• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
• /
• v.24 no.1
• /
• pp.10-17
• /
• 2018

To prepare the integrated safety management system 'e-navigation', research is being conducted on the route exchange for sharing intended routes between ship and ship, and between ship and land. But they don't have enough specific grounds for the effects of route exchange and the necessity of its introduction and focus on technical aspects like the implementation of route exchange. This study tried to quantitatively analyze the effects of route exchange on sailing safety with the use of ship handling simulation, integrate simulation performers' subjective evaluations, and investigate the effects of route exchange. The ship-to-ship route exchange resulted in the initial collision avoidance action time was 3.43 minutes faster, the collision avoidance direction change rate was 60 %, the proximity to target A was 31 %, and Mean Rudder Angle Index decreased by 57 %. In addition, 95 % of the survey respondents had an effect on the decision making of collision avoidance, 85 % had a positive impact on safety navigation, 90 % had an accident prevention effect, 70 % reduced the psychological burden of officers, and 70 % should be introduced in practice.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
• /
• v.32 no.6
• /
• pp.30-40
• /
• 2011

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to determine whether gocho (苦椒) extract mesotherapy can effectively reduce weight and abdominal fat in obese patients. Methods: Forty obese participants were recruited and randomly assigned to two groups. Five participants dropped out voluntarily during the course of the study and four men were excluded from the analysis to avoid gender bias. Results are presented on a total of thirty-one women. Over an eight-week period, the treatment group (n=13) received gocho (苦椒) extract injections (100mcg/3cc) in the abdominal skin, twice per week; the control group (n=18) received normal saline injections (3cc). A mixed lidocaine and prilocaine cream (2.5%/2.5% EMLA cream) was applied before the injection. At baseline and 8 weeks, body weight, body-mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), waist-hip ratio (WHR), abdominal fat, energy expenditure, and questionnaires (eating attitudes and physical activity) were evaluated in both groups. Results: Reductions in body weight (p<0.005), BMI, and WC (p<0.05) were greater in the treatment group. WHR, total fat area, and visceral fat area decreased only in the treatment group (p<0.05). Resting metabolic rate (RMR) change was correlated with weight loss only in the control group (r=-0.498, p<0.05). Before and after the treatment, there were no significant differences between the two groups in questionnaire variables (p>0.05). Conclusion: his study suggests that abdominal gocho (苦椒) extract mesotherapy might be an effective way to promote weight and abdominal fat loss in obese Korean women.

• Current Optics and Photonics
• /
• v.3 no.6
• /
• pp.555-565
• /
• 2019

Development of a biomarker for predicting tumor-treatment efficacy is a matter of great concern, to reduce time, medical expense, and effort in oncology therapy. In a preclinical study, we hypothesized that the blood-flow parameter based on laser speckle flowmetry (LSF) could be a potential indicator to estimate the efficacy of breast-cancer treatment. To verify this hypothesis, a 13762-MAT-B-III rat breast tumor was grown in a dorsal skinfold window chamber applied to a nude mouse, and the change in blood flow rate (BFR) - or the speckle flow index (SFI) is used together as the same meaning in this manuscript - was longitudinally monitored during tumor growth and metronomic cyclophosphamide treatment. Based on the daily LSF angiogram, several BFR parameters (baseline SFI, normalized SFI, and △rBFR) were compared to tumor size in the normal, treated, and untreated tumor groups. Despite the incomplete tumor treatment, we found that the daily changes in all BFR parameters tended to have partially positive correlation with tumor size. Moreover, we observed that the changes in baseline SFI and normalized SFI responded one day earlier than the tumor shrinkage during chemotherapy. However, daily variations in the hypercapnia-induced △rBFR lagged tumor shrinkage by one day. This study would contribute not only to evaluating tumor vascular response to treatment, but also to monitoring blood-flow-mediated diseases (in brain, skin, and retina) by using LSF in preclinical settings.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
• /
• 2005.05b
• /
• pp.1274-1279
• /
• 2005

