• Journal of Practical Agriculture & Fisheries Research
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.49-58
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• 2019

This study aimed to determine of water quantity in pot for water flooding culture of Pinus thunbergii Parl., Chaenomeles japonica Lindl. ex Spach and Osmanthus fragrans Lour. The survival rate of P. thunbergii Parl. and C. japonica Lindl. ex Spach in the water quantity in pot 60% or 40% was 100% and the rate of O. fragrans Lour. in the 60% or 40% water was 90.0% or 93.3%. However the survival rate of the 100% water was less than 90% in P. thunbergii Parl, C. japonica Lindl. ex Spach and less than 60% was in O. fragrans Lour. The increasing rate of plant height for P. thunbergii Parl. in the water quantity in pot 40% or 60% was above 50%, and the C. japonica Lindl. ex Spach or O. fragrans Lour. was above 90%. However the increasing rate of plant height in the water 100% was less then the others as a 38.2%, 65.4% or 66.7% in respectively in P. thunbergii Parl., C. japonica Lindl. ex Spach and O. fragrans Lour. The increasing rate for leaf number for P. thunbergii Parl. in the water quantity 40% or 60% was above 80%, and the C. japonica Lindl. ex Spach or O. fragrans Lour. was above 70%, however the 100% water was below 60% in all treatment. Therefore, the survival rates in some woody plants of the 40% or 60% water in the pot was above 90% and the plant growth of plant height, plant width, leaf number or fresh weight was proper increased. But the survival rates and growth of the 100% water in the pot was decreased

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Plant Pathology Conference
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• 2003.10a
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• pp.134.1-134
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• 2003

Aecial host ranges of four Gymnosporangium species causing cedar-apple rust diseases, G. asiaticum, G. cornutum, 5. japonicum and G. yamadae, were investigated through artificial inoculation. Thirteen species of nine genera among Rosaceous plants, which have been reported as social hosts in Korea, were inoculated with fresh teliospores spores in early days of May of 2000 and of 2001, respectively. In the results, we re-confirmed that there was highly specific relationship between the rust species and aecial hosts and report new aecial hosts of four Gymnosporangium species. Teliospores of G. cornutum collected from Juniperus rigida successively produced spermogonia and aecia only on Sorbus alntifolia, the first report on host alteration of G. cornutum in Korea. Positive responses by teliospores of G. japonicum from J. chinenis of Suwon and from J. chinenis var. horizontalis of Jeju island were obtained only on P. villosa. Crataegus pinnatifida was confirmed as a new aecial host of G. viatium. Until this time, G. ymadae was believed to have Malus as the aecial host. However, teliospores of G. yamadae collected from J. chinensis var. kaizuka successively formed spermogonia and aecia on the leaves of Chaenomeles lagenaria, C. sinensis, Pyrus pyrtifolia var, culta, P. ussuriensis, Malus pumila and M. sileboldii. The date for maturation of spermogonia and aecia, and symptom development varied according to the rust fungi and aecial host plants, respectively.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.300-306
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• 2002

141 methanol extracts from 125 plant species which populate in Korea were screened for antimicrobial activity against various food-borne pathogens and food spoilage microorganisms. Those plants were selected from 3 different plant groups: traditional herbs, edible plants and flowers. The methanol extracts were tested by using the disk diffusion assay against five bacteria: Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Enterobacter aerogenes, Escherichia coli. From the evaluation of the inhibition zone diameter of microbial growth, the most significant antimicrobial activity against Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus auresus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Enterobacter aerogenes, Escherichia coli was observed from the extract of Schizandra chinensis (Turcz.) Baill., Rheum officinale Baill., Schizandra chinensis (Turcz.) Baill., Koelreuteria paniculata Lax and Crataegus pinnatifida Bunge, respectively. The extract from many plants - Koelreuteria paniculata Lax, Chaenomeles sinensis Koehne, Scutellaria bacicalensis Georgi, Castanea crenata Sieb. et Zucc., Rosa centifolia L., Allium fistulosum L. var. giganteum Makino, Crataegus pinnatifida Bunge, Schizandra chinensis (Turcz.) Baill., Lonicera japonica - showed antimicrobial activity all four tested bacteria.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.15 no.5
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• pp.924-929
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• 2005

