• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제18권5호
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• pp.1404-1409
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• 2004

Cheonmabanhwa-Tang(CBT) has been used in the Oriental Medicine for many centuries as a therapeutic agent for dizziness due to Poong-Dam. This Study was designed to investigate the mechanism of Prescription on cerebral hemodynamics [regional cerebral blood flow(rCBF) and pial arterial diameter(PAD)J in cerebral ischemia rats, The results in cerebral ischemic rats were as follows: Both rCBF and PAD were significantly and stably increased by CBT (10 ㎎/㎏, i.p.) during the period of cerebral reperfusion, which contrasted with the findings of rapid and marked increase in control group. Pretreatment with indomethacin(1 ㎎/㎏, i.p.), an inhibitor of cyclooxygenase significantly but unstably increased the CBT-induced increases in PAD as well as rCBF during the period of cerebral reperfusion. Pretreatment with methylene blue(10 (.1.㎍/㎏, i.p.), an inhibitor of guanylate cyclase significantly but unstably increased the CBT-induced increases in PAD as well as rCBF during 150 minutes of cerebral reperfusion, but decreased stably the CBT-induced increases in rCBF and PAD after 180 minutes of cerebral reperfusion. In conclusion, the present authors thought that CBT caused effect on cerebral hemodynamics via mediation of cyclooxygenase.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제27권2호
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• pp.173-182
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• 2013

This Study was designed to investigate the effects of Sibjeondaebo-tang (SDT) and Gamy-Sibjeondaebo-tang (GST, Sibjeondaebo-tang adding Cervi Pantotrichum Cornu) on the improvement in regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) and mean arterial blood pressure (MABP) in normal rats, and in the rats with cerebral ischemia induced by middle cerebral artery occlusion, and further to determine the mechanisms. And, It was to investigate the effects of the SDT and GST with the change of histologic examination through the BDNF in the hippocampus CA1. In changes of cerebral hemodynamics, SDT and GST significantly increased rCBF in a dose-dependent manner but decreased MABP in normal rats. In mechanism of cerebral hemodynamics, Increase of GST-induced rCBF was significantly inhibited by pretreatment with methylene blue (0.01 mg/kg, i.p.), an inhibitor of guanylate cyclase, and Decrease of GST-induced MABP was significantly increased by pretreatment with methylene. These results suggested that the action of GST was mediated by guantlate cyclase pathway. In cerebral ischemics, the rCBF was stably improved by SDT (10 mg/kg, i.p.) significantly and stably increased by GST (10 mg/kg, i.p.) during the period of cerebral reperfusion, which contrast with the findings of rapid and marked increase in Control group. These results suggested that GST had anti-ischemic action in cerebral ischemic state. In histological examination through TTC stain, Sample A group and Sample B group decreased discoloration in the cortical part at $28^{th}$ day after MCAO induction. In immunohistochemistric response of BDNF, Sample A group and Sample B group increased respondent effect at $28^{th}$ day after MCAO induction. These results suggest that GST can Increase rCBF in normal state, as well as improve the stability of rCBF in cerebral ischemic state. Furthermore, methylene blue inhibitor study suggested the mechanism of blood flow enhancement by GST may be mediated by guanylate cyclase pathway.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.321-327
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• 2008

This study evaluated neuroprotective effects of Yanggyuksanhwa-tang (YST) on global cerebral ischemia of diabetic rats. On primary experiment, diabetic condition in rats was induced by streptozotocin injection. Secondarily, global cerebral ischemia was induced by bilateral occlusion of the common carotid artery with hypotension (BCAO) under the diabetic condition. Then neuroprotective effect of YST was observed with changes of neuronal c-Fos and Bax expressions, and GFAP expression in the brain tissues by using immunohistochemistry. YST treatment was resulted significant decrease of c-Fos expression in CA1 hippocampus induced by BCAO on diabetic rats. YST treatment was resulted significant decrease of Bax expression in CA1 hippocampus induced by BCAO on diabetic rats. YST treatment was resulted significant decrease of c-Fos expression in cerebral cortex and caudoputamen induced by BCAO on diabetic rats. YST treatment was resulted significant decrease of GFAP expression in cerebral cortex induced by BCAO on diabetic rats. These results suggest that YST has effects on neuroprotection against cerebral ischemic damage under diabetic condition. And it is supposed that neuroprotective effect of YST reveals by anti-apoptosis mechanism.

• 한국응용약물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국응용약물학회 1995년도 춘계학술대회
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• pp.38-40
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• 1995

There have reports suggested that cerebral blood flow (CBF) has decreased in patients with both senile dementia of the Alzheimer's type and multi-infarct dementia, which are characterized by marked cognitive impairments. In addition, recent studies have demonstrated that decrease of CBF precedes the onset of multi-infarct dementia. These findings further suggest that chronic reduction of CBF may play an important role in the formation and progression of cerebral vascular dementia. Although transient cerebral ischemia, based upon vascular “reperfusion”, is apparently not paralleling the clinical condition, the transient cerebral ischemia model is one of the major methods investigated and the other is the cerebral embolism operation. Cognitive impairment and neuronal damages have been fully studied using these transient and/or embolic ischemia models. There are, however, few investigations focused the attention on the influence of chronic decrease of CBF on cognitive processes. In the present study, we have chosen a chronic ischemic model which is produced by permanent occlusion of bilateral common carotid arteries (2VO) in rats to investigate the neuronal damage and cognitive deficits through radial maze performance. We investigated furtherly the effects of tetramethylpyrazine (TMP), a constituent isolated from Ligusticum Chuanxiong on such a model.

• 대한본초학회지
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.75-81
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• 2005

Objectives : In brain disorders such as ischemic stroke, the final outcome depends largely on the duration and the degree of the ischemia as well as the susceptibility of various cell types in the affected brain region. In the present study, the effects of Nodus Nelumbinis Rhizomatis Extract(NNRe) were tested for the anti-oxidative action of rCBF. Methods : Regional cerebral blood flow(rCBF) were determined by LDF methods. LDF allows for real time, noninvasive, continuous recordings of local CBF. The LDF method has been widely used to trace hemodynamic changes in the superficial or the deep brain structures in experimental stroke research. Results : NNRe treatment showed no change on rCBF in methylene blue, ODQ and L-NNA pretreated rats. 120 minutes of MCAO and followed reperfusion, 0.1% concentration of NNR treatment improved the altered cerebral hemodynamics of cerebral ischemic by increasing rCBF. Conclusions : The ischemia/reperfusion induced oxidative stress may have contributed to cerebral damage in rats, and the present study provides clear evidences for the beneficial effect of NNR on ischemia/reperfusion induced brain injury.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제21권6호
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• pp.1411-1414
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• 2007

According to the report of Korea National Statistical Office in 2007, cerebral vascular disease is second cause of deaths in Korean. Cerebral ischemia is one of the main reason of cerebral vascular diseases. To evaluate the neuroprotective effect of heyneanol A against cerebral ischemia, we used the middle cerebral artery occlusion model (MCAO). Heyneanol A from root of vitis amurensis Rup is a tetramer of resveratrol as known anti-oxidant and anti-cancer agent. Although the effects of resveratrol in the various fields have been well established, little is known of the effects of heyneanol A. In this study, heyneanol A reduced infarction and edema volume by 33.5% and 57% compared with control groups (vehicle), respectively. Also, neurological score was decreased by heyneanol A. It's effects were more potent than resveratol. Taken together, these results exerted that heyneanol A has a neuroprotective effect against cerebral ischemia.

