• Journal of Pharmacopuncture
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.35-42
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• 2009

1. Objectives To evaluate effects of bee venom acupuncture on cardiovascular system and differences according to each constitution. 2. Methods Heart rate variability, pulse wave and the velocity of cerebral blood flow were measured before bee venom acupuncture(BVA), right after and after 30 minuets, had been applied to 20 subjects. 3. Results 1. BVA did not have effects on measurement variables of heart rate variability. 2. BVA had effects on pulse wave, showing total time, radial augmentation index up and height of percussion wave, time to percussion wave, sum of pulse pressure down. 3. BVA did not have effects on the cerebral blood flow velocity when considering not Sasang Constitution. 4. Considering Sasang Constitution, BVA demonstrates different responses in time to preincisura wave, mean blood flow velocity, peak systolic velocity and end diastolic velocity. 4.Conclusion From those results, the following conclusions are obtained. Cause BVA alters pulse wave and makes differences in the cerebral blood flow velocity according to Sasang Constitution. Various methods of BVA treatment are needed considering Sasang Constitution.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.316-321
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• 2002

CheonghunHwadam-tang(CHT) have been used in oriental medicine for many centuries as a therapeutic agent of vertigo by wind, fire and phlegm. CheonghunHwadam-tangGamypang(CHTG) was CHT adding Aurantii Fructus(AF), Gastrodae Rhizoma(GR). The effects of CHT on the cerebral blood flow and cardiacvascular system is not known. The purpose of this Study was to investigate effects of CHT and CHTG on the regional cerebral blood flow(rCBF), mean arterial blood pressure(BP), cardiac muscle contractile force(CMF), heart rate(HR). The changes of cerebral blood flow and movement of cardiacvascular system(BP, CMF, HR) was determinated by Laser-Doppler Rowmetry(LDF). The results were as follows; 1. CHT extract increased rCBF, but decreased BP, HR in a dose-dependent manner. 2. AF extract accelerated rCBF and movement of cardiacvascular system in a dose-dependent manner. 3. GR extract increased significantly rCBF(10.0mg/kg, p<0.05) as well as accelerated BP and rCBF in a dose-dependent manner. 4. CHTG extract increased significantly rCBF(10.0mg/kg, p<0.01) in a dose-dependent, but was not changed movement of cardiacvascular system. This results suggest that CHTG is significantly treated more than CHT in vertigo by wind, fire and phlegm.

• Herbal Formula Science
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.121-130
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• 1999

Oriental medicine prescription has been used for the treatment of various clinical symptoms associated with cerebral apoplexy. However, single herb drug does not used cerebral apoplexy and there mechanisms of action have not been defined, and it is not yet known what effects they have on the hemodynamics of cerebral circulation. The study was aimed to investigate the effect batryticatus bombycis(BB) on the vascular systems including changes in blood pressure (BP), and regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) and of male Sprague-Dawely rats. The changes in rCBF were determinated by laser-Doppler flowmetry. 1. Blood pressure was not affected by BB in rats. 2. rCBF was increased by BB in a dose-dependent manner. 3. Pretreatment with methylene blue(1mg/kg), and propranolol(1mg/kg) did not inhibited BB induced increased in rCBF. 4. Pretreatment with propranolol(1mg/kg) was increased by BB in a dose-dependent manner in blood perssure. 5. Pretreatment with ODQ($10{\mu}g/kg$) and L-NNA(1mg/kg) were inhibited BB induced increased in rCBF. 6. Pretreatment with L-NNA(1mg/kg) was increased rCBF in a dose-dependent manner. These results suggest that BB causes a diverse response of blood pressure and regional cerebral blood flow(rCBF). The increased in rCBF is also mediated by nitric oxide synthease and guanylate cyclase.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.34 no.6
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• pp.326-333
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• 2020

Nitrate-nitrite-nitric oxide (NO) pathway is a major alternative source of NO and is essential for NO - dependent physiological functions in body. Food supplements having nitrate/nitrite can improve metabolic syndromes including hypertension through antioxidant activity or vasodilation. The purpose of this study was to observe the effects of fermented garlic (F. garlic) having high concentration of NO2- on changes in blood flow and nitric oxide synthesis in the cerebral cortex of rodents. The generation of nitric oxide detected by a chemi-luminescence detector was higher in F. Garlic compared with NaNO2 solution under artificial gastric juice with pH 2.0. Ether F. garlic or NaNO2 diluted with artificial cerebrospinal fluid was directly applied into around the needle probe of laser Doppler flow meter that was located on epidural surface of the cortex. Direct application of F. garlic resulted in increase of cerebral blood flow detected by a laser Doppler flow meter with a dose-dependent manner. Compared with NaNO2 solution, F. garlic produced changes in cerebral blood flow at lower concentration of NO2-. Pretreatment of methylene blue, a guanylyl cyclase inhibitor prevented upregulation of cerebral blood flow by the treatment of F. garlic. In addition, the application of F. garlic with 250, 500ppm of NO2- caused significantly the production of NO in the cortical tissue but NaNO2 solution with 500ppm of NO2- did not. In summary, these results suggested that F. garlic with high content of NO2- induce increase in cerebral blood flow through nitric oxide-dependent signal pathway.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.46 no.10
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• pp.983-988
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• 2003

