• 대한간호학회지
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• 제30권2호
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• pp.354-365
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• 2000

Purpose: This study was performed to identify the factors that change exercise behave. This study will also classify and identify the characteristics of excercise stages to which the elderly belong Also, to identify the processes of change which influence on the changes in exercise performed by the elderly. Methods: Convenient samples of 198 subjects over the age 60 in Seoul Korea(mean age=70) were selected from elderly communities and were all mentally conpetant older adults. The data were collected from April 1,1999 to May 30, 1999. The research instruments were measured the change in exercise (Marcus et al., 1992b), such as Stage of Change measure(Marcus et al,1992a). The data were analyzed by SAS Program. Results: 1. According to the measure of change without missing data, 191 subjects were distributed each stage of change for exercise: 50 subjects (26.1%), 7 subjects (3.6%), 52 subjects (27.2%), 4 subjects (2%), and 78 (40.8%) belonged to the precontemplation stage, the contemplation stage, the preparation stage, the action stage and the maintenace stage. 2. According to the factor analysis, 6 factors of change were identified as appropriate processes of change and were named by the researchers. The names were; 'Supportive helping relationship', 'Self cognitive determination', 'Environmental reinforcement', Consciousness raising', Reinforcement of negative condition and 'Conversion of negative condition'. 3. According to the stage of change, there were significant mean differences in the 'Supportive helping relationship(F=22.04, p=.0001)', 'Self cognitive determination (F=50.87, p=.0001)', 'Reinforcement of negative condition(F=7.84,p=.0006)'. 4. Through the discriminant analysis, it was found that Self cognitive determination is the most influential variable as one of the processes of change which can discrimiate the three stages of change (precontemplation, preparation, and maintenance). Also the next significant variable was Reinforcement of negative condition. Conclusion: The process of the dey change is one of concepts of The transtheoretical model known as strategies and the techniques people use as they go through the different stages of change. Even though this study is cross- sectional not longitudinal study, the finding of this study gives useful information for exercise intervention, by using this strategy of exercise for elderly in different stages of change in exercise.

• 지역사회간호학회지
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.63-70
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• 2010

Purpose: This study was to identify the stages of change in smoking cessation behavior and factors associated with the stages of smoking cessation behavior according to the trans-theoretical model. Methods: The subjects were 154 industrial workers working at H Industry in N City, Chonnam Province who were currently smoking and had smoked in the past. Data were analyzed by descriptive statistics, ANOVA, and Duncan's multiple comparison test using SAS Version 10.0. Results: The subjects were distributed among the stages of change in smoking cessation behavior: there were 28 subjects (18.2%) in the precontemplation stage, 71 (46.1%) in the contemplation stage, 21 (13.6%) in the preparation stage, 8 (5.2%) in the action stage, and 26 (16.9%) in the maintenance stage. The amount of smoking per day, self-efficacy, and advantages (pros) of smoking were significantly associated with the stage of change in smoking cessation behavior. Conclusion: This study suggested that the stage of change in smoking cessation behavior of the subject should be identified prior to the application of intervention programs, nursing intervention strategies should be considered to reduce the amount of smoking per day, and the disadvantages of smoking should be perceived.

• 근관절건강학회지
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.46-54
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• 2014

Purpose: This study was designed to explore the stage distribution of subjects according to stages of change for exercise and to identify factors that could discriminate subjects in various stages. Methods: The sample consisted of 182 subjects who had metabolic syndrome. The instruments used in this study were the stage placement instrument for exercise, the metabolic syndrome knowledge and metabolic syndrome health belief scale, and the metabolic syndrome exercise self efficacy scale. Data were analyzed using chi-square, ANOVA, and discriminant analysis by using the SPSS 19.0 program. Results: For exercise stages, exercise efficacy, occupation, and exercise benefit showed high standardized canonical discriminant function coefficients. Subjects in precontemplation/contemplation stage for exercise were more likely to have occupations, had less exercise efficacy and exercise benefit than those in other stage. Conclusion: This study implies that the level of exercise efficacy and exercise benefit of subjects in precontemplation/contemplation stage need to be enhanced in developing exercise program incorporating the stage of change for metabolic syndrome patients.

