• Journal of Technologic Dentistry
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.15-23
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• 2009

The aim of this study was to evaluate the bond strength of using a Au bonding agent applied on cp-Ti and nonprecious metal-gold-ceramic system. Metallic frameworks(diameter: 5mm, height: 20mm)(N=56, n=7per group) cast in Ni-Cr alloy, Co-Cr alloy and cp-Ti were obtained using acrylic templates and airborne particle abraded with $110{\mu}m$ aluminum oxide. Au bonding agent was applied on wash opaque firing as intermediate layer. SEM and SEM/EDS line profile were performed on the cutting the cross-section of the metal substrate-porcelain with intermediate Au coating. Groups were tested using shear bond strength(SBS) testing at 0.5mm/min. The mean SBS values for the ceramic-Au layer-metal combination were significantly higher than those ceramic-metal combination. While ceramic-Au layer-cp-Ti combinations failed to increase bond strength instead of using a titanium bonding porcelain. The appication of using Au intermediate layer significantly improve the bond strength combination with metal-ceramic system.

• Journal of Technologic Dentistry
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.213-223
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• 2007

The success of a porcelain fused to metal (PFM) restoration depends upon the quality of the porcelain-metal bond. The adhesion between metal substructure and dental porcelain is related to the diffusion of oxygen to the reaction layer formed on cast-metal surface during firing. The purposed of this investigation was to study the effects of gold based bonding agent on Ni-Cr alloy-ceramic adhesion between porcelain matrix, gold based bonding agent and metal substructure interface. gold based bonding agent have been applied as an intermediate layer between a metal substructure and a ceramic coating. gold based bonding agent(Aurofilm NP, Metalor, Swiss) was applied on Ni-Cr alloy surface by four method. Surfaces only air abraded with 110${\beta}\neq$ Al2O3 particles were used as control. metal ceramic adhesion was evaluated by a biaxial flexure test(N=5) and volume fraction of adherent porcelain was determined by SEM/EDS analysis. Result of this study suggest that the layering sequence of gold based bonding agent is very important and can improve porcelain adherence to PFM.

• Journal of Welding and Joining
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.40-46
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• 2014

Bonding technology and bonding mechanism of metal to ceramic including brazing, diffusion bonding, friction welding and etc were reviewed in this study. Various factors should be considered from a bonding design step to acquire a good bonding joint because of a large difference between metal and ceramic in crystal lattice, coefficient of thermal expansion and various properties. In addition, metal and ceramic bonding technologies are constantly being developed according to precise components, multi-function and application to harsh environment. However, improvement of bonding properties and bonding reliability also should be accompanied. Bonding of ceramics, such as $ZrO_2$, $Ti_3AlC_2$ and SiC, to metals like Ti-alloy, TiAl and steel were described in this paper.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.24 no.4 s.47
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• pp.957-967
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• 1994

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of different bases of ceramic brackets on shear bond strength and to observe failure patterns of bracket bondings. Lower bicuspid brackets whose bases designed for the macromechanical and silane treated chemical bonding those for silane treated chemical bonding, those for micromechanical bonding, and those for macromechanical bonding were tested as experimental groups, and foil mesh-backed metal brackets as a control group. All the brackets were bonded with $Mono-Lok\;2^{(TM)}$ on the labial surface of extracted human lower bicuspids after etching the enamel with $38\%$ phosphoric acid solution for 60 seconds. The shear bond strengths were measured on the universal test machine after 24 hours passed in the $37^{\circ}C$ water bath. The gathered data were evaluated and tested by ANOVA and Duncan's multiple range test, and those results were as follows. The shear bond strengths of brackets for macromechanical and chemical bonding, those for chemical bonding, and those for micromechanical bonding were not different (p>0.05), but showed statistically higher than those of metal bracket and those of ceramic bracket for micromechanical bonding(p<0.05). The shear bond strengths of ceramic bracket for micromechanical bonding showed statistically lower than those of metal bracket(p<0.05). The enamel fractures and/or ceramic bracket fractures were observed in the cases of higher bond strength than that of metal bracket. These results supported that silane treated base of ceramic bracket show higher shear bond strength than that of metal bracket, and suggested that micromechanical form of ceramic bracket bases show higher shear bond strength than that of macromechanical form.

• Journal of Welding and Joining
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.38-43
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• 2012

In this study, active metal brazing methods for $ZrO_2$ and Ti alloy were discussed. To get a successful metal-ceramic bonding, various factors (melting temperature, corrosion, sag resistance, thermal expansion coefficient etc. of base materilas and filler metal) should be considered. Moreover, in order to clarify bonding between the metal and ceramic, the mechanism of the interfacial structure of the joints should be identified. The driving force for the formation of metal and ceramic interfaces is the reduction of the free energy which occurs when their contact becomes complete. Interfacial bonding depends on the material combinations and the bonding processes. This study describes the bonding between ceramic and metal in an active metal brazing.

