• IMMUNE NETWORK
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• 제9권3호
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• pp.84-89
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• 2009

The main stream of CD137 studies has been directed to the function of CD137 in $CD8^+$ T-cell immunity, including its anti-tumor activity, and paradoxically the immunosuppressive activity of CD137, which proves to be of a great therapeutic potential for animal models of a variety of autoimmune and inflammatory diseases. Recent studies, however, add complexes to the biology of CD137. Accumulating is evidence supporting that there exists a bidirectional signal transduction pathway for the CD137 receptor and its ligand (CD137L). CD137/CD137L interactions are involved in the network of hematopoietic and nonhematopoietic cells in addition to the well characterized antigen-presenting cell-T cell interactions. Signaling through CD137L plays a critical role in the differentiation of myeloid cells and their cellular activities, suggesting that CD137L signals trigger and sustain inflammation. The overall consequence might be that the amplified inflammation by CD137L enhances the T-cell activity together with CD137 signals by upregulating costimulatory molecules, MHC molecules, cell adhesion molecules, cytokines, and chemokines. Solving this outstanding issue is urgent and will have an important clinical implication.

• Journal of Power Electronics
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.1-9
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• 2012

This study investigates an application of the Hamming network-dual extended Kalman filter (DEKF) based on pattern recognition for high accuracy state-of-charge (SOC)/capacity estimation and state-of-health (SOH) prediction at various temperatures. The averaged nine discharging/charging voltage-temperature (DCVT) patterns for ten fresh Li-Ion cells at experimental temperatures are measured as representative patterns, together with cell model parameters. Through statistical analysis, the Hamming network is applied to identify the representative pattern that matches most closely with the pattern of an arbitrary cell measured at any temperature. Based on temperature-checking process, model parameters for a representative DCVT pattern can then be applied to estimate SOC/capacity and to predict SOH of an arbitrary cell using the DEKF. This avoids the need for repeated parameter measuremet.

• 대한전자공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전자공학회 2002년도 ITC-CSCC -1
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• pp.670-673
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• 2002

This paper proposes a digital algorithm for gray-scale/color image segmentation of real-time video signals and a cell-network-based implementation architecture in state-of-the-art CMOS technology. Through extrapolation of design and simulation results we predict that about 300$\times$300 pixels can be integrated on a chip at 100nm CMOS technology, realizing very high-speed segmentation at about 1600sec per color image. Consequently real-time color-video segmentation will become possible in near future.

• 한국정밀공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국정밀공학회 1995년도 추계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.1182-1185
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• 1995

This paper presents a novel technology for unattented continuous monitoring of radioactive material in hot cell environments. In this monitoring system, the surveillance camera data and NDA data are time synchronized and integrated into the same dimension through data processing. The integrated information is then fed into a neural network to generate diagnostics through data processing. the integrated information of the concept is tested for a spent nuclear fuel transprotation in an operational hot cell at KAERI. The presented integral part of the multi-sensory system and the analytical paradigm may provide an effective technologyical alternative for safeguarding new conceptual hot cell facilities, namely the Dupic facility.

• 한국지능시스템학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국퍼지및지능시스템학회 1993년도 Fifth International Fuzzy Systems Association World Congress 93
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• pp.972-974
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• 1993

This paper presents a new method to automatically design fuzzy logic controller(FLC). The main problems of designing FLC are how to optimally and automatically select the control rules and the parameters of membership function (MF). Cell state space algorithms (CSS), differential competitive learning (DCL) and multialyer neural network are combined in this paper to solve the problems. When the dynamical model of a control process is known. CSS can be used to generate a group of optimal input output pairs(X, Y) used by a controller. The(X, Y) then can be used to determine the FLC rules by DCL and to determine the optimal parameters of MF by DCL and to determine the optimal parameters of MF by multilayer neural network trained by BP algorithm.

• Molecules and Cells
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• 제45권2호
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• pp.76-83
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• 2022

Neurons-on-a-Chip technology has been developed to provide diverse in vitro neuro-tools to study neuritogenesis, synaptogensis, axon guidance, and network dynamics. The two core enabling technologies are soft-lithography and microelectrode array technology. Soft lithography technology made it possible to fabricate microstamps and microfluidic channel devices with a simple replica molding method in a biological laboratory and innovatively reduced the turn-around time from assay design to chip fabrication, facilitating various experimental designs. To control nerve cell behaviors at the single cell level via chemical cues, surface biofunctionalization methods and micropatterning techniques were developed. Microelectrode chip technology, which provides a functional readout by measuring the electrophysiological signals from individual neurons, has become a popular platform to investigate neural information processing in networks. Due to these key advances, it is possible to study the relationship between the network structure and functions, and they have opened a new era of neurobiology and will become standard tools in the near future.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제13권12호
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• pp.6375-6378
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• 2012