• 한국간호교육학회지
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.65-74
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• 2015

Purpose: This study was carried outto compare dietary self-efficacy, obesity stress, and obesity-related quality of life (OQOL) according to BMI and stages of change in vegetable consumption. Methods: A convenience sample of 326 nursing students agreed to complete a questionnaire. Data were collected from October 7 to October 18, 2013. Results: Obesity stress and obesity-related quality of life were significantly different according to BMI. Dietary self-efficacy showed a significant difference between the pre-contemplation/contemplation stage, preparation stage, and action/maintenance stage (F=50.18, p<.001). With obesity stress, there was a significant difference between the PC/C, P, and A/M stages (F=17.63, p<.001). Dietary self-efficacy had a positive correlation with OQOL (r=.11, p<.001) and a negative correlation with obesity stress (r=-.14, p=.012). And obesity stress had a negative correlation with OQOL (r=-.45, p<.001). Conclusion: These findings emphasize that nutritional-intervention programs for changes in behavior during the PC/C and P stages of change in vegetable consumption need to develop strategies to enhance dietary self-efficacy for nursing students.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제11권4호
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• pp.340-346
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• 2017

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Despite the importance of consuming sufficient amounts of vegetables, daily vegetable intake among adolescents in Korea is lower than the current dietary recommendation. The objective of this study was to examine determinants affecting vegetable preference in order to suggest a stage-tailored education strategy that can promote vegetable consumption in adolescents. SUBJECTS/METHODS: Adolescents (n = 400, aged 16-17 years) from two high schools participated in a cross-sectional study. Survey variables were vegetable preference, the social cognitive theory (SCT) and stages of change (SOC) constructs. Based on vegetable preference, subjects were classified into two groups: a low-preference group (LPG) and a high-preference group (HPG). SOC was subdivided into pre-action and action/maintenance stages. To compare SCT components and SOC related to vegetable preference, chi-squared and t-tests, along with stepwise multiple-regression analysis, were applied. RESULTS: In the LPG, a similar number of subjects were classified into each stage. Significant differences in self-efficacy, affective attitudes, and vegetable accessibility at home and school were detected among the stages. Subjects in the HPG were mainly at the maintenance stage (81%), and there were significant differences among the stages regarding self-efficacy, affective attitudes, and parenting practice. In the predictions of vegetable preference, self-efficacy and parenting practice had a significant effect in the "pre-action" stage. In the action/maintenance stage, outcome expectation, affective attitudes, and vegetable accessibility at school had significant predictive value. In predicting the vegetable preference for all subjects, 42.8% of the predictive variance was accounted for by affective attitudes, self-efficacy, and vegetable accessibility at school. CONCLUSION: The study revealed that different determinants affect adolescent vegetable preference in each stage. Self-efficacy and affective attitudes are important determinants affecting vegetable preference. Additionally, school-based nutrition intervention that focuses on enhancing affective attitudes, self-efficacy, and vegetable exposure may constitute an effective education strategy for promoting vegetable consumption among adolescents.

• 성인간호학회지
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.483-492
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• 2003

Purpose: The study was performed to identify the process of change, decisional balance and self-efficacy corresponding to the stage of smoking cessation behavior based on Transtheoretical Model in industrial workers. Method: A convenience sample of 146 industrial workers except for the never smokers, were recruited at a H industry in Ulsan. Data were collected from February 1 to 28, 2002. The research instruments were Stages of Change of Smoking Cessation Measure(DiClemente et al, 1991), Process of change(Prochaska, 1988), Smoking Abstinence Self Efficacy (SASE: DiClemente et al, 1985) and Decisional balance(SDB; Kim, 1999). Result: The results of this study were as follows; 1. The subjects were distributed in each stage of smoking cessation change: There were 64 subjects (43.0%) in the precontemplation stage, 35 subjects(23.5%) in the contemplation stage, 28 subjects(18.8%) in the preparation stage, 14 subjects(10.1%) in the action stage and 7 subjects(4.7%) in the maintenance stage. 2. Analysis of variance showed that experiental process(F=2.808, p=.042), behavioral process (F=4.567, p=.004) self-efficacy(F=9.809, p=.000), pros(F=11.107, p=.000), cons(F=6.686, p=.000), pros- cons(F=3.446, p=.018) were significantly associated with the stages of smoking cessation change. 3. Through discriminant analysis, it was found that 'PROS' was the most influential variable in discriminating the four stages of change. Conclusion: This study can provide the basis of staged matching smoking cessation program using TTM for more effective and useful intervention.

