• 동의신경정신과학회지
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.95-110
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• 2007

Objective : The purpose of this study was to investigate molecular basis of neuroprotective effect in total ginsenosides. After H202 induced neurotoxicity, gene expression profiling of SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells treated by total ginsenosides is analyzed. Method : After SH-SY5Y cells were cultured, they were damaged by H202 induced oxidative stress. After twenty four hours, experimental group is treated by total ginsenosides and control group is treated by 0.9% saline. A high density cDNA microarray chip is used to analyze the gene expression profiling of SH-SY5Y cells. The Significance Analysis of Microarray method is used for identifying genes on a microarray. Results : 1. According to the results of microarray experiment, 17 genes were up-regulated, 38 genes were down-regulated. 2. Expression of OPHNl, KTANl, ATM, PRKCE, MAPKs genes associated with cell proliferation, neural growth, and the prevention of apoptosis were increased. 3. Change of EPX gene was the greatest among all genes. EPX gene associated with oxidative stress, and tumor suppressor gene ADAM11 were decreased. Conclusion : According to this study, molecular basis of neuroprotective effect of total ginsenosides is as followings: the increase of gene expression associated with cell proliferation, neuron growth, the prevention of apoptotsis and decrease of gene expression associated with oxidative stress and tumor suppressor.

• 한국통신학회논문지
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• 제36권11B호
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• pp.1329-1338
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• 2011

본 논문에서는 분산 메모리 아키텍처를 사용하는 멀티프로세서에서 가장 병목 현상이 심한 집합통신 중 브로드캐스트를 위한 알고리즘 및 하드웨어 구조를 제안한다. 기존 시스템에서 집합통신은 프로세싱 노드의 통신포트 상태가 busy 혹은 free 인지를 고려하지 않고 MPI libray cell 에 의해서 점대점 통신으로 변환되어 진다. 만약 브로드캐스트 통신을 하는 동안에 간섭하는 점대점 통신이 있다면, 브로드캐스트 통신의 전송 속도는 저하된다. 따라서 본 논문에서는 각각의 프로세싱 노드의 상태를 고려하여 통신 순서를 결정하는 브로드캐스트 통신 알고리즘을 제안하였다. 제안하는 구조의 알고리즘은 각 프로세싱 노드의 상태에 따라, free 상태의 통신 포트를 가진 프로세싱 노드의 통신 포트에게 우선적으로 메시지를 송신하여 전체적인 집합통신 시간을 단축하였다. 본 연구에서 제안하는 브로드캐스트 통신을 위한 MPI 유닛은 SystemC로 모델링하여 평가하였다. 또한 본 구조는 16노드에서 브로드캐스트 통신의 성능을 최대 78% 향상시켰고, 이는 MPSoC(Multi-Processor System-on-Chip)의 전체적인 성능을 높이는데 유용하다.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.775-781
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• 2015

Background: RB1 (retinoblastoma 1) was reportedly one of the major determinative factors for sensitivity to taxanes in previous studies. In this study, we investigated the influence of RB1 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) on the efficacy of platinum-taxane regimens in advanced NSCLC patients. Materials and Methods: 234 cases of patients with advanced NSCLC who were treated with first-line platinum-taxane agents were enrolled in this study. Genomic DNA was extracted from patients' peripheral blood samples using a QIAamp DNA Maxi Kit, and genotyped by iSelect HD Bead-Chip. Results: Regression analyses were conducted through the univariate and multivariate Cox proportional hazards model in the 234 patients. The results showed that of the eight RB1 tagSNPs, only rs4151510 was a positive predictive factor for the advanced NSCLC patients treated with platinum taxanes regimen. The patients with G/G genotype of RB rs4151510 had longer overall survival (OS) than the non-G/G genotype (p=0.018). The histology was also correlated with OS in the whole advanced NSCLC patients. Three tagSNPs of RB1, rs4151510, rs4151465, rs9568036 were significantly associated with OS in the advanced NSCLC patients with squamous cell histology using Kaplan-Meier overall survival analysis stratified by histology. Conclusions: RB1 genomic variants were correlated with the efficacy of platinum-taxanes regimen. RB rs4151510 is an independent factor of the prognosis of NSCLC patients receiving platinum-taxane chemotherapy.

