• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• v.54 no.4
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• pp.385-391
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• 2016

The discovery and understanding of antigenic proteins are essential for development of a vaccine against malaria. In Plasmodium falciparum, Pf92 have been characterized as a merozoite surface protein, and this protein is expressed at the late schizont stage, but no study of Pv92, the orthologue of Pf92 in P. vivax, has been reported. Thus, the protein structure of Pv92 was analyzed, and the gene sequence was aligned with that of other Plasmodium spp. using bioinformatics tools. The recombinant Pv92 protein was expressed and purified using bacterial expression system and used for immunization of mice to gain the polyclonal antibody and for evaluation of antigenicity by protein array. Also, the antibody against Pv92 was used for subcellular analysis by immunofluorescence assay. The Pv92 protein has a signal peptide and a sexual stage s48/45 domain, and the cysteine residues at the N-terminal of Pv92 were completely conserved. The N-terminal of Pv92 was successfully expressed as soluble form using a bacterial expression system. The antibody raised against Pv92 recognized the parasites and completely merged with PvMSP1-19, indicating that Pv92 was localized on the merozoite surface. Evaluation of the human humoral immune response to Pv92 indicated moderate antigenicity, with 65% sensitivity and 95% specificity by protein array. Taken together, the merozoite surface localization and antigenicity of Pv92 implicate that it might be involved in attachment and invasion of a merozoite to a new host cell or immune evasion during invasion process.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.27 no.6
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• pp.708-725
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• 2017

Ionizing radiation is enough energy to interact with matter to remove orbital electrons, neutrons, and protons in the atom. Ionizing radiation like this leads to oxidizing metabolism that alter molecular structure through direct and indirect interactions of radiation with the deoxyribonucleic acid in the nucleus and cytoplasmic organelles or via products of cytoplasm radiolysis. These ionization can result in tissue damage and disruption of cellular function at the molecular level. Consequently, ionizing radiation-induced modifications of ion channels and transporters have been reported. When the harmful effects exceed those of homeostatic biochemical processes, induced biological changes persist and may be propagated to progeny cells. Also, Reactive oxygen species formed on the effect of ionizing radiation can get across into neighboring cells through the cell junctions that are responsible for intercellular chemical communication, and may there bring about changes characteristic to radiation damage. Depending on radiation dose, dose-rate and quality, these protective mechanisms may or may not be sufficient to cope with the stress. This paper briefly reviewed reports on ionization radiation effects on cellular level that support the concept of radiation biology. A better understanding of the biological effects of ionizing radiation will lead to better use of and better protection from radiation.

• Proceedings of the Korea Society of Poultry Science Conference
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• 2005.11a
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• pp.64-65
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• 2005

Members of the Pumilio are the RNA binding proteins acting as translational repressors and required for germ cell development and asymmetric division. We identified chicken Pum1 and Pum2 that are similar to mouse and human in highly conserved C-terminal RNA-binding domain and eight tandem repeats. The comparative sequence analysis of Pum1 and Pum2 from fly, chicken, mouse and human shows high degree of evolutionary conservation in the homology of the peptide sequence and the structure of PUM-HD (Pumilio homology domain) with similar spacing between adjacent Pum repeats. Also, structures of chicken Pum1 and Pum2 genes are almost identical to those of mouse and human. We revealed that the expression levels of Pum1 and Pum2 were the highest in hatched female gonad among various embryonic tissues, and Pum2 expressed highly in 12-day and hatched gonad by real-time RT-PCR. These results suggest that Pum1 and Pum2 might have an effect on the development of chicken gonad.

• Journal of Korea Spatial Information System Society
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.55-62
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• 2009

Location based Services in the ubiquitous computing environment, namely u-LBS, use very large and skewed spatial objects that are closely related to locational information. It is especially essential to achieve fast search, which is looking for POI(Point of Interest) related to the location of users. This paper examines how to search large and skewed POI efficiently in the u-LBS environment. We propose the Dynamic-level Grid based R-Tree(DGR-Tree), which is an index for point data that can reduce the cost of stationary POI search. DGR-Tree uses both R-Tree as a primary index and Dynamic-level Grid as a secondary index. DGR-Tree is optimized to be suitable for point data and solves the overlapping problem among leaf nodes. Dynamic-level Grid of DGR-Tree is created dynamically according to the density of POI. Each cell in Dynamic-level Grid has a leaf node pointer for direct access with the leaf node of the primary index. Therefore, the index access performance is improved greatly by accessing the leaf node directly through Dynamic-level Grid. We also propose a K-Nearest Neighbor(KNN) algorithm for DGR-Tree, which utilizes Dynamic-level Grid for fast access to candidate cells. The KNN algorithm for DGR-Tree provides the mechanism, which can access directly to cells enclosing given query point and adjacent cells without tree traversal. The KNN algorithm minimizes sorting cost about candidate lists with minimum distance and provides NEB(Non Extensible Boundary), which need not consider the extension of candidate nodes for KNN search.

• Korean journal of food and cookery science
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• v.21 no.5
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• pp.733-741
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• 2005

Waxy barley flour was fermented by two kinds of starter cultures; L. plantarum and L. brevis, alone or in combination and the effect was evaluated on waxy barley and wheat composite bread quality. In all three barley sourdoughs, fermentation decreased the pH, total sugar and reducing sugar, and increased lactic acid bacteria cell numbers. However yeasts (S. cerevisiae) were reduced. There was significant difference in physicochemical characteristics between the reference(composite barley dough containing improvement agent) and the barley sourdoughs (p <0.05). Barley sourdough fermented by L. plantarum showed more desirable farinogram properties of peak time, stability and elasticity than that of the reference. The rheofermentometer data for L. brevis produced the most $CO_2$ release curve, whereas L. plantarum held maximum $CO_2$ retention differed significantly from that of the breads made with barley sourdoughs fermented with the respectives starter cultures (p < 0.05). Barley sourdough bread fermented with L. plantarum resulted in better bread quality than the reference bread. The positive effect of fermentation with L. plantarum on bread quality was evident when comparing the well developed protein-starch matrix structure of the bread baked with barley sourdough with the reference bread.

• Korean Journal of Ichthyology
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.65-77
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• 2006

Gene transcripts potentially responsive to the heat stress were surveyed by cDNA microarray analysis in mud loach (Misgurnus mizolepis). Transcriptional profiles of hepatic tissue in the fish exposed to either $23^{\circ}C$ or $32^{\circ}C$ for 4 weeks were compared each other by 3 replicated hybridization assays using 1,124 unigene clones selected from mud loach liver expressed sequence tags (ESTs). A total of 93 clones showed the substantially increased mRNA levels (>2-fold) in $32^{\circ}C$-exposed group when compared in $23^{\circ}C$control group. It includes various enzymes and proteins involved in energy pathway, protease/protein metabolisms, immune/antioxidant functions, cytoskeleton/cell structure, transport and/or signal transduction. Maximum level of increase was up to 15-fold relative to $23^{\circ}C$ treatment. Heat exposure also resulted in the significant decrease (less than 50% relative to $23^{\circ}C$-exposed fish) of the transcriptional activities in 85 genes. Besides the above categories, yolk protein (vitellogenin) and ribosomal proteins were notably down regulated in the fish exposed to heat stress. A number of novel gene transcripts were also detected in both up-regulated and down-regulated groups.

