• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.153-166
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• 1999

SAENGMAEGSAN(SMS) has been used in oriental medicine for many years as a therapeutic agent for cerebral disease. The effect of SMS on the vascular system is not known. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of SMS on blood pressure, regio-nal cerebral blood flow(rCBF). 1. Blood pressure did not change by SMS in rats. 2. rCBF was increased by SMS in a dose-dependent manner. 3. Pretreatment with propranolol. methylene blue and indomethacin significantly inhibited SMS induced increase in rCBF. These results suggest that SMS causes a diverse response of blood pressure, regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) and pial arterial diameter. The increase in rCBF is also mediated by prostaglandins. cyclic GMP and adrenergic ${\beta}$receptor.

• Current Optics and Photonics
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• v.1 no.5
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• pp.433-439
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• 2017

The rodent model has been used frequently to understand stroke pathophysiology, due to its low cost and the large spectrum of genetic strains available. Here, we present a diffuse speckle contrast analysis system (DSCA) with a $1{\times}2$ optical switch that was used to non-invasively assess cerebral blood flow (CBF) changes in the rat during intraluminal suturing for middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) surgery. The blood flow index (BFI) in the left hemisphere was lower than that in the right hemisphere because the left middle cerebral artery was occluded. Furthermore, the performance of the DSCA system was compared with that of commercial laser Doppler flowmetry. The changes in the BFI measured by the two systems were correlated strongly. The DSCA system was less sensitive to motion artifacts and able to measure relatively deep tissue flow in the rat's brain. In conclusion, the DSCA system secured CBF monitoring during surgery in a rodent model without craniotomy.

• Journal of Oriental Neuropsychiatry
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.173-180
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• 2004

Objectives : The purpose of this study is to investigate the change of cerebral blood flow velocity by different types of suggestion in normal subject. Methods : Suggestion of ascending qi inducement and descending qi inducement which were recomposed from autogenic training, was operated on 60 normal subjects individually. Then cerebral blood flow velocity was examined by Transcranial doppler ultrasonography(TCD) each 5 minutes before and after suggestion. Results : The result shows that cerebral blood flow(CBF) velocity was increased significantly in suggestion of ascending qi inducement and CBF velocity was decreased significally after 1 minute in suggestion of descending qi inducement. Conclusion : Suggestion could have affected to CBF velocity, and also different types of suggestion could have affected to the change of brain blood flow. Various clinical studies should be completed on patients in the future.

• Korean Journal of Adult Nursing
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.171-180
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• 2014

Purpose: This study was to investigate the effects of upper meridian massage on cerebral blood flow, emotions, and sleep of the institutionalized elderly. Methods: This study was a nonequivalent control group pre- and post-test design. The participants were 50 elderly (26 in the experimental group; 24 in the control group) living in the institutions. Data were collected between July 9 and September 1, 2011. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, t-test, and $x^2$-test, Repeated Measures ANOVA, and Cronbach's ${\alpha}$ coefficient. Each participant in the experimental group received the upper meridian massage for 10 minutes, 4 times per week for 2 weeks. Each participant's cerebral blood flow and self-reported questionnaires were tested before treatment, after 1 week and 2 weeks during treatment sessions. Results: There were significant differences in sleep and emotions after 1 week and 2 weeks during treatment sessions. But cerebral blood flow measured by common carotid artery pulsatility index (CCA PI) and common carotid artery resistance index (CCA RI) demonstrated significant differences in 2 week point in time. Conclusion: These results indicated that upper meridian massage could be an effective intervention for improving cerebral blood flow, emotions, and sleep of the institutionalized elderly.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.132-138
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• 2002

To study the effect of Korea red ginseng (KCG) on the skin and cerebral blood flow, we evaluated the change of skin perfusion rate and cerebral perfusion rate after the intravenous, intraperitoneal, and oral administration of crude saponin (CS) and saponin-free fraction (SFF) of KRG in the rats. The change of skin perfusion rate and cerebral perfusion rate was measured laser doppler flowmetry. The intravenous injections of CS or SFF of KRG and intraperitoneal injection of SFF of KRG did not change the relative skin and cerebral blood flow in the rats. When the rats were treated by the intraperitoneal injection of CS of KRG, relative cerebral blood flow was significantly increased with a time-dependent manner, however, relative skin blood flow was not influenced by the them. Oral administration of CS of KRG slightly increased skin blood flow in the rats. Also, the change of cerebral blood flow by transient bilateral carotid arterial clamp in the CS-treated rats was significantly decreased, compared with control groups. From the above results, it was suggested that Korea red ginseng have a increasing property of cerebral blood flow in the rats.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.99-103
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• 2002