• Journal of dental hygiene science
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.153-160
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• 2009

The purposed of this study was to investigate the effect of Gold bonding agent as intermediate layer between metal substrate and ceramic coating. Gold bonding agent used to seal off any surface porosity, to mask the greyish color of the metal, and to provide an underlying bright golden hue to the ceramic coverage. The adhesion between metal substrate and ceramic is related to diffusion of oxygen during ceramic firing. The oxide layer produced on non-precious alloy anti titanium was considered to have a potentially adverse effect on metal-ceramic bonding. The oxidation characteristics of titanium and non-precious alloys are the main problem. Every group were divided into test and control groups. Control groups are carried out process of degassing for product oxide layer. Au coating was applied on each Ni-Cr, Co-Cr alloys and cp-Ti specimens with difference surface condition or degassing. Specimens surfaces and cutting plane was characterized by SEM/EDS. Results suggested that Au coating is effective barriers to protect metal oxidation during ceramic firing.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.22 no.2 s.37
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• pp.449-474
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• 1992

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the in vitro shear bond strengths to enamel and the failure sites of three ceramic brackets and one metal bracket in combination with light cured orthodontic adhesive. The brackets were divided into four groups. Each ceramic bracket group had different bonding mechanisms with adhesive. Group A; metal bracket with foil-mesh base (control group) Group B; ceramic bracket with micromechanical retention Group C; ceramic bracket with chemical bonding Group D; ceramic bracket with mechanical retention and chemical bonding. Forty extracted human lower first premolars were prepared for bonding and 10 brackets for each group were bonded to prepared enamel surfaces with $Transbond^{\circledR}$ light cured ortho dontic adhesive. Twenty four hours after bonding, the Instron universal testing machine was used to test the shear bond strength of brackets to enamel. After debonding, brackets and enamel surfaces were examined under stereoscopic microscope to determine the failure sites, Statistical analysis of the data was carried out with ANOVA test and $Scheff\acute{e}$ test using SPSS PC+. The results were as follows. 1 . There were statistically significant differences in mean shear bond strengths of three ceramic bracket groups (p < 0.05). Shear bond strengths of group C and D were significantly higher than that of group B and shear bond strength of group C was significantly higher than that of group D. 2. Group C and D both had significantly higher shear bond strengths than metal bracket (group A), but there were no significant differences in shear bond strengths between group A and B (p < 0.05). 3. The failure sites of four bracket groups were also different. Group C and D failed primarily at enamel-adhesive interface, but group A and B failed primarily at bracket base-adhesive interface. 4. Among all ceramic bracket groups, group B was very similar to metal bracket in the aspect of shear bond strength and failure site.

• Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society
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• v.45 no.10
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• pp.600-604
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• 2008

Although titanium-ceramic systems have gained substantial interests in dental prosthetic field, bonding problem between porcelain and titanium has not been solved. Main obstacle in titanium-porcelain bonding is excessive oxidation of titanium during porcelain firing. The effects of several coating materials on the bonding strength of titanium-porcelain system were investigated in this study. RF sputtering and electroplating of platinum significantly increased the bonding strength of porcelain-titanium specimen. However, coatings of Ni-Au, Ir, and ceramics(zirconia and hydroxyapatite) did not showed a significant effect on bonding strength. Platinum might be a promising material for the protective layer of excessive oxidation of titanium during porcelain firing, resulting in increase in the bonding strength.

• Journal of Technologic Dentistry
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.349-357
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• 2011

Purpose: In this study, for the reasons of observing the changes when using bonding agent with Ni-Cr alloy and Co-Cr alloy and using VM13 and Vintage MP ceramic which have the disparity in coefficient of thermal expansion, it is carried out to evaluate the characteristics of the bonding agent through the analysis of the interface between metal and ceramic and the analysis of bond strength by variable. Methods: The surface treatment was performed on the two kinds of alloy(Ni-Cr alloy and Co-Cr alloy) specimens, which were sandblasted and were treated with bonder application. The metal-ceramic interfaces were analyzed with EPMA in order to ionic diffusion, and the shear test was performed. Results: As a result of observation of metal-ceramic interfacial properties, it was observed that Cr atoms were spread from the alloy body to the ceramic floor in the specimen of Group B. It was also seen that Cr, W atoms were spread from the alloy body to the ceramic floor in the specimen of Group S. In consequence of observing Shear bond strength, it was calculated that the specimen of BSV was 27.75(${\pm}11.21$)MPa, BSM was 27.02(${\pm}5.23$)MPa, BCV was 30.20(${\pm}5.99$)MPa, BCM was 27.94(${\pm}10.76$)MPa, SSV was 20.83(${\pm}2.58$)MPa, SSM was 23.98(${\pm}3.94$)MPa, SCV was 32.32(${\pm}4.68$)MPa, and SCM was 34.54(${\pm}10.63$)MPa. Conclusion: In the metal-ceramic interface of Bellabond plus sample group, diffusion of Cr atoms was incurred and diffusion of C Cr atoms and W atoms in the sample group of $Starloy{(R)}\;C$ was observed. Using bonding agent showed the higher bond strength than using the sand blasting treatment. In the Bellabond plus alloys, the specimen group with the use of binding materials showed higher shear bond strength, but didn't show statistically significant differences (p>0.05). In the $Starloy{(R)}\;C$ alloys, the specimen group with the use of binding materials showed higher shear bond strength and statistically significant differences(p<0.05). In terms of VM13 ceramic, it was in the Bellabond plus alloys that the high shear bond strength was showed, but there's no statistically significant differences(p>0.05). In terms of Vintage MP ceramic, it was in the $Starloy{(R)}\;C$ alloys that the high shear bond strength was showed and statistically significant differences(p<0.05). Metal-ceramic to fracture of the shear strength measurements and an analysis of all aspects of military usage fracture of the composite, respectively.

• Transactions of the Korean hydrogen and new energy society
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.306-310
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• 2016

In Na-base Battery for ESS, ${\alpha}-Al_2O_3$ and metal bonding was used to prevent direct reaction between electrolyte and electrode. The hard metal was metalized at $1600^{\circ}C$ in a flowing hydrogen gas for high bonding strength. In this study, instead of hard metal metalizing, Ni was plated on ${\alpha}-Al_2O_3$ by electroless Ni plating technique and then bonded with metal. To enhance the bonding strength, surface of ${\alpha}-Al_2O_3$ was treated with $H_3PO_4$. The effects of strength and leakage of joining as a function of acid treatment time on ${\alpha}-Al_2O_3$ are described.