Boiled-water extracts from 101 Korean medicinal plants were tested in vitro for their inhibitory activity against influenza virus type A by means of a modified hemagglutination inhibition test. Thirteen of the 101 extracts exhibited strong anti-influenza virus type A activity at concentrations of less than $780\;{\mu}g/ml$. Out of the above 13 extracts, MW-40 (Chaenomeles speciosa), MW-88 (Citrus junos), and MW-100 (Zingiber officinale) exhibited marked antiviral activity in the concentration range of $0.195\;{\mu}g/ml$ to 100 mg/ml, $0.0487\;{\mu}g/ml$ to 100 mg/ml, and $0.0487\;{\mu}g/ml$ to 100 mg/ml, respectively. The extracts MW-88 and MW-100 were not cytotoxic to red blood cells, whereas MW-40 showed very weak cytotoxicity in the concentration range of 50 mg/ml to 100 mg/ml. Therefore, the present results demonstrate that boiled water extracts of 2 Korean medicinal plants, MW-88 and MW-100, have strong anti-influenza virus type A activity and no cytotoxic effects, and they may inhibit attachment of the virus to the cell and may be used for prophylaxis.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.83-87
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• 1990

In terms of regulatory toxicology, especially for the traditional Chinese medicines, problems can be arise from a fact that there is no distinctive barrier between herbal drugs and food/beverage. An example is that many kinds of Chinese herbal materials have been also used as tea materials in Korea, China, Japan and Vietnam. Sixteen tea materials (also used as herbal materials) were extracted with 70% ethanol and the extract further partitioned with chloroform and water. Those ethanol extract and fractions were subjected to the SOS-Chromotest to examine potential mutagenicity. It was found that ethanol extract of Chaenomelis Fructus (Chaenomeles japonica Lindley, 木瓜, Rosaceae) and both ethanol extract and water fraction of Cassiae Semen (Cassia tora Linne, 決明子, Leguminosae) showed relatively high mutagenic activities in SOS-Chromotest.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.786-793
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• 1999

To investigate the effects of medicinal plants on the shelf life of kakdugi, various kakdugies, added with hot water extract from 62 natural plants, were fermented at 20oC for 15 days. In case of control without the addition, the shelf life required to reach the acidity of 1%(as lactic acid) was 7 days. Morethan two fold extension of shelf life was observed with twenty seven extracts, of which six extracts maintained the hardness of kakdugi higher than that of control over the entire fermentation time. And the number of lactic acid bacteria in above kakdugies was not remarkably different from that of control, and the color(a value) of the liquid of kakdugi, added with Chaenomeles lagenaria, Moringa oleifera, Peaonia lactiflora or Citrus tangerina extract, was similar to that of control. In sensory test, the extracts from the above plants except Moringa oleifera were found to be acceptable. It is suggested that the addition of above three extracts may lead to extension of shelf life of kakdugi, based on the acidity, hardness, color and sensory test.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.76 no.1
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• pp.27-32
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• 1987

Stomatal morphological characteristics (shape, density and length) were investigated for 8 ornamental woody species growing in the campus of Sangji College on Usandong, Wonju, Kangwondo. Stomata of Forsythia koreana, Syringa dialata, Zedkova serrata and Chaenomeles sinensis were classified as irregular-celled type (anomocytic), those of Vibrunum sargentii, Liriodendron tulipifera and Magnolia kobus as parallel-celled type (paracytic). For Forsythia koreana, stomatal length was not greatly changed as the leaf blade, growing larger. Number of stomata per unit leaf area was decreased, but number of stomata per single leaf was increased as the leaf blade, growing larger. For Taxus cuspidata, stomatal length was increased, but number of stomata per unit needle area was decreased as the needle, growing larger.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.78 no.1
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• pp.26-29
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• 1989

