensor are converted to digital data. In order to reduce the error of ignition advance angle output, the reference of ignition advance angle output is set 56.25 before TDC(Top Dead Center). The table of ignition advance angle and program which have a main routine and subroutines are written into ROM ( 1 K-byte). The experimental result of this system is correspondent to the theoretical values of proposed ignition advance angle table. This system can be utilized to any other type of 4 cylinder vehicles for advance angle control by changing software.

• 한국응용과학기술학회지
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• 제33권4호
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• pp.824-835
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• 2016

2015년 기준 자동차 등록대수는 약 2,100만대를 넘어 1가구당 1.07대를 보유하고 있는 실정이나[1], 국내 자동차용 표준연료에 대한 기준은 부재한 상황이다. 자동차용 표준연료(reference fuel)는 차량의 연비와 배출가스를 인증하거나 새로운 자동차를 개발할 때 차량의 성능 등을 평가하기 위해 사용하는 연료를 의미한다. 현재 국내에는 차량의 배출가스, 성능, 연비시험 등을 위해 유통연료를 사용하고 있으며, 유통연료는 석유 및 석유대체연료사업법과 대기환경보전법 상의 품질기준을 만족하지만 각 제조사의 원료와 공정 등에 따라 연료의 물성차이가 있어 차량 시험 시 편차가 발생할 수 있다. 본 연구에서는 국내 유통되는 휘발유 품질모니터링 분석결과를 바탕으로 표준연료 기준(안)을 설정하고, GDI와 MPI 연료 분사 방식의 차량에 적용하여 비교 평가한 결과, 실제 유통연료를 사용했을 때 최대 3.8%까지 발생하는 연비차이가 1.1%까지 감소함을 확인할 수 있었다.

• 대한토목학회논문집
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• 제37권2호
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• pp.445-449
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• 2017

현재까지의 드론을 이용한 대부분의 연구는 지상에서의 활용 및 규제에 관한 연구가 주로 이루어 졌다. 비행시간과 영상정합의 한계로 해양에서의 드론은 거의 사용되지 않는다. 본 연구는 수상에서 드론을 이용한 영상정합을 위한 기초 연구로 부표를 이용한 임의의 수상기준점을 통해 영상을 정합하고 정확도를 분석하였다. 수상기준점을 이용한 영상정합의 정확도는 항공사진측량과 동일하게 기준점의 정확도에 영향을 받으며, 수상에 설치된 임의의 수상기준점은 풍속, 유속 등 다양한 환경요소의 영향으로 위치가 계속 변화한다. 움직이는 수상기준점의 좌표는 Total Station과 VRS를 이용해 중복 측량하였다. 실험은 김해시 저수지 2곳에서 수행하였으며, 수상기준점을 활용한 수동영상정합 정확도는 각각 40 cm와 80 cm 이다. 해양경계측량의 허용오차가 ${\pm}2m$ 이므로 본 연구 결과는 충분히 활용 가능한 것으로 평가된다. ${\pm}2m$ 이내의 정확도를 확보하기 위한 수상기준점의 최대 위치오차는 1.8 m 이다.

• 인문언어
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• 제6권
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• pp.147-166
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• 2004

Whitehead's discussion of language is not to be found in any one book or article. It is interwoven with his discussion of many other questions. He was, however, greatly concerned with the problem of symbolism in general and the uses of language. He regards language, spoken or written, as an instrument devised by men to aid them in their adjustment to the environment in which they live Language is used for many specific purposes in the process of this adjustment. Words are employed not only to refer to data and to express emotions. They may be used also to record experiences, and thoughts about these experiences. Worts also function as instruments in the organization of experiences as they are considered in retrospect. Thus words free us from the bondage of the immediate. And Whitehead's theory of meaning is implicit in his discussion of the functions of language. According to him, the human mind is functioning symbolically when some components of its experience elicit consciousness, beliefs, emotions, and usages, respecting other components of its experiences. The former set of components are the 'symbols', and the latter set constitute the 'meaning' of the symbols. Whitehead points out that one word may have several meanings, i.e. refer to several different data. In order to understand, thus, the meaning to which a word refers, it is sometimes very important to appreciate the system of thought within which a person is operating. Further, Whitehead's discussion of language includes a number of cogent warning the deficiencies of language, and hence the need for great care in the use of words. In fact, language developed gradually. For the most part we have created words designed to deal with practical problems. Attention focuses on the prominent features in a situation, in particular the changing aspects of things. With reference to such data our words are relatively adequate. However, this issues in an unfortunate superficiality. The enduring, the subtle, the complex and the general aspects of the universe do not have adequate verbal representation. for this reason, Whitehead's position concerning the uses of language in speculative philosophy is stated with pungent directness. The uncritical trust in the adequacy of language is one of the main errors to which philosophy is liable. Since ordinary language does not do justice to the generalities, profundities and complexities of life, it is obvious that philosophy requires new words and phrases, or at least the revision of familiar words and phrases. Proceeding to develop the theme Whitehead contends that words and phrases must be stretched towards a generality foreign to their ordinary usage. In the same vein Whitehead refers to the need to realize that language which is the tool of philosophy needs to be redesigned just as in physical science available physical apparatus needs to be redesigned. But even these words and phrases, stretched or redesigned, are never completely adequate in philosophical speculations. They are, in his opinion, merely a great improvement over ordinary language or the language science, mathematics or symbolic logic.