• Korean Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Engineering
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• v.16 no.12
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• pp.1117-1125
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• 2004

In this study, in order to utilize the waste heat of industrial wastewater in the range of the relatively low temperature of 40～5$0^{\circ}C$ as a heat source, a hybrid heat pump system was considered by computer simulation method. In the simulation, an absorber, desorber and solution heat exchanger were modelled by UA values while a compressor and pump performance were specified by an isentropic efficiency. Simulation results show that the performance of hybrid heat pump can be up to 80% higher than that of conventional R134a heat pump when it makes a process hot water of 9$0^{\circ}C$ while the wastewater is cooled down to 2$0^{\circ}C$. As the absorber pressure increases, the system performance and deserter pressure increase with a favorable effect of a compressor discharge gas temperature drop.

• Proceedings of the SAREK Conference
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• 2006.06a
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• pp.215-220
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• 2006

Along with socioeconomic development and improving standard of living, the heat demand for heating and cooling in residential and commercial sectors is expected to expand rapidly, reaching over 43 million TOE by 2010 in Korea(about 80% increase compared with that in 1995). Since most of this heat demand is loop temperature below $60^{\circ}C$, the utilization of 'unused energy' is surely one of very effective measures to both environmental preservation and energy conservation. 'Unused energy' in this paper is implicated as 'temperature differential energy' available from treated sewage water, useful and abundant heat source for heat pump(cooler in summer and warmer in winter than outside air). An analysis was carried out to estimate the energy potential of treated sewage water for heat pump heat source. Some analysis were taken to study the characteristics of a heat pump system using the treated sewage water as heat source.

• Environmental Analysis Health and Toxicology
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.241-249
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• 2009

Heavy metal contaminants on the aquatic environment are of interest because they can have severe effects on economy and public health. Recently, the studies for monitoring of heavy metals try to do on aquatic system to assess safety and health of ecosystem by heavy metals. Thus, biological responses were investigated on Korean fairy shrimp Branchinella kugenumaensis exposed to cadmium (Cd) or copper (Cu) for long-periods (30 days). The survival rate decreased significantly (p<0.05) on B. kugenumaensis exposed to Cd and Cu at all concentrations. Especially, the highest decrease was observed at the relatively high concentration of Cd and Cu (p<0.01) and the response by Cd exposure was at dose-dependent. The growth rates were also decreased significantly (p<0.05) on B. kugenumaensis exposed to Cd and Cu for at all concentrations. Then, the reproduction rate, numbering cyst, was decreased significantly (p<0.01) on B. kugenumaensis after Cd or Cu exposures. Long exposure of the relatively high concentration Cd and Cu can have severe effects on the reproduction, while exposures of Cd and Cu can not have effects on sex ratios of B. kugenumaensis. Additionally, asymmetric telson deformity was only observed after Cd exposure. Therefore, these results suggest that B. kugenumaensis is a sensitive bio-indicator of heavy metal exposure and these biological responses of B. kugenumaensis give important information for long-term monitoring on aquatic ecosystem.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2011.05a
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• pp.94-94
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• 2011

최근에 산악지역에서의 국지성 강우에 의한 사고 발생이 증가하고 있고, 2009년에는 북한의 무단 댐방류로 인해 인명피해가 발생함에 따라서 산악이나 북한 지역과 같은 지역의 모니터링이 필요하게 되었으며, 강수량의 기후학적 분포의 특성과 같은 장기적인 강수량 정보가 필요하게 되었다. 레이더는 넓은 영역에 대해서 시 공간적으로 고해상도의 자료를 제공할 수 있기 때문에 국지 규모의 단시간 강수량 정보를 제공하는데 유용하다. 국립기상연구소(National Institute of Meteorological Research; NIMR)는 기존의 층운형 Z-R 관계식(Z=$200R^{1.6}$, Marshall-Palmer, 1948)을 이용한 레이더 강우강도 산출에서 과소추정 문제를 개선하기 위해 레이더-AWS 강우강도(Radar-AWS Rain rate; RAR) 산출 시스템을 개발하여 현재 운영하고 있다. RAR 산출 알고리즘은 각 레이더에 대해서 레이더 강우강도와 지상 AWS 우량계 자료를 비교하여 실시간으로 Z-R 관계식을 산출하여, 레이더 반사도를 강우강도로 변환하고, 이를 합성하여 한반도 영역에 대해서 강우강도 정보를 제공한다. 2010년에는 RAR 자료와 지상 AWS 우량계 자료를 이용하여 레이더-AWS 누적강수량을 산출하는 시스템을 구축하였으며, 현재 시험운영 중에 있다. 본 연구에서는 레이더-AWS 누적강수량의 정확도를 평가하기 위해서 2009년에 대해 레이더-AWS 누적강수량 자료와 지상 AWS 누적강수량 자료에 대해 RMSE, Bias 등의 통계값을 산출하였으며, 북한 지역에 대한 적용가능성을 분석하기 위해서 레이더 관측 반경 내의 북한 지역의 GTS 지점 자료를 이용하여 사례 분석하였다. 본 연구는 레이더 자료를 이용한 지상 관측 공백지역의 강수량에 대한 모니터링을 통하여 이러한 지역의 사고에 대비할 수 있고, 기후학적인 강수량 정보 제공 및 향후 유역별 레이더 면적강수지도 시험판 개발을 통하여 수문 기상 분야에 적용하여 효과적인 물관리에 기여할 수 있을 것으로 사료된다.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.31 no.6
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• pp.539-543
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• 2014