To seek for a proper pretreatment method for increasing field germination rate, field germination rate of 5 tree species including Phellodendron amurense was investigated and was compared among pretreatment methods. The results obtained in this study were as follows ; 1. Field germination rates of Poncirus trifoliata and Fraxinus rhynchophylla among pretreatment methods were significantly different at 1% level, and that of Phellodendron amurense among pretreatment methods were significantly different at 5% level. In thses species, highest field germination rate was observed on the plot of cold moist stratification under the ground (Nochunmaejang ; during 166 days). 2. Field germination rates of Chaenomeles sinensis among pretreatment methods were significantly different at 1% level, and highest field germination rate was observed on the plot of cold moist stratification in the refrigerator (during 110days). 3. Field germination rates of Cudrania tricuspidata among pretreatment methods were not significantly different at 5% level.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.21 no.11
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• pp.1307-1320
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• 2012

The purpose of this paper is to provide information on planting construction for healthy plant growth. To achieve this purpose, this study analyzed the planting type, planting density, withering rate, soil characteristics, and cambium electrical resistance (CER) of withered trees in an apartment complex with a high withering rate. The major plant groups examined consisted of native broad-leaved tree species (39.3%), native narrow-leaved tree species (24.2%), and native broad-leaved - exotic narrow-leaved tree species (16.4%). The planting density of the green area, where trees were planted from 0.0 to 0.3 trees per unit area, was measured as 98.4%. Withered trees were found in 19 of the 20 planted species, and the withering rate was 41.8% (610 withered/1,461 planted). Withering rates for tree species were measured as follows: Sophora japonica and Salix babylonica (100.0%), Magmolia denudata (84.3%), Lindera obtusiloba (74.7%), cornus kousa (69.3%), acer triflorum (69.2%), diospyros kaki (66.7%), Prunus yedoensis (62.8%), Acer palmatum (52.6%), Prunus armeniaca (51.1%), Chaenomeles sinensis (43.7%), Ginkgo biloba (40.9%), Zelkova serrata (31.0%), Cornus officinalis (28.6%), Taxus cuspidata (25.6%), Pinus densiflora (21.4%), Pinus parviflora (15.2%), Pinus strobus (14.6%), and Abies holophylla (10.3%). Soil chemical analyses for 18 samples revealed that as the withering rate increased, the following occurred: (a) the ratio of silt and clay in soil increased; (b) the soil pH, organic matter rate, nitrogen, available phosphorus, and cation exchange capacity (CEC) in samples were graded as "inadequate," based on the plant grading evaluation; and (c) the NaCl and cation exchange capacity were evaluated as "somewhat satisfactory." The measurement of CER for withering rate shows electrical resistance for higher withering rate are higher, which could predict that a tree will not grow well.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.16-23
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• 2011

This study was conducted to investigate the anti-inflammatory effects of Pruns mume, Schisandra chinensis, Chaenomeles sinensis-- Prunus mume mixtrue (PM) treatment on colitis induced in mice by dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) treatment. A total of 25 male BALB/c mice (average weight $20.7\;{\pm}\; 1.6 \;g$) were divided into 5 treatment groups and fed a commercial diet (A), PM administration (B), commercial diet + induced colitis by DSS (C), PM administration + induced colitis by DSS (D) and sulfasalazine + induced colitis by DSS (E). We found that PM treatment (D) and sulfasalazine (E) decreased the expression of $TNF-{\alpha}$ and COX-2 compared to the DSS-induced colitis group (C). The expression of IL-4, STAT6, $IFN-{\gamma}$, STAT1 was decreased in group D and group E compared to the colitis group (C), COX-2 and STAT1 were more decreased in group D. The serum IgE levels decreased in the PM treatment groups (C and D) compared to the non-PM treatment groups (A and B) although there was no significant difference between the PM treatment groups. It is notable that a therapeutic application of the PM extracts ameliorated DSS-induced colitis in mice.