• 대한한방내과학회지
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.127-134
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• 2001

The purpose of this investigation is to evaluate the effects of Samwha-tang(三化湯) Extracts on reversible forebrain ischemia experimentally induced from the occlusion of middle cerebral artery. The volume of cerebral ischemia, the volume of cerebral edema, and the change of pyramidal neuron of the CA1 area in hippocampus through light microscopy were investigated. we obtained the following results. The volume of the control group, which had ischemic damage was 21%, and the volume of the sample group, which had ischemic damage, was 16%. The ratio of the volume of the right/left hemisphere was 117.2 in the control group, and 108.8 in the sample group. Also, the light microscopy revealed that the pyramidal cells of CA1 area in hippocampus had many damages like changes into discontinuous and unsystematic forms. But, in the sample group, the cells were less damaged compared with the control group.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• 제63권2호
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• pp.163-170
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• 2020

Objective : Milk fat globule-epidermal growth factor VIII (MFG-E8) may play a key role in inflammatory responses and has the potential to function as a neuroprotective agent for ameliorating brain injury in cerebral infarction. This study aimed to determine the role of MFG-E8 in brain injury in the subacute phase of cerebral ischemia in a rat model. Methods : Focal cerebral ischemia was induced in rats by occluding the middle cerebral artery with the modified intraluminal filament technique. Twenty-four hours after ischemia induction, rats were randomly assigned to two groups and treated with either recombinant human MFG-E8 or saline. Functional outcomes were assessed using the modified Neurological Severity Score (mNSS), and infarct volumes were evaluated using histology. Anti-inflammation, angiogenesis, and neurogenesis were assessed using immunohistochemistry with antibodies against ionized calcium-binding adapter molecule 1 (Iba-1), rat endothelial cell antigen-1 (RECA-1), and bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU)/doublecortin (DCX), respectively. Results : Our results showed that intravenous MFG-E8 treatment did not reduce the infarct volume; however, the mNSS test revealed that neurobehavioral deficits were significantly improved in the MFG-E8-treated group than in the vehicle group. Immunofluorescence staining revealed a significantly lower number of Iba-1-positive cells and higher number of RECA-1 in the periinfarcted brain region, and significantly higher numbers of BrdU- and DCX-positive cells in the subventricular zone in the MFG-E8-treated group than in the vehicle group. Conclusion : Our findings suggest that MFG-E8 improves neurological function by suppressing inflammation and enhancing angiogenesis and neuronal proliferation in the subacute phase of cerebral infarction.

• 동국한의학연구소논문집
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.107-116
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• 1999

이 실험의 목적은 소속명탕(小續命湯)에 대하여 KCN(potassium cyanide)으로 유발된 혼수시간과 생존시간을 측정하여 전뇌허혈(全腦虛血)에 미치는 영향을 관찰하고, 또한 MCA occlusion 유발시 뇌부종율(腦浮腫率)과 뇌허혈면적(腦虛血面積)을 측정하여 국소뇌허혈(局所腦虛血)에 미치는 영향을 실험연구하였다. 1. 전뇌허혈 유발실험에서 유의성있는 KCN 유발 혼수시간의 단축, 치사량의 KCN에 대한 생존시간의 연장 효과가 나타났다. 2. 국소 뇌허혈 유발실험(MCA occlusion)에 미치는 효과에서는 뇌허혈면적과 뇌부종율이 대조군에 비하여 유의성있게 감소하였다.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• 제5권3호
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• pp.205-212
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• 2001

It has been proposed that nitirc oxide is involved in the pathogenesis of cerebral ischemia-reperfusion. Because superoxide production is also enhanced during reperfusion, the cytotoxic oxidant peroxynitrite could be formed, but it is not known if this occurs following global forebrain ischemia-reperfusion. We examined whether peroxynitrite generation is increased in the vulnerable regions after forebrain ischemia-reperfusion. Transient forebrain ischemia was produced in the conscious rat by four-vessel occlusion. Rats were subjected to 10 or 15 min of forebrain ischemia. Immunohistochemical method was used to detect 3-nitrotyrosine, a marker of peroxynitrite production. 3-Nitrotyrosine immunoreactivity was enhanced in the hippocampal CA1 area 3 days after reperfusion. Furthermore, in rats subjected to ischemia for 15 min, this change was also observed in the lateral striatal region and the lateral septal nucleus $2{\sim}3$ days after reperfusion. The cresyl violet staining of adjacent sections showed that neuronal cell death was induced in parallel with the nitrotyrosine immunoreactivity in the hippocampal CA1 area and the lateral striatal region. Our findings suggest that oxygen free radical accumulation and consequent peroxynitrite production play a role in neuronal death caused by cerebral ischemia-reperfusion.