The complex vegetation and plant species distributions within riparian corridors influence plant species diversity patterns at both local and regional scales and further reflect both natural and anthropogenic disturbances. Because of these characteristics, riparian zones are often the ecosystem level component that are most sensitive to changes of the surrounding environment; they provide early indications of environmental change and can be viewed as the important source in the watershed. The objectives of this study were two concepts: first, document the composition and dominance of plant communities of riparian areas in the stream, second, compare species composition and temporal diversity between stations in riparian areas of the Ian Stream. The flora was composed to total 158 kinds of the vascular plants as 49 family, 54 genera, 145 species, 12 varieties, 1 forma When the naturalized plant were applied to the recent classification system 280 kinds, the naturalization rate was $10.8\% higher than that of mean value($10.3\%$) of the Korean mountain district. Furthermore, urbanization index (UI) was $6.1\%$. The dominant vegetation communities were distributed in the habitats of three compartments from upstream to downstream. The vegetations were included Phragmites japonica, Salix gracilistyla, S. hulteni and Robinia pseudo-acacia in the riparian area, and Persicaria sieboldii, Stellaria alsine var. undulata, Draba nemorosa var. hebecarpa, Capsella bursa-pastoris, Lepidium apetalum, Bidens frondosa, Trigonotis peduncularis and Hemistepta lyrata in the sandbank or the riparian area, and Equisetum arvense, Humulus japonicus, Persicaria perfoliata, Trifolium repens, Artemisia princeps var. orientalis, Lactuca indica var. laciniata, Avena fatua, Agropyron yesoense, Oenothera odorata, Viola mandshurica, Rumex crispus in banksides, respectively.

• Animal Bioscience
• /
• v.37 no.6
• /
• pp.1130-1139
• /
• 2024

Objective: The daily maximum temperature and seawater level continuously increase as global warming continues. We examined the adaptability and production performance of heat-stressed goats with a supply of low-saline drinking water. Methods: Twelve Kacang and Kacang Etawah cross goats were exposed to two climatic conditions (control, 25℃ to 33℃, 83% relative humidity [RH], temperature humidity index [THI]: 76 to 86; and hot environment, 26℃ to 39℃, 81% RH, THI: 77 to 94) and two salt levels in drinking water (0% and 0.4% NaCl). The experimental design was a Latin Square (4×4) with four treatments and four periods (28 days each). Results: Temperature of the rectal, skin, and udder, and respiration rate rose, reached a maximum level on the first day of heat exposures, and then recovered. Plasma sodium rose at 0.4% NaCl level, while the hot environment and salinity treatments increased the drinking water to dry matter (DM) intake ratio. Water excretion was elevated in the hot environment but lowered by the increase in salinity. Total lying time increased, whereas change position frequency decreased in the hot condition. Lying and ruminating and total ruminating time increased and explained the enhanced DM digestibility in the hot conditions. Conclusion: The goats exhibited a high level of plasma sodium as salinity increased, and they demonstrated physiological and behavioral alterations while maintaining their production performances under increasing daily maximum temperatures.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
• /
• v.14 no.1
• /
• pp.305-310
• /
• 2016

Recently as the ultrasonography became generalized, the annual change rate of the incidence of thyroid cancer extraordinarily grew to 24.5% in Korea. Therefore, the aim of this study was performed to identify the risk factors of thyroid cancer apart from conventional risk factors of dietary iodine and ionizing radiation. In this retrospective study, 411 patients underwent fine-needle aspiration biopsy were examined from January 2011 to March 2013. The subjects are divided into two groups which are 260 patients with benign nodule and 151 patients with malignancy nodule. We compared age, hematologic values, body mass index, waist circumference, menopausal status, breast nodules status, uterine myoma status, fatty liver status of targeted group of patients. According to the result, in thyroid cancer group with obesity, the number of case of breast nodules and myoma was higher, and their thyroid stimulating hormone values was higher than the benign nodule group. In order to establish factors influencing thyroid and thyroid cancer, there is a definite need for continuous study.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Gas
• /
• v.11 no.4
• /
• pp.17-22
• /
• 2007

