• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제12권9호
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• pp.4119-4124
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• 2011

유성음원과 무성음원을 사용하는 멀티펄스 음성부호화 방식에 있어서, 음성신호의 진폭이 증가하거나 감소하는 경우에 음성 파형에 일그러짐이 나타난다. 이것은 대표구간의 멀티펄스를 피치구간마다 복원하는 과정에서 재생 음성신호가 정규화되는 것이 원인으로 작용한다. 이것을 해결하기위하여 본 논문에서는 피치구간마다 멀티펄스의 진폭을 보정하는 방법(AC-MPC)을 제시하였으며, 기존의 MPC와 멀티펄스 진폭을 보정한 AC-MPC의 SNRseg를 평가한 결과, AC-MPC의 남자음성에서 0.7dB, 여자음성에서 0.7dB 개선된 것을 확인할 수 있었다. 결국, MPC에 비해 AC-MPC의 SNRseg가 개선되어 음성파형의 일그러짐을 제어할 수 있었으며, 본 방법은 셀룰러폰이나 스마트폰과 같이 Low Bit Rate의 음원을 사용하여 음성신호를 부호화하는 방식에 활용할 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

• 디지털융복합연구
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• 제10권5호
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• pp.233-238
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• 2012

유성음원과 무성음원을 시용하는 음성부호화 방식에 있어서, 같은 프레임 안에 모음과 무성자음이 있는 경우에 음성 파형에 일그러짐이 나타난다. 이것을 해결하기 위하여 본 논문에서는 개별피치와 LMS(Least Mean Square)를 적용한 LMS-MPC를 제시하였으며, 기존의 MPC와 LMS-MPC의 SNRseg를 평가한 결과, LMS-MPC의 남자음성에서 1.5dB, 여자음성에서 1.3dB 개선된 것을 확인할 수 있었다. 결국, MPC에 비해 LMS-MPC의 SNRseg가 개선되어 음성파형의 일그러짐을 제어할 수 있었으며, 본 방법은 셀룰러폰이나 스마트폰과 같이 Low Bit Rate의 음원을 사용하여 음성신호를 부호화 하는 방식에 활용할 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

• 기본간호학회지
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.134-142
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• 2008

Purpose: This study was done to identify satisfaction with the method of evaluating practical skills in fundamental nursing through cellular phone animation self-monitoring and feedback. Method: The participants were 163 first-year student nurses. Data were collected from October 1 to 5 2007 using a structured questionnaire. Results: The average score for satisfaction was 3.65(${\pm}.69$) and the highest score was for the item, "I was pleased to have the opportunity of relearning by looking back at my behaviors through self monitoring" with 4.05(${\pm}.89$). The average score for dissatisfaction was 3.23(${\pm}.90$) and the highest score was "I memorized only orders according to the checklist" with 3.65(${\pm}.97$). The practical tests method showed a significant difference according to motivation for application to college of nursing (F=3.11, p=.047). There was a significant positive correlation between practical education satisfaction and test method (r=.363, p=.000). Conclusion: These findings show that there is a need to develop strategies to improve practical test methods for student nurses.

• 한국해양학회지:바다
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.155-159
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• 1999

수중음향을 이용한 풍속 측정(Weather Observation Through Ambient Noise: WOTAN) 기술을 이용하여 소형 기상관측부이를 개발하였다. 소형기상관측부이는 지상자료 수선소와 기상부이 간의 통신수단으로 휴대전화망을 채택하였다. 제작된 소형기상관측부이를 부산시 기장군 시랑리 부근 해역에 계류하여 부근에 위치한 국립수산진흥원에 설치한 지상기상관측기기에서 관측된 결과와 비교하였다. 수중음향을 이용하여 추정된 풍속을 지상에서 관측한 풍속과 비교한 결과 좋은 결과를 얻었다. 즉 풍속계에 의한 풍속과 수중음향에 의해 추정된 풍속의 rms 오차가 1 m/s 내외로 나타났다. 이 소형기상관측부이의 한가지 단점은 휴대전화의 통달거리가 짧아 육지에서 멀리 떨어진 곳에는 설치가 불가능하다는 점인데, 현재 전 세계 대양에서 통화가 가능한 위성 휴대전화망이 상용화되기 시작하여 위성 휴대전화를 이용하면 이 문제는 쉽게 해결될 수 있다고 본다.

• Imaging Science in Dentistry
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• 제42권2호
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• pp.71-75
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• 2012

Purpose : Dental trauma is frequently unpredictable. The initial assessment and urgent treatment are essential for dentists to save the patient's teeth. Mobile-phone-assisted teleconsultation and telediagnosis for dental trauma could be an aid when a dentist is not available. In the present in-vitro study, we evaluated the success rate and time to transfer images under various conditions. Materials and Methods : We analyzed the image quality of cameras built into mobile phones based on their resolution, autofocus, white-balance, and anti-movement functions. Results : The image quality of most built-in cameras was acceptable to perform the initial assessment, with the autofocus function being essential to obtain high-quality images. The transmission failure rate increased markedly when the image size exceeded 500 kB and the additional text messaging did not improve the success rate or the transmission time. Conclusion : Our optimal protocol could be useful for emergency programs running on the mobile phones.

• ETRI Journal
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• 제37권6호
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• pp.1087-1095
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• 2015

Mobility management is important in mobile cellular networks. In this study, we considered an enhanced location-based registration (ELR) method. In the ELR method, even when a mobile phone enters a cell to find that the cell is already on its list (of visited cells) and then updates its main counter, it does not remove any cells from the list (memory space permitting), which gives better performance than the location-based registration (LR) method. However, the location registration cost of the ELR method is still high, and there is a lot of room for improvement with regards to this matter. We now propose an improved version of the ELR method; namely, the improved ELR (iELR). In the iELR method, when a mobile phone enters a cell to find that the cell counter value is less than the main counter value, or when a mobile phone enters a cell to register its location, it updates the main counter and the cell counter values as much as possible to reduce the future need for registrations. We show that our proposed iELR method provides better performance than the ELR method.

• Child Health Nursing Research
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• 제13권4호
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• pp.506-511
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• 2007

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate effect of distraction by use of a cellular phone on pain and fear during venipuncture procedure for hospitalized preschool children. Method: Fifty four preschool children aged 3-6 were recruited from one university affiliated hospital in Daegu. Participants were assigned to the control(n=27) to receive usual care or intervention group(n=27) to receive distraction plus usual care. For the assessment of children's pain, FACE scale and mothers' perceptions of their own children's pain, visual analogue scale(VAS) were used. For the assessment of fear, Procedure Behavioral checklist developed by Lebaron and Zeltzer was used. Results: Results showed that intervention group demonstrated significantly less pain scores on FACE(t=2.19, p<.03) as rated by children and on VAS(t=2.78, p<.01) as rated by their mothers. Intervention group showed also significantly less fear scores(t=2.30, p<.02) as rated by the researcher. Conclusion: Distraction with cell phone for relieving pain and fear during venipuncture procedure was effective for the hospitalized preschool children.

• 대한인간공학회지
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• 제34권1호
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• pp.11-18
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• 2015

Objective: The aim of this study was to understand the effects of phone weight on the typing performance and muscle recruitment in the neck and upper extremity while typing a text message with dominant hand. The iPhone4 and iPhone5 were compared due to their 28-gram differences in weight. Background: Too much use of a cellular phone can lead the musculoskeletal disorders in the upper extremity. Phone makers tend to make their new models bigger, lighter, faster and smarter. Method: Fourteen healthy volunteers without any history of neuromuscular disorders or ongoing pain who used their smartphone more than one year were recruited. A 112g phone (iPhone5) and a 142g phone (iPhone4) were used for typing the lyric of the Korean national anthem with their dominant hand. Typing duration, the typing error, the perceived fatigue, and preference was investigated. Muscle recruitment and the resting gap of neck (middle trapezius and levator scapula), shoulder (infraspinatus and mid deltoid), elbow (biceps brachii and brachioradialis), thumb (extensor and abductor policis brevis) were collected using surface electromyography. Typing error was counted and typing speed was calculated in characters per min. The data were analyzed using a paired t-test and chi-square (${\chi}^2$) analysis for the effects of phone weight on the typing performance parameters and muscle recruitment. Results: Typing text message with iPhone5 took longer but had less muscle recruitment in brachioradialis, and extensor policis brevis muscles. Lighter weight of iPhone5 made biceps brachii to rest less without increasing the mean %EMG. Conclusion/Application: Findings of this study can be valuable information for phone designers to develop more productive device and for smartphone users to prevent the musculoskeletal disorders in the upper extremities.

• 한국측량학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국측량학회 2004년도 춘계학술발표회논문집
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• pp.361-366
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• 2004

Due to the fast development in information technology, mobile devices such as cellular phone and PDA are increasingly being used in information transmission. Also in GIS area, have many attempts been introduced for communicating geographic information. However, one of the problems found in current applications is that each of them is developed for a specific platform. A solution to this problem is sought using the XML, which is designed to transfer structured information through the Web regardless of any platform. GML is based on XML technology and is platform-free document for geographic feature. GML can be visualized using client plug-in's such as SVG. This study suggests a framework for developing a mobile-GIS web service using GML and shows how it can be implemented on a cellular phone emulator.

• 한국품질경영학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국품질경영학회 2007년도 춘계학술대회
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• pp.76-82
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• 2007

Upon the basis at the end of March 2005, we have the 38.91 million cellular phone subscribers over the country and the total diffusion rate of the cellular phone is reached up to 76.1%. At this moment, it can be said the most people use it since the demand is still going on. Turning to the operation company, this is serviced by the SK Telecom, LG Telecom, and KTF, and there are at least 7 manufactures producing it including Samsung, LG, KTF ever, Motorola, SKY, Pantac and Curitel, Most users periodically change the service vendor to the others for buying new model or changing the service vendor. It is understood the customer's action occurred by the differences of the brand cognition. In this study, along with some parameters including the difference of the vendor's brand cognition, difference of satisfaction (mobile telecommunication, product), and the possibility to buy the product again, I am going to find out the relationship between the satisfaction of the provider's service