• 성인간호학회지
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.391-402
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• 2009

Purpose: This study was conducted to identify predictors of the stage of change for smoking cessation of male university students on the basis of the Transtheoretical model (TTM). Methods: The 388 current smokers or exsmokers who agreed to participate were recruited from three areas in Korea from August 2 to September 5, 2006. Data was analyzed using a SPSS program for descriptive statistics, ANOVA, and multiple logistic regression. Results: Most subjects (76.8%) were current smokers. According to stages of change, there were statistically significant differences in self efficacy, smoking temptation, decisional balance (cons, pros), and processes of change. The predictors of transition from contemplation to preparation were behavioral and experiential processes. The predictors of transition from preparation to action were pros of smoking and experiential process. The predictors of transition from action to maintenance were cons of smoking and behavioral process. Conclusion: Specific nursing interventions based on stages of change need to be developed for smoking cessation of male university students.

• 성인간호학회지
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.592-601
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• 2005

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate differences in smoking related characteristics and psychological features of coronary artery patients by the stages of change in smoking cessation behaviors. Method: Subjects for this survey were 97 patients who were smoking when doctors diagnosed them to have coronary artery diseases. Result: Subjects were distributed 21.6% in precontemplation stage, 24.7% in contemplation stage, 17.5% in preparation stage, 19.6% in action stage, and 16.5% in maintenance stage respectively. The numbers of previous attempts to quit smoking of subjects in precontemplation stage(mean=3.00, SD=3.71) and contemplation stage(mean=2.63, SD=2.32) were significantly lower than that of subjects in preparation stage(mean=5.82, SD=6.20). Benefit scores of subjects in maintenance stage were significantly greater than those of subjects in precontemplation stage. Self-efficacy, barriers, seriousness, and nicotine dependency were not significantly different by the stages of change. Number of signs and symptoms related to smoking which subjects were experiencing were not significant by the stages of change too. Conclusion: Future intervention programs for smoking cessation should be focused on the strategies to enhance the realization of health benefits that patients might acquire from smoking cessation.

• 임상간호연구
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.5-16
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• 2010

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to develop a motivational enhancement therapy (MET) for coronary artery disease (CAD) patients in early stages of health behavior change and evaluate its effects on health motivation, the stages of change, health behaviors, and cardiovascular risk factors. Methods: Using a non-equivalent control pre-post design, the study was conducted on 42 CAD patients who underwent medical treatment or percutaneous coronary interventions in a hospital. The intervention group (n=21) received the MET (MET 1 during admission, MET 2 after discharge via telephone). The control group (n=21) received a standard care. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, ${\chi}^2-test$ and t-test with the SPSS 12.0 program. Results: Participants in the intervention group reported significantly increased scores of health motivation (t=-2.093, p=.043), the stages of change (t=-5.682, p<.001), and health behaviors (t=-3.069, p=.004) and significantly decreased scores of cardiovascular risk factors (t=2.131, p=.039) compared to those of the control group. Conclusion: The findings indicate that the MET is an effective intervention in improving health behaviors and decreasing cardiovascular risk factors for CAD patients.

• 한국산업보건학회지
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• 제29권3호
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• pp.298-309
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• 2019

Objectives: This study aimed to investigate stages of safety and health culture change through a reflection on 40 years of hearing conservation history at a multinational company. Methods: The target workplaces were multinational companies with more than 1,000 employees. The research used the clinical case study and system analysis methods based on direct observation of the research from 1994 to 2009. The latter method performed an analysis of the equilibrium state of the cross-section in the given period and the longitudinal profile of the change during the given period. Results: The stages of cultural change are divided into five stages and summarized as follows. In the first stage, workplace noise was not widely recognized as a hazard, while in the second stage, the measurement of noise levels and audiometric testing were conducted under the Korean Occupational Safety and Health Act (KOSHA). The driving force for change in the second stage was the amendment of the KOSHA. In the third stage, noise came to be recognized as a hazard factor through awareness training. The driving force of change during the third stage was the strong executive power exerted by the audit of the industrial hygiene program from the US head office. In the fourth step, there was a change to actually reduce noise. The driving force in this stage was a change in company executives' risk perception resulting from lawsuits over noise-induced hearing loss and the task force team activities for culture change based on the action learning protocol. At the fifth stage, a 'buy quiet policy' was institutionalized. The management's experience that noise reduction was difficult was the motivation to manage noise from the time of purchase of equipment. Conclusions: The activities of a hearing conservation program are determined by the improvement of the legal system and by the way it is enforced. Noise control activities to reduce noise areas may be possible through the shared risk perception of noise-induced hearing loss and by a change agent role as a facilitator to implement noise control.