Geopungdodam-tang(GDT) have been used in oriental medicine for many centuries as a therapeutic agent of apoplexy. The mechanism of GDT on the cerebral blood flow is not known. The purpose of this Study was to investigate effects of GDT on the pial arterial diameter and action mechanism of GDT-induced increased regional cerebral blood flow(rCBF). The changes of regional cerebral blood f1ow(rCBF) was determinated by Laser-Doppler Flowmetry(LDF), and the changes of pial arterial diametet were determinated by video microscopy methods and video analyzer. The results were as follows ; 1. Pial arterial diameter was significantly increased by GDT in a dose-dependent manner. 2. Pretreatment with L-NNA significantly inhibited GDT induced increased rCBF. 3. Pretreatment with methylene blue significantly inhibited GDT induced increased rCBF. 4. Pretreatment with indomethacin inhibited GDT induced increased rCBF. These results suggest that GDT causes a diverse response of cerebral hemodynamics(rCBF and pial arterial diameter). The cerebral hemodynamics is also mediated by nitric oxide synthase, cyclic GMP(guanylyl cydase) and prostaglandin(cyclooxygenase).

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.227-236
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• 1998

This study dealed with the effects of the blood pressure and regional cerebral blood fIow(rCBF) on acupuncture and moxibustion treatment to the acu-point equivalent to K 1 of sprague dawley rats(SDR). Acupuncture treatment of K 1 significantly decreased BP in SDR. 2. Acupuncture treatment of K 1 significantly increased rCBF in SDR. 3. Moxibustion treatment of K 1 significantly increased BP in SDR. 4. Moxibustion treatment of K 1 significantly increased rCBF in SDR. These results suggest that acupuncture and moxibustion causes a diverse response of blood pressure and reginal cerebral blood flow. During the moxibustion treatment of K 1 increased BP and rCBF, but after moxibustion recorved BP and rCBF. During the acupunture tretment of K 1 decreased BP and then recorved, rCBF was significantly increased.

• Journal of Korea Multimedia Society
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• v.21 no.5
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• pp.609-616
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• 2018

In this paper, we designed a multimodal bio-signal measurement system to observe changes in the brain nervous system and vascular system during sleep. Changes in the nervous system and the cerebral blood flow system in the brain during sleep induce a unique correlation between the changes in the nervous system and the blood flow system. Therefore, it is necessary to simultaneously observe changes in the brain nervous system and changes in the blood flow system to observe the sleep state. To measure the change of the nervous system, EEG, EOG and EMG signal used for the sleep stage analysis were designed. We designed a system for measuring cerebral blood flow changes using functional near-infrared spectroscopy. Among the various imaging methods to measure blood flow and metabolism, it is easy to measure simultaneously with EEG signal and it can be easily designed for miniaturization of equipment. The sleep stage was analyzed by the measured data, and the change of the cerebral blood flow was confirmed by the change of the sleep stage.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.68-73
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• 2004

This study was performed to investigate the regulatory mechanism of cerebral blood How of adenosine $A_2$ receptor agonist in the rats, and to define whether its mechanism is mediated by nitric oxide (NO), adenylate cyclase and guanylate cyclase. In pentobarbital-anesthetized, pancuronium-paralyzed and artificially ventilated male Sprague-Dawley rats, all drugs were applied topically to the cerebral cortex. Blood flow from cerebal cortex was measured using laser-Doppler flowmetry. Topical application of an adenosine $A_2$ receptor agonist [5'-(N-cyclopropyl)-carboxamidoadenosine (CPCA; 4 umol/l)] increased cerebral blood flow. This effect of CPCA (4 umol/l) was blocked by pretreatment with NO synthase inhibitor [$N^G$-nitro-L-argine methylester (L-NAME; 140 umol/l)] and adenylate cyclase inhibitor [MDL-12,330 (20 umol/l)]. But the effect of CPCA (4 umol/l) was not blocked by pretreatment with guanylate cyclase inhibitor [LY-83,583 (10 umol/l)]. These results suggest that adenosine $A_2$ receptor increases cerebral blood How. It seems that this action of adenosine $A_2$ receptor is mediated via the NO and the activation of adenylate cyclase in the cerebral cortex of the rats.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.21 no.9
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• pp.1752-1760
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• 2017

One of the treatments and preventions of strokes such as ischemic stroke is to increase cerebral blood flow. This aims to minimize the size of the stroke by increasing the quantity of blood to the cerebral region circuitously. Several ways to increase cerebral blood flow are a therapy though drugs and through surgery. However these invasive method giving a burden to the patient, the problem of inducing a number of complications were noted. In this thesis, we propose a non-invasive brain flow enhancer to complement the disadvantages of such invasive treatment methods. To compensate for the shortcomings of the existing devices, the patient's blood pressure is accurately measured and the blood pressure is applied to the extremities, thereby increasing blood flow to the femoral region to produce blood clotting treatments. Although somewhat inadequate blood flow increases compared to conventional devices, blood flow can be significantly increased, which can be selectively.