Purpose : Syncope appears to be common. However, the mechanism of syncope is not clear. Increased vagal activity and withdrawal of sympathetic stimulation cause hypotension, bradycardia and finally loss of consciousness. The purpose of this study was to evaluate changes of cerebral blood flow velocity, blood pressure, and heart rate during tilt test in children with vasovagal syncope. Methods : Sixty four children with a past history of syncope were evaluated. The stand up test was performed for 15 minutes after a rest at supine position for 10 minutes, followed by an $80^{\circ}$ tilt test lasting 45 minutes. If presyncope(lightheadedness, nausea, blurred vision, or sweating) or syncope occurred, the study was discontinued. 12-lead electrocardiography, echocardiography, and electroencephalography were performed. Transcranial Doppler study was performed at the middle cerebral artery with 2 MHz continuous Doppler probe in 10 children with positive tilt test. Systolic, diastolic, mean cerebral blood flow velocity, integral, and pulsatility index were measured with blood pressure, heart rate, and $O_2$ saturation. Results : The positive rate of tilt test was 31.3%(20/64). Systolic, diastolic, and mean cerebral blood flow velocity decreased significantly in absence of hypotension or bradycardia during presyncope. Time velocity integral of cerebral artery also decreased significantly. Conclusion : Decreased cerebral blood flow velocity can predict the presyncope manifestation. Impairment of autoregulation of cerebral blood flow might play an important role in the pathophysiology of vasovagal syncope.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.18 no.6
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• pp.93-104
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• 2001

Objective : To localize and compare the cerebral regions- activated by the the stimulation of traditional and burning acupunctures in right Hap-Kok (LI4) acupoints. Methods : Thirty-four healthy normal volunteers (19 males, 15 females, age 31${\pm}$11 years) were studies by rest/acupuncture Tc-99m HMPAO SPECT using same-dose sequential injection method using right Hap-Kok(LI4), traditional and burning acupunctures. All images were spatially normalized and the differences between rest and acupuncture activation state were statistically analyzed using SPM 96. Results : Statistical analysis of the effect by the stimulation using traditional acupuncture in right L14 showed regional cerebral perfusion increase in right inferior frontal lobe, right straight gyrus, left anterolateral frontal lobe, left anteroinferior temporal lobe, left posterior temporal lobe, and left cerebellum. In the stimulation using burning acupuncture in right LI4, regional cerebral perfusion increased in right posterior prefrontal lobe, right precental gyrus, right postcentral gyrus, right poteroinferior temporal lobe, left precentral gyrus, left Broca's area, left anterior parietal lobe, left posterior prefrontal lobe, and left cerebellum. In right LA, diffuse perfusion increase were noted in the both inferior frontal lobe by traditional acupuncture compared to burning acupuncture. Conclusion : The results localized the cerebral areas showed the effect of the acupuncture on cerebral blood flow. The effects of traditional and burning acupunctures on cerebral blood flow were similar in right Hap-Kok (LI4) acupoints. But the effects of traditional acupunctures on cerebral blood flow are stronger than those of burning acupunctures on cerebral blood flow.

• The Journal of the Society of Stroke on Korean Medicine
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.1-7
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• 2005

Objectives: Chungpyesagan-tang is a famous oriental Objectives: medicine treatment frequently used to stroke in Korea. The objective of this study is to evaluate the mechanism of the therapeutic effect of Chungpyesagan-tang on stroke in rat. Methods: We compared the difference in regional cer Methods: ebral blood flow, nitric oxide (NO) synthesis between the control and the Chungpyesagan-tang-treated group after ligating middle cerebral artery. Results: In our study, cerebral blood flow increased more in the stroke rats which had been fed by Chungpyesagan-tang than in the control. Chungpyesagan-tang induced vascular NO synthesis, but had no effect on neuronal NO synthesis. Conclusion: The mechanism of Chngpyesagan-tang's therapeutic effect on ischemic stroke could be explained by increasing cerebral blood flow and vascular NO synthesis.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.234-241
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• 1999

The present study assessed the cerebroprotective effect of platelet-activating factor(PAF) antagonists in transient cerebral ischemia of rats. Right middle cerebral artery (MCA) of Sprague-Dawley rats was occluded for 2 hours using an intraluminal filament technique, and was reperfused for 6 hours following cerebral ischemia. The infarct area of seven coronal brain slices was measured morphometrically following stain ing in the 2% 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride solution. The changes in regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) and pial arteriolar diameter were measured by laser-Doppler flowmetry and by a videomicroscopy, respectively. The infarct size was significantly reduced by PAF antagonists, BN 52021 and CV-6209, which were administered i.p. 10 min before MCA occlusion. Pretreatment with PAF antagonists significantly restored the changes in pial arterial diameter as well as those in rCBF during the period of cerebral ischemia-reperfusion. PAF antagonists significantly inhibited the inducible nitric oxide synthase activity in the pial arteries ipsilateral to ischemia. These results suggest that PAF antagonists exert a cerebroprotective effect against ischemic brain damage through an improvement of postocclusive cerebral blood flow.

• Journal of Sasang Constitutional Medicine
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.165-176
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• 2001

This study demonstrates the effects of Yanggyuksanhwa-Tang, Sasang constitutional herb prescription reported its clinical effect on the stroke of the So-yang In(少陽人), on the cerebral blood flow changes induced by nitro L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME) treatment and ischemic brain damage induced by the middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) in the rats. The changes of the arterial blood pressure, cerebral blood flow, and the diameter of the pial artery were measured in rats treated with L-NAME. And the changes of the infarct size, volume, and plasma tumor necrosis factor alpha ($TNF-{\alpha}$) levels were measured in the rats that the middle cerebral artery has been occluded by the intraluminal suture thread method. Yanggyuksanhwa-Tang was administered by the i.v. injection on the L-NAME treated rats, by the i.o. administration on the MCAO rats. The results is 1. The changes of the arterial blood pressure was not different statistically between in the L-NAME treated control group and in the Yanggyuksanhwa-Tang administered group. 2. Increase in the cerebral blood flow induced by L-NAME treatment was attenuated in the Yanggyuksanhwa-Tang administered group significantly (P<0.05) as compared with the L-NAME treated control group. 3. Decrease in the diameter of the pial artery induced by L-NAME treatment was attenuated about 18% in the Yanggyuksanhwa-Tang administered group as compared with the L-NAME treated control group. 4. Ischemic damaged infarct areas were decreased significantly (P<0.05) in the interaural 12mm, 10mm, and 6mm brain sections of the Yanggyuksanhwa-Tang administered group as compared the MCA occluded control group. 5. Total ischemic infarct volume was decreased significantly (P<0.05) in the Yanggyuksanhwa-Tang administered group as compared the MCA occluded control group. 6. Plasma $TNF-{\alpha}$ levels were decreased significantly (P<0.01) in the Yanggyuksanhwa-Tang administered group as compared the MCA occluded control group.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.21 no.5
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• pp.851-857
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• 2000

SosokMyeongTang(SMT) have been used in oriental medicine for many centuries as a therapeutic agent for cerebral disease. The effects of SMT on the vascular system is not known. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of SMT on the changes in blood pressure(BP) and regional cerebral blood flow(rCBF) of rats. SMT consists of the following components : Radix Ledebouriellae(防風), Radix Cocculi or Stephaniae(防己), Semen Armeniacae(杏仁), Cortex Cinnamomi(肉桂), Radix Scutellariae(黃芩), Radix Paeoniae Lactiflorae(白芍藥), Radix Ginseng(人蔘), Rhizoma Cnidll(川芎), Herba Ephedrae(麻黃), Radix Glycyrrhizae(甘草), Radix Aconiti(附子?), Fructus Zizyphi Jujubae(大棗), Rhizoma Zingiberis(生薑) and the changes of BP and rCBF were tested Leser-Doppler Flowmetry(LDF) The experimental results were as follows ; BP was not affected by SMT in rats, but rCBF was increased significantly by SMT in a dose dependent manner. SMT increased previous decreasd rCBF due to pretreatment methylene blue, but did not increased previous decreasd rCBF due to pretreatment L-NNA, indomethacin. Pretreatment with indomethacin decreased BP compaired with control group. These results suggest that SMT causes a diverse response of blood pressure and regional cerebral blood flow(rCBF). The increased rCBF is mediated by nitric oxide synthease.