Background: Small-cell lung cancer (also known as SCLC) is an aggressive form and untreated patients generally die within about 3 months. To obtain further insight into mechanism underlying malignancy with this cancer, an miRNA synergistic regulatory network was constructed and analyzed in the present study. Method: A miRNA microarray dataset was downloaded from the NCBI GEO database (GSE27435). A total of 546 miRNAs were identified to be expressed in SCLC cells. Then a miRNA synergistic network was constructed, and the included miRNAs mapped to the network. Topology analysis was also performed to analyze the properties of the synergistic network. Consequently, we could identified constitutive modules. Further, common target genes of each module were identified with CFinder. Finally, enrichment analysis was performed for target genes. Results: In this study, a miRNA synergistic network with 464 miRNAs and 2981 edges was constructed. According to the topology analysis, the topological properties between the networks constructed by LC related miRNAs and LC unrelated miRNAs were significantly different. Moreover, a module cilque0 could be identified in our network using CFinder. The module included three miRNAs (hsa-let-7c, hsa-let-7b and hsa-let-7d). In addition, several genes were found which were predicted to be common targets of cilque0. The enrichment analysis demonstrated that these target genes were enriched in MAPK signaling pathways. Conclusions: Although limitations exist in the current data, the results uncovered here are important for understanding the key roles of miRNAs in SCLC. However, further validation is required since our results were based on microarray data derived from a small sample size.

• Journal of Communications and Networks
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• 제6권3호
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• pp.216-225
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• 2004

In a cellular network, if there are too many data users in a cell, data may suffer long delay, and system's quality-of-service (QoS) will degrade. Some traditional schemes such as dynamic channel-allocation scheme (DCA) will assign more channels to hot (or overloaded) cells through a central control system (CC) and the throughput increase will be upper bounded by the number of new channels assigned to the cell. In mobile-assisted data forwarding (MADF), we add an ad-hoc overlay to the fixed cellular infrastructure and special channels-called forwarding channels- are used to connect mobile units in a hot cell and its surrounding cold cells without going through the hot cell's base station. Thus, mobile units in a hot cell can forward data to other cold cells to achieve load balancing. Most of the forwarding-channel management work in MADF is done by mobile units themselves in order to relieve the load from the CC. The traffic increase in a certain cell will not be upper bounded by the number of forwarding channels. It can be more if the users in hot cell are significantly far away from one another and these users can use the same forwarding channels to forward data to different cold neighboring cells without interference. We find that, in a system using MADF, under a certain delay requirement, the throughput in a certain cell or for the whole net-work can be greatly improved.

• Smart Structures and Systems
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.69-92
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• 2011

This paper presents an emergent pattern recognition approach based on the immune network theory and hierarchical clustering algorithms. The immune network allows its components to change and learn patterns by changing the strength of connections between individual components. The presented immune-network-based approach achieves emergent pattern recognition by dynamically generating an internal image for the input data patterns. The members (feature vectors for each data pattern) of the internal image are produced by an immune network model to form a network of antibody memory cells. To classify antibody memory cells to different data patterns, hierarchical clustering algorithms are used to create an antibody memory cell clustering. In addition, evaluation graphs and L method are used to determine the best number of clusters for the antibody memory cell clustering. The presented immune-network-based emergent pattern recognition (INEPR) algorithm can automatically generate an internal image mapping to the input data patterns without the need of specifying the number of patterns in advance. The INEPR algorithm has been tested using a benchmark civil structure. The test results show that the INEPR algorithm is able to recognize new structural damage patterns.

• 한국통신학회논문지
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• 제27권2C호
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• pp.160-169
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• 2002

ATM PON (Passive Optical Network) 시스템은 OLT (Optical Line Termination)와 다수의 ONU (Optical Network Unit), 그리고 스플리터와 함께 PON을 구성하는 광케이블로 구성된다. 상향 전송에서 셀 충돌을 피하기 위하여, 새로운 ONU가 설치될 때 ranging이라는 정교한 절차를 필요로 한다. 이 절차가 종료된 후에 ONU는 OLT가 제공하는 승인에 따라 상향 셀을 전송할 수 있다. 여러 가지 요인의 변화에 의해 발생할 수 있는 셀 충돌을 예방하기 위하여, OLT는 지속적으로 셀 위상 감시를 수행해야 한다. 이는 OLT가 모든 상향 셀에 대하여 기대되는 도착 시점을 예측하고, 실제 도착하는 시점을 감시하여, 두 시점 간의 오차를 계산하는 것을 의미한다. 따라서, OLT의 TC (Transmission Convergence) 칩에는 현재 제공하는 승인에 대한 셀의 도착할 시점을 계산할 수 있는 예측기가 필요하다. 본 논문에서는 이러한 예측기를 등화왕복지연에 해당하는 길이를 갖는 이동 레지스터를 이용하여 구현한다. 하나의 레지스터는 8 비트로 구성되어, OLT는 어떤 ONU가 어떤 종류의 셀을 보내는지 확인할 수 있다. 또한 TC 칩은 예측기의 기능을 이용하여 ONU의 유효 대역폭을 계산할 수 있다. 타임 시뮬레이션과 구현된 광 보드를 측정하여, 예측기의 동작을 확인한다.