• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.200-208
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• 2019

Probiotics show low cell viability after oral administration because they have difficulty surviving in the stomach due to low pH and enzymes. For the oral delivery of probiotics, developing a formula that protects the probiotic bacteria from gastric acidity while providing living cells is mandatory. In this study, we developed tablets using a new pH-sensitive phthalyl inulin (PI) to protect probiotics from gastric conditions and investigated the effects of different compression forces on cell survival. We made three different tablets under different compression forces and measured survivability, disintegration time, and kinetics in simulated gastric-intestinal fluid. During tableting, there were no significant differences in probiotic viability among the different compression forces although disintegration time was affected by the compression force. A higher compression force resulted in higher viability in simulated gastric fluid. The swelling degree of the PI tablets in simulated intestinal fluid was higher than that of the tablets in simulated gastric fluid due to the pH sensitivity of the PI. The probiotic viability formulated in the tablets was also higher in acidic gastric conditions than that for probiotics in solution. Rapid release of the probiotics from the tablet occurred in the simulated intestinal fluid due to the pH sensitivity. After 6 months of refrigeration, the viability of the PI probiotics was kept. Overall, this is the first study to show the pH-sensitive properties of PI and one that may be useful for oral delivery of the probiotics.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.1067-1072
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• 2013

Hiwi, a human homologue of the Piwi family, plays an important role in stem cell self-renewal and is overexpressed in various human tumors. This study aimed to determine whether an RNA interference-based strategy to suppress Hiwi expression could inhibit tumor growth in a xenograft mouse model. A rare population of $SSC^{lo}\;Alde^{br}$ cells was isolated and identified as lung cancer stem cells in our previous study. Plasmids containing U6 promoter-driven shRNAs against Hiwi or control plasmids were successfully established. The xenograft tumor model was generated by subcutaneously inoculating with lung cancer stem cell $SSC^{lo}\;Alde^{br}$ cells. After the tumor size reached about 8 mm in diameter, shRNA plasmids were injected into the mice via the tail vein three times a week for two weeks, then xenograft tumor growth was assessed. In nude mice, intravenously delivery of Hiwi shRNA plasmids significantly inhibited tumor growth compared to treatment with control scrambled shRNA plasmids or the vehicle PBS. No mice died during the experiment and no adverse events were observed in mice administered the plasmids. Moreover, delivery of Hiwi shRNA plasmids resulted in a significant suppressed expression of Hiwi and ALDH-1 in xenograft tumor samples, based on immunohistochemical analysis. Thus, shRNA-mediated Hiwi gene silencing in lung cancer stem cells by an effective in vivo gene delivery strategy appeared to be an effective therapeutic approach for lung cancer, and may provide some useful clues for RNAi gene therapy in solid cancers.

• Korean Journal of Plant Tissue Culture
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• v.21 no.5
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• pp.309-314
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• 1994

To develop simple and efficient transformation methods of monocotyledonous plane, electroporation-mediated delivery of DNA into intact embryogenic cell clumps was investigated in zoysiagrass and rice. Calli of zoysiagrass, induced from 3-week-old immature embryos, were suspension-cultured in MS basic medium supplemented with 1.0 mg/t 2.4-D and used for elechuporation. Calli, derived from immature inflorescences of 20 mm lenth of rice, were also suspension-cultured on N6 basic medium supplemented with 1.0 mg/L 2.4-D. Suspension-cultured embryogenic cell clumps were electroporated in liqid MS medium added with a Plasmid DNA (30 $\mu\textrm{m}$/ml), pGA1074, encoding ${\beta}$-glucuronidiase (GUS). DNA delivery into the cells through cell walls and cell membrane was confirmed by the transient expression of the GUS gene. Cell clumps of zoysiagrass and rice, electroporated with 400 volt at 800 pF capacitance, expressed GUS gene activity at a mean frequency of 25 units (one unit = one clony of blue cells) per 200 ${\mu}\ell$ of packed cell volume. Untreated cells and healed non-embryogenic cells did not exhibit GUS activity These results indicate that electroporation-mediated transformation can use intact embryogenic cells (thus avoiding the use protoplasts) in zoysiagrass and rice.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.161-165
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• 1990

An automated, simple, and reliable method was developed for determining in vitro drug release rate from transdermal delivery dosage forms. The patch is held in position in the heating block by sandwiching it between the middle plate and the bottom plate of diffusion cell. The dissolution profile of the commercially available transdermal scopolamine patch was determined over a 72-h period, and the results were compared with those obtained with other methods; paddle-over-disk method, reciprocating method, and diffusion cell method. It was demonstrated that the flow-through method is equivalent in terms of release rate profile and accumulated released drug amount over the lifetime of the dosage form tested. Also this method is simple, reliable and reproducible. Therefore, this technique can be used in a quality control for assuring product uniformity.

• Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering:BBE
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.179-183
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• 2004

A biocompatible polyelectrolyte complex multilayer (PECML) film consisting of poly-L-lysine (PLL) as a polycation and hyaluronic acid (HA) as a polyanion was developed to test its use for surface modification to prevent cell attachment and protein drug delivery. The formation of PECML through the electrostatic interaction of HA and PLL was confirmed by contact angle measurement, ESCA analysis, and HA content analysis. HA content increased rapidly up to 8 cycles for HA/PLL deposition and then slightly increased with an increasing number of deposition cycle. In vitro release of PLL in the PECML continued up to 4 days and ca. 25% of HA remained on the chitosan-coated cover glass after in vitro release test for 7 days. From the results, PECML of HA and PLL appeared to be stable for about 4 days. The surface modification of the chitosan-coated cover glass with PECML resulted in drastically reduced peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) attachment. Concerned with its use for protein drug delivery, we confirmed that bovine serum albumin (BSA) as a model protein could be incorporated into the PECML and its release might be triggered by the degradation of HA with hyaluronidase.

• Childhood Kidney Diseases
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.67-76
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• 2019

Kidney disease is a major global health issue. Hemodialysis and kidney transplantation have been used in the clinic to treat renal failure. However, the dialysis is not an effective long-term option, as it is unable to replace complete renal functions. Kidney transplantation is the only permanent treatment for end-stage renal disease (ESRD), but a shortage of implantable kidney tissues limits the therapeutic availability. As such, there is a dire need to come up with a solution that provides renal functions as an alternative to the current standards. Recent advances in cell-based therapy have offered new therapeutic options for the treatment of damaged kidney tissues. Particularly, cell secretome therapy utilizing bioactive compounds released from therapeutic cells holds significant beneficial effects on the kidneys. This review will describe the reno-therapeutic effects of secretome components derived from various types of cells and discuss the development of efficient delivery methods to improve the therapeutic outcomes.

• Journal of Broadcast Engineering
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• v.27 no.5
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• pp.762-772
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• 2022

Current disaster alert broadcasting based on mobile communication systems targets personal mobile terminals such as smartphones. However, smart cities require IoT-based services such as smart homes and offices. Therefore, when severe disasters such as earthquakes occur, smart cities must quickly perform appropriate control and respond to buildings and factories. For this, a disaster warning broadcasting technique for IoT terminals for smart cities is required. In this paper, we propose a disaster alert transmission method based on 4G/5G mobile communication for IoT terminals for smart cities. The proposed method effectively utilizes the image display method for CBS, a cell-based broadcasting service, and shows the superiority of the proposed approach through simulation.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• v.38 no.5
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• pp.319-323
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• 2008

For transdermal delivery of ceramides, various liposomes formulations were studied and evaluated. Sodium deoxycholate (SDC), Tween 20 and Span 85 were used as edge activators. The skin permeation of ceramides was performed using a Franz cell apparatus with hairless mouse skin. Among edge activators, SDC showed the higher values of deformability index and skin permeation than did others. For optimization of formulations, we varied the ratios of lipids to edge activators and the compositions between phosphatidylcholine (PC) and ceramides. The optimal ratio of lipid to SDC was observed to be 6:1 (w:w) and that of PC and ceramide was 1:1. Our results suggest that the skin permeation of ceramides could be enhanced by optimized deformable formulations of liposomes containing SDC as a major edge activator.

• Macromolecular Research
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• v.16 no.6
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• pp.481-488
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• 2008

Apoptosis is a natural cell suicide mechanism to maintain homeostasis. However, many of the diseases encountered today are caused by aberrant apoptosis where excessive apoptosis leads to neurodegenerative disorders, ischemic heart disease, autoimmune disorders, infectious diseases, etc. A variety of antiapoptotic agents have been reported to interfere with the apoptosis pathway. These agents can be potential drug candidates for the treatment or prevention of diseases caused by dysregulated apoptosis. Obviously, world-wide pharmaceutical and biotechnology companies are gearing up to develop antiapoptotic drugs with some products being commercially available. Polymeric drug delivery systems are essential to their success. Recent R&D efforts have focused on the chemical or bioconjugation of antiapoptotic proteins with the protein transduction domain (PTD) for higher cellular uptake with antibodies for specific targeting as well as with polymers to enhance the protein stability and prolonged effect with success observed both in vivo and in vitro. All these different fusion antiapoptotic proteins provide promising results for the treatment of dysregulated apoptosis diseases.

• Prospectives of Industrial Chemistry
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• v.20 no.6
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• pp.40-53
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• 2017

나노전달체 관련 기술은 다양한 질병 치료에 사용되어 단위세포 수준의 치료를 가능하게 할 뿐 아니라 영상 진단과 접목되어 질병의 진단 및 치료가 동시에 가능한 기술로 진화하고 있다. 본지에서는 이러한 연구 중 하나로 생체모사 나노전달체에 대해 다룬다. 다양한 면역세포 및 백혈구, 적혈구 등의 살아있는 세포의 기능을 나노전달체에 부여하여 전달효율 및 치료효과를 높이고자 하는 기술이다. 지금까지의 나노전달체 연구 및 개발 동향에 대하여 간략하게 살펴보고 특별히 최근 주목 받고 있는 생체모사 나노전달체의 개념, 제조 방법, 응용 및 앞으로의 전망에 대하여 논하였다.