Vaginal tumors are the second most common types of tumor in canine female reproductive tract, and most of these tumor are diagnosed as leiomyoma. These tumors are categorized by intraluminal or extraluminal form, and tend to develop as hormone dependent manner. In this report, we describe two cases of extra-luminal form of vaginal tumor. Both tumors were located in abdominal cavity, and adhered to entire surrounding internal organs, including urinary bladder, rectum, and particularly a part of ureter. Surgical excision was performed via laparotomy without damage to the surrounding internal organs and ovariohysterectomy, as well. A diagnosis of vaginal leiomyoma was established based on histopathology.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.399-408
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• 1998

Purpose : This study was designed to demonstrate the potential therapeutic advantage of 3-dimensional (3-D) treatment planning over the conventional 2-dimensional (2-D) approach in patients with carcinoma of the nasopharynx. Materials and Methods : The two techniques were compared both qualitatively and quantitatively for the boost portion of the treatment (19.8 Gy of a total 70.2 Gy treatment schedule) in patient with T4. The comparisons between 2-D and 3-D plans were made using dose statistics, dose-volume histogram, tumor control probabilities, and normal tissue complication probabilities. Results : The 3-D treatment planning improved the dose homogeneity in the planning target volume. In addition, it caused the mean dose of the planning target volume to increase by 15.2$\%$ over 2-D planning. The mean dose to normal structures such as the temporal lobe, brain stem, parotid gland, and temporomandibular joint was reduced with the 3-D plan. The probability of tumor control was increased by 6$\%$ with 3-D treatment planning compared to the 2-D planning, while the probability of normal tissue complication was reduced. Conclusion : This study demonstrated the potential advantage of increasing the tumor control by using 3-D planning. but prospective studies are required to define the true clinical benefit.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Manufacturing Process Engineers
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• v.13 no.5
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• pp.21-27
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• 2014

Currently, wind power has become a major research field in the area of sustainable development. As one important component of a wind turbine transmission system, most instances of downtime due to a gearbox failure are caused by bearing failures. Gearboxes for wind turbines must have the highest levels of reliability over a period of approximately 20 years, withstanding high dynamic loads. At the same time, a lightweight design and cost minimization efforts are required. These demands can only be met with a well-thought-out design, high-quality materials, a high production quality and proper maintenance. In order to design a reliable and lightweight gearbox, it is necessary to analyze methods pertaining to the bearing rating lifetimes of the standard and of different companies, also including calculation methods for modification factors. This can determine the influence of the bearing lifetime.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea SD
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• v.48 no.11
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• pp.34-40
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• 2011

This paper presents a low-dropout (LDO) linear regulator using ultra-low output impedance buffer for frequency compensation. The proposed buffer achieves ultra low output impedance with dual shunt feedback loops, which makes it possible to improve load and line regulations as well as frequency compensation for low voltage applications. A reference control scheme for programmable output voltage of the LDO linear regulator is presented. The designed LDO linear regulator works under the input voltage of 2.5~4.5V and provides up to 300mA load current for an output voltage range of 0.6~3.3V.

• Journal of Korean Foot and Ankle Society
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.123-129
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• 2007

Purpose: The aim of this study was to analyze radiological change of Kager's triangle in patients with retrocalcaneal disorders. Materials and Methods: Areas of Kager's triangle and calcaneus were calculated with Heron's Formula. Average of area ratio (area of Kager's triangle / area of calcaneus) was calculated for comparison and analysis, according to disease activity and aging process. One-tailed Z-test was done with the average of area ratio. Results: Average of area ratio (area of Kager's trianlge / area of calcaneous) tends to decrease according to aging process and disease existence. Conclusion: Because area of Kager's triangle in patients with retrocalcaneal disorders tends to change according to disease activity and aging process, we should consider clinical correlation between the anatomical structure of Kager's triangle and retrocalcaneal symptoms.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Electromagnetic Engineering and Science
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• v.17 no.6 s.109
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• pp.511-518
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• 2006

In this paper, a small RFID tag antenna in UHF band which has bandwidth-enhanced characteristic is proposed. The shape of the proposed antenna is a meander antenna to have size-reduced characteristic, and it consists of two radiators which make dual resonance in adjacent frequency to enhance bandwidth. By adjusting length and location of each radiator, the proposed antenna can make dual resonance at arbitrary location on the Smith chart, which is able to make impedance matching with RFID tag chip in wide frequency range. And it is apparent that the proposed antenna can have bandwidth-enhanced characteristic according to the simulated and measured results.