• Korean Journal of Plant Taxonomy
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• v.44 no.1
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• pp.22-32
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• 2014

The petal and sepal micromorphology of five species of Glechoma (Lamiaceae) was investigated to evaluate their taxonomic significance, and a molecular phylogeny using the sequences of internal transcribed spacers (ITS) regions of nuclear ribosomal DNA was carried out to resolve their phylogenetic relationships. Stomatal complexes were mostly found in the inner and outer part of the sepal from all investigated taxa, and the size length of the guard cell was variable among the taxa. Five types of trichomes (uni-cellular non-glandular trichome, multi-cellular non-glandular trichome, short-stalked capitate glandular trichome, long-stalked capitate glandular trichome, and peltate glandular trichome) were variable among the taxa as well as their distribution and density. In molecular phylogenetic studies, the genus Glechoma was composed of three geographically distinct major monophyletic groups (Europe-U.S.A., China-Korea, Japan). G. longituba in Korea and China formed well-supported monophyletic group. G. hederacea in Europe and U.S.A. formed a monophyletic and well-supported clade with G. sardoa, which are endemic species in Italy, with G. hirsuta falling as a sister to this clade. However, G. grandis did not form any phylogenetic relationships with the remaining taxa. The ITS analyses provided taxonomic boundaries of taxa in Glechoma although the petal and sepal micromorphological characters provided weak evidences of the systematic value. As further studies, incorporating more DNA regions to the matrix including other additional morphological analysis will be significant to provide clearer taxonomic structure in Glechoma.

• Development and Reproduction
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.93-96
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• 2006

The total length, head length, head height, eye diameter, retina thickness, and lens diameter of the dotted gizzard shad, Konosirus punctatus, showed positive allometric relationships between hatching and 30 days post-hatching (dph). The increase in total length relative to head length and head height, head length growth relative to eye and lens diameter, head height growth relative to eye diameter and lens diameter, and thickness of the retina relative to eye diameter, lens diameter, head length, and head height were showed allometric relationships. The eyes were formed completely at 9 dph. At this age, the eye has a lens, an optic nerve fiber layer, a ganglion cell layer, an inner plexiform layer, an inner nuclear layer, an outer plexiform layer, an outer nuclear layer, an outer limiting membrane, a rod and cone layer, and an epithelial layer. The essential demands that must be met by the retina in this species pertain to light sensitivity and spatial resolution.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.46 no.4
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• pp.404-409
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• 2014

In this study, the effects of high-pressure homogenizer treatment on the physicochemical properties of wheat bran from different areas were evaluated. The results showed that the high-pressure homogenizer process could effectively decrease particle size and loosen the microstructure of the wheat bran matrix. As the particle size decreased, the bulk density of wheat bran was significantly decreased (p<0.05) and the water-holding capacity, swelling capacity, oil-holding capacity, and cation-exchange capacity were substantially increased. In addition, microscopic analysis revealed the gradual disintegration of the original cell wall structure and the dissociation of bran tissues over the course of high-pressure homogenization treatment. Scanning electron micrographs showed that the process could also effectively separate out the structural components of wheat bran. These results suggest that the high-pressure homogenizer process is an effective method to modify the physicochemical properties of wheat bran and likely other cereal brans, which might provide potential fiber-rich ingredients for use in functional foods.

• Korean Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.33 no.4 s.92
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• pp.405-412
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• 2000

The fine structure of spermatozoa of Leiocassis ussuriensis was examined with scanning and transmission electron microscopies. The spermatozoon of L. ussuriensis is approximately $68.8\;{\mu}m$ in length and a relatively simple cell with a spherical nucleus, a short midpiece and a tail. The ultrastructure of spermatozoa of L. ussuriensis is characterized by the following features. The nuclear fossa, the length of which is about two-thirds of the nuclear diameter, contains two centrioles. The centrioles are orientated approximately $180^{\circ}$ to each other. The mitochondria are arranged in two layers and their number is 12 or more. The axoneme is the 9+2microtubular pattern and has inner but no outer dynein arms as in other bagrids. The two axonemal fins are in the same plane with the two central microtubules, the doublets 3 and 8. The axonemal fins and the inner dynein arm are shared in Bagridae and the deep nuclear fossa is shared in Siluriformes. The axonemal finsobse observed in Bagridae and Amblycipitidae of Siluriformes might be the apomorphic character in Ostariophysi. They are not reported in Cyprinidae and Characiformes.