• 대한전자공학회논문지SD
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• 제43권10호
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• pp.45-53
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• 2006

본 논문에서는, H.264/AVC의 블록현상 제거필터의 병렬 하드웨어 구조를 제안한다. 블록현상 제거필터는 H.264/AVC에 있어서 고화질을 보장해주고 있지만, 높은 연산량을 필요로 하기 때문에 임베디드 환경에서는 하드웨어 구현이 필수적이다. 본 논문에서는 실시간 영상 처리를 위해 2개의 1-D 필터를 적용하고, Dual-port SRAM을 사용한 병렬 하드웨어 구조를 적용하였다. 구현된 하드웨어 구조는 Verilog-HDL로 나타내고 Synopsys Design Compiler와 Hynix 0.25um CMOS Cell Library를 이용하여 합성하였다. 구현된 크기는 27.3k의 하드웨어 로직 리소스를 사용하고(내부 SRAM 제외) 최대 동작 주파수는 약 100Mhz가 되었다. 제안한 병렬 구조는 하나의 매크로블록을 처리하는데 258클록이 소요되며, 이는 HD 1080P(1920화소${\times}$1080화소) 의 영상을 초당 47.8프레임으로 처리가 가능함을 말한다. 이는 하드웨어 기반의 H.264/AVC 실시간 부/복호화 시스템에 적합한 구조임을 보여준다.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.151-163
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• 2007

Objectives : Juglandis Semen herbal acupuncture solution(JSS) has a broad array of clinical applications in oriental medicine, including treatment of chronic musculoskeletal diseases such as arthritis. This study was performed to investigate the global gene expression profiles using microarray assay in RAW 264.7 cell line treated with JSS and to advance our understanding of the pharmacologic effect of JSS. Methods : Change of the gene expression profile in RAW cell line following treatment with lipopolysaccharide(LPS) alone, or with LPS plus JSS was investigated with a cut-off level of 2 fold change in the expression. Especially, Change of the gene expression by treatment with LPS alone was compared with that by treatment with LPS plus JSS with a cut-off level of 1/2 fold change in the expression. Results: Of the 8170 genes profiled in this study, 51 were upragulated and 21 downregulated following LPS treatment, and 88 were upregulated and 69 downregulated following costimulation of JSS and LPS. Of the 51 genes upregulated following LPS treatment, 10 were downregulated following costimulation of JSS and LPS. Of the 21 genes downregulated following LPS treatment, 3 were upregulated following costimulation of JSS and LPS. Conclusion : JSS treatment induced upregulation of some genes including IL-10 and downregulation of that including MMP13 with its possible implication in an antiinflammatory action of JSS. However, further research on expression profile changes induced by JSS treatment is expected.

• 대한전자공학회논문지SD
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• 제39권7호
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• pp.57-65
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• 2002

본 논문에서는 CMOS로 구현된 2.5v 10-bit 300MSPS의 D/A 변환기를 제안하였다. 이를 위해 전체구조는 고속동작에 유리한 전류구동 방식의 8+2 분할 타입으로 상위 8-bit은 Thermometer Code 기법을 이용한 전류셀 매트릭스(Current Cell Matrix)로, 하위 2-bit은 이진 가중 전류열(Binary Weighted Current Array)로 설계하였다. 우수한 다이내믹 특성 및 고속 동작을 만족시키기 위해 낮은 글리치 에너지를 갖는 새로운 전류셀과 BDD(Binary Decision Diagram)에 의한 논리합성 기법을 활용한 새로운 역 Thermometer Decoder를 제안하였다. 제안된 DAC는 $0.25{\mu}m$, 1-Poly, 5-Metal, n-well CMOS 공정으로 제작되었으며, 유효 칩 면적은 $1.56mm^2$이고, 2.5V의 전원전압에서 84mW의 전력소모를 나타내었다. 모의실험 및 측정을 통해 최대 글리치 에너지는 0.9pVsec@fs=100MHz, 15pVsec@fs=300MHz로 나타났다. 또한 출력 주파수가 1MHz, 샘플링 주파수가 300MHz에서의 INL과 DNL은 약 ${\pm}$1.5LSB 이내로, SFDR은 45dB로 측정되었다.

• 대한기계학회논문집B
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• 제20권10호
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• pp.3334-3343
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• 1996

A quantitative flow visualization technique was developed to measure velocity and temperature fields simultaneously in a two-dimensional cross section of thermo-fluid flows. Thermochromic liquid crystal(TLC) particles are used as temperature sensor and velocity tracers. Illuminating a thermo-fluid flow with a thin sheet of white light, the reflected colors from the TLC particles in the flow were captured simultaneously by two CCD cameras; a 3-chip CCD color camera for temperature field measurement and a black and white CCD camera for velocity field measurement. Variations of temperature field were measured by using a HSI true color image processing system and TLC solution. The relationship between the hue values of TLC color image and real temperature was obtained and this calibration curve was used to measure the true temperature under the same camera and illumination condition. The velocity field was obtained by using a 2-frame PTV technique using the concept of match-probability to track true velocity vectors from two consecutive image frames. These two techniques were applied at the same time to the unsteady thermal-fluid flow in a Hele-Shaw cell to measure the temperature and velocity field simultaneously and some results are discussed.

• Molecular & Cellular Toxicology
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• 제2권2호
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• pp.120-125
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• 2006

Phenytoin is an anti-epileptic. It works by slowing down impulses in the brain that cause seizures. The recent microarray technology enables us to understand possible mechanisms of genes related to compounds which have toxicity in biological system. We have studied that the effect of a compound related to hepatotoxin in vitro system using a rat whole genome microarray. In this study, we have used a rat liver epithelial cell line WB-F344 and phenytoin as a hepatotoxin. WB-F344 was treated with phenytoin for 1 to 24 hours. Total RNA was isolated at times 1, 6 and 24h following treatment of phenytoin, and hybridized to the microarray containing about 22,000 rat genes. After analysis with clustering methods, we have identified a total of 1,455 differentially expressed genes during the time course. Interestingly, about 1,049 genes exhibited differential expression pattern in response to phenytoin in early time. Therefore, the identification of genes associated with phenytoin in early response may give important insights into various toxicogenomic studies in vitro system.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제15권24호
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• pp.10847-10853
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• 2015

Background: Lapatinib, a dual tyrosine kinase inhibitor that interrupts the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and HER2/neu pathways, has been indicated to have significant efficacy in treating HER2-positive breast cancer. However, acquired drug resistance has become a very serious clinical problem that hampers the use of this agent. In this study, we aimed to screen small molecule drugs that might reverse lapatinib-resistance of breast cancer by exploring differentially expressed genes (DEGs) via a bioinformatics method. Materials and Methods: We downloaded the gene expression profile of BT474-J4 (acquired lapatinib-resistant) and BT474 (lapatinib-sensitive) cell lines from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database and selected differentially expressed genes (DEGs) using dChip software. Then, gene ontology and pathway enrichment analyses were performed with the DAVID database. Finally, a connectivity map was utilized for predicting potential chemicals that reverse lapatinib-resistance. Results: A total of 1, 657 DEGs were obtained. These DEGs were enriched in 10 pathways, including cell cycling, regulation of actin cytoskeleton and focal adhesion associate examples. In addition, several small molecules were screened as the potential therapeutic agents capable of overcoming lapatinib-resistance. Conclusions: The results of our analysis provided a novel strategy for investigating the mechanism of lapatinib-resistance and identifying potential small molecule drugs for breast cancer treatment.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제19권4호
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• pp.913-921
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• 2005

In this study, we investigated gene expression patterns induced by Ailanthus altissima extract and compared it with Gleevec, a well-known anti-leukemia drug, in K562 chromic leukemia cells. Ailanthus altissima extract(100 ug/ml) and Gleevec(50 ug/ml) were treated to cells for 1h, 2h, 4h, and 16h and total RNA was extracted. Gene expressions were evaluated using cDMA microarray, in which 24,000 genes were spotted. Hierarchical clustering analysis showed that expression of genes included in two clusters were increased or decreased time dependently by both Ailanthus altissima extract and Gleevec. Genes included in another cluster were induced by Ailanthus altissima extract but not by Gleevec. In biological process analysis, expression of genes involved in apoptosis, growth arrest and DNA-damage were increased, but genes stimulating cell cycle were decreased. This study provides comprehensive comparison of the patterns of gene expression changes induced by Ailanthus altissima extract and Gleevec in K-562 leukemia cells.