The NOx emission characteristics with oxygen enrichment in non-premixed counterflow flames were investigated numerically. To consider systematically the situation of inevitable $N_2$ contamination by air infiltration in the process of pure-oxygen combustion, the volume ratio of $O_2$ in an oxidizer was changed from 21% to 100%. As a result the NO emission index $(EI_{NO})$ has the highest value under condition of 75% oxygen enrichment. This result can be explained by the change of $N_2$ destruction rate with oxygen enrichment rather than flame temperature, flame thickness and residence time. In particular, it was found that the reaction of N+NO=$N_2+O$ has the largest contribution on NOx production in oxygen-enrichment flames.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
• /
• v.57 no.3
• /
• pp.227-238
• /
• 2024

This study aimed to evaluate the effects of polyethylene microplastic (PE-MPs) via measuring the growth performance, hematological parameters, and antioxidant responses in Korean rockfish Sebastes schlegelii exposed to waterborne polyethylene microplastic with dimensions of 22-71 ㎛. S. schlegelii (mean weight, 34.55±5.82 g; mean length, 12.59±0.79 cm) were exposed to PE-MPs at concentrations of 0, 400, 800, 1,600 and 3,200 ㎍/L for 10 and 20 days. PE-MPs significantly affected growth performance, hematological parameters, plasma components, and antioxidant responses in a concentration-dependent manner. At a concentration ≥1,600 ㎍/L, PE-MPs significantly decreased body weight gain and specific growth rate, and significantly increased the hepatosomatic index. Hematological parameters showed a significant decrease in total red blood cell count and hemoglobin levels. Plasma components showed a significant increase in glucose, aspartate aminotransferase, and alanine transaminase levels, whereas total protein, calcium, and magnesium levels significantly decreased. Exposure to ≥1,600 ㎍/L PE-MPs also induced reactive oxygen species generation in the gill and liver, significantly increasing superoxide dismutase and catalase activity. These findings suggest that exposure to ≥1,600 ㎍/L PE-MPs could significantly change growth performance, hematological parameters, plasma components, and antioxidant responses, resulting in physiological toxicity.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
• /
• v.16 no.5
• /
• pp.185-197
• /
• 2018

The purpose of this study is to analyze the Korean ETF market, which is experiencing a rapid increase in the number of stocks, to identify the degree of investment efficiency and to present investment directions. The methodology and procedure are ETF yield, change trends, correlation and regression analysis of the ETFs traded between 2010 and 2018. As a result, the total return of domestic ETFs was 3.51%, which was lower than the KOSPI growth rate and the return on equity ETFs was 4.03%, which was low. Leverage ETF yields were below 3%, which was low. The return on bond and currency ETFs was less than 1%. The most profitable ETFs were index ETFs, followed by domestic and leveraged ETFs. This study has contributed to establishing considerations when purchasing ETFs from the viewpoint of investors. Future research will present the direction of ETF investment more precisely.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
• /
• v.13 no.7
• /
• pp.432-439
• /
• 2013

In this study, we evaluate the volatility of housing prices by using literature review and empirical analysis and furthermore we suggest how to improve. In order to diagnose housing market, the KB Bank's House Price Index, Real estate 114;s materials were compared. In addition, to examine the volatility, GARCH (Generalized Autoregressive Conditional Heteroskedasticity) and EGARCH (Exponential GARCH) model are used. By analysis of this research, we found the volatility of housing price also was reduced in the medium and the large houses since 1998, while the volatility of small housing price relatively was large. We proved that the price change rate of small housing was higher than the medium's. On the order hand, the supply of small apartments fell down sharply. The short-term oriented policy should be avoided, and the efficiency and credibility of policy should be increased. Furthermore, the long-term policy system should be established. and rental market's improvement is necessary for stabilization of housing market.