• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.293-297
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• 2004

This study was carried out to investigate the antitumor activity from sulfur fed duck. The antitumor substances were crude purified by solvent extraction, silica gel column chromatography, and HPLC using C18 column. In MTT assay, the active compounds exhibited more cytotoxic activity on tumor cell lines than normal cell line. In addition of 100 $\mu\textrm{g}$/mL concentrations of crude purified active compounds, the growth inhibition rate of tumor cell lines was 56% (Hep-2j human larynx), 58% (KB; human epidermoid of mouth carcinoma), and 28% (MDBK; bovine normal kidney), respectively. The survival rate of clonogenic assay was 26% in Hep-2 and 28% in KB at 200 $\mu\textrm{g}$/mL.

• The Korea Journal of Herbology
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.31-37
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• 2011

Objectives : This study was focused to investigate the toxicity of Saussurea lappa (SL) extracts in HL-60 cells and human lymphocytes. We also examined the differentiation effect of SL against leukemia cells. Methods : For examining the toxicity of SL, cytokinesis-block micronucleus (CBMN) assay and single cell gel eletrