• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• 제41권2호
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• pp.87-99
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• 2013

Waste paper stands for the major biodegradable organic fraction of most of municipal solid waste. The potential of waste paper for glucose production was investigated in this current work. The pretreatment was accomplished by first subjecting waste paper to disintegration time (30 s), followed by ink removal of disintegrated waste paper using an deinking agent. Concentrated acid hydrolysis of waste paper with sulfuric acid was optimized to maximize glucose conversion. The concentrated acid hydrolysis conditions for waste paper (disintegrated time: 30 s, deinking agent loading : 15 ml) were optimized by using central composite design and response surface methodology. The optimization process employed a central composite design, where the investigated variables were acid concentration (60~80%), loading sulfuric acid (1~5 ml) and reaction time (1~5 h). All the tested variables were identified to have significant effects (p < 0.05) on glucose conversion. The optimum concentrated acid hydrolysis conditions were acid concentration of 70.8%, loading sulfuric acid of 3.2 ml and a reaction time of 3.6 h. This research of concentrated acid hydrolysis was a promising method to improve glucose conversion for waste paper.

• 한국기계가공학회지
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.36-42
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• 2022

Whereas the necessity for recycling and reuse is being emphasized owing to the depletion of resources and waste disposal problems caused by the continuous development of the industry, the importance of remanufacturing has been highlighted recently. Re-manufacturing involves a series of processes in which failed disposal or aging goods are recovered to a state similar to that of a new product. In this regard, machine tools, which are large structures, can achieve the effect of remanufacturing. Among the various elements constituting the machine tool, the main spindle portion that affects the processing precision is critical. Therefore, this study is conducted to derive improvement measures for the main axis of an old Miller planner via reverse engineering and central composite design, which is one of the core processes of remanufacturing.

• 한국기계가공학회지
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• 제14권3호
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• pp.85-91
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• 2015

The press-fit shaft is an important part used in automobiles, vessels, and trains. This study proposes an optimized design method to reduce damage that may occur in the press-fitted shaft by modifying the shape of the boss step of the press-fitted shaft. To reduce the time and cost of running the optimized design method, an approximate design optimization is applied and an optimized algorithm is generated using a genetic algorithm that is widely used in engineering fields and an approximate model using a response surface method. The planned experiments for the data that are needed to generate the approximate model use a central composite design (CCD) and Latin hypercube sampling (LHS), and the results of the approximate optimization using the above two design of experiments are to be compared.

• 한국생산제조학회지
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.186-191
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• 2015

Presently, rapidly changing and unstable global economic environments demand engineers. Products should be designed to increase profits by lowering costs and provide distinguished performance compared with competitors. This study aims to optimize the design of the power-transmission drive shaft. The mass is reduced as an objective function, and the stress is constrained under a constant value. To reduce the number of experiments, CCD (central composite design) and D-Optimal are used for the experimental design. RSM (response surface methodology) is employed to construct a regression model for the objective functions and constraint function. In this problem, there is only one objective function for the mass. The other objective function gives 1; thus, NSGA-II is used.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제22권12호
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• pp.1767-1775
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• 2012

The Cr(VI) removal capability of Acinetobacter junii VITSUKMW2 isolated from the Sukinda chromite mine site was evaluated and enhanced using statistical design techniques. The removal capacity was evaluated at different pH values (5-11) and temperatures ($30-40^{\circ}C$) and with various carbon and nitrogen sources. Plackett-Burman design was used to select the operational parameters for bioremediation of Cr(VI). Three parameters (molasses, yeast extract, and Cr(VI) concentration) were chosen for further optimization using central composite design. The optimal combination of parameters was found to be 14.85 g/l molasses, 4.72 g/l yeast extract, and 54 mg/l initial Cr(VI), with 99.95% removal of Cr(VI) in 12 h. A. junii VITSUKMW2 was shown to have significant potential for removal of Cr(VI).

• 한국시뮬레이션학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국시뮬레이션학회 2004년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.41-47
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• 2004

중심합성계획(central composite design: ccd)은 반응 표면이 곡면적인 특성을 나타낼때 반응 공간을 추정하기 위해 사용되는 실험계획이다. 반응공간이 2차 회귀모형으로 나타나는 경우에 반응곡면의 변화량을 알기 위해서는 변수의 수준이 3이상이 되어야하는데 ccd는 적은 횟수의 실험으로 곡면을 효과적으로 추정하기 위해 2$^{k}$ 요인실험에 추가적으로 중심점(central point)과 축점(axial point)을 표본점에 포함시키는 계획이다. 본 연구에서는 시뮬레이션 실험에서 반응변수가 2차 회귀모형으로 근사되는 경우에 cod를 이용하여 관심 성과치의 반응표면을 추정하고자 한다. 일반적인 실험에서와는 달리 시뮬레이션 실험에서는 두개의 표본점(인자 수준의 조합)에서 분석자가 공통 난수계열(common random number series)을 부여하여 시뮬레이션 시스템 요소의 변화과정을 유사하게 통제할 수 있다. 일반적으로 공통난수법(common random number method)에 의해 얻어지는 두 표본점에서의 반응변수는 서로 양의 상관관계를 가지며 대조 난수(antithetic random number)에 의한 두 반응변수는 음의 상관성을 가지는 것으로 알려졌다. 본 연구는 ccd의 표본점에 공통난수와 대조난수 법을 이용하여 회귀모형의 파라미터를 효과적으로 추정하는 방법을 조사하고 이를 (s, S) 재고관리 모형에 적용하여 그 효율성을 평가하고자 한다.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• 제52권5호
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• pp.564-573
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• 2014

이 연구는 벤젠과 프로필렌의 기상반응을 통해 쿠멘을 생산하는 쿠멘 생산 공정의 경제성 최적화에 대한 것이다. 최적화의 목적함수는 제품 판매 이득에서 자본비용, 유틸리티 비용, 원료 비용을 뺀 연간 조업이득이고, 설계변수는 6개이다. 설계변수의 변화에 따른 조업이득의 계산을 위해 Unisim Design과 Matlab을 연동하였다. 최적화는 3단계로 수행되었다. 설계변수를 샘플링한 후 조업이득 데이터를 얻고, 이 데이터로부터 설계변수와 조업이득의 관계를 추정 모델로 표현하고, 이 모델을 이용하여 최적화하였다. 추정모델로는 반응표면법에서 사용되는 2차 회귀 다항식과 비선형 모델인 support vector regression을 비교하였다. 설계변수의 샘플링 방법으로는 중심합성계획과 Hammersley 순차 추출법을 비교하였다. 각각 얻어진 모델을 이용한 최적화 결과, 추정방법으로는 SVR이, 샘플링 방법은 Hammersley 순차추출법이 더 정확하였다. 최적화된 조업이득은 연간 17.96 MM$로, 기준 조건에서의 연간 16.04 MM$에 비해 12% 증가하였다.

• 한국레이저가공학회지
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.29-38
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• 2001

This work was carried out to investigate the welding behavior of thin A3003 Al alloy sheets by Nd : YAG laser beam. Considering bead shape and mechanical properties, the laser pulse shapes selected were two kinds of 2-division and 3-division by varying power level and pulse duration. In order to obtain optimum conditions, the factorial design method and central composite design method were applied. Tensile test, optical microscopy, micro hardness test and TEM analysis were performed. Due to the annealing caused by thermal effect during laser welding, precipitates were coarsended. The HAZ was softened and failed during tensile test. The hardness of HAZ was lower than that of base metal, since the heat input relieved the work hardening effect and caused grain growth.

• 한국생산제조학회지
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.211-216
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• 2015

Recently, because of the growth in the leisure industry and interest in health, the demand for bicycles has increased. In this research, considering the vertical load on a bike frame under static state conditions, the deflection and mass of the bike frame were minimized by satisfying the service condition and performing optimization. The thickness of the bicycle-frame tube was set to a design variable, and its sensitivity was confirmed by an analysis of means (ANOM). To optimize the solution, a response-surface-method (RSM) model was constructed using D-Optimal and central composite design(CCD). The optimization was performed using a non-dominant sorting genetic algorithm (NSGA-II), and the optimal solution was verified by finite-element analysis.

• 한국생산제조학회지
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.192-197
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• 2015

In many fields, the importance of reducing weight is increasing. A product should be designed such that it is profitable, by lowering costs and exhibiting better performance than other similar products. In this study, the mass and deflection of steel structures have to be reduced as objective functions under constraint conditions. To reduce computational analysis time, central composite design(CCD) and D-Optimal are used in design of experiments(DOE). The accuracy of approximate models is evaluated using the $R^2$ value. In this study, the objective functions are multiple, so the non-dominant sorting genetic algorithm(NSGA-II), which is highly efficient, is used for such a problem. In order to verify the validity of Pareto solutions, CAE results and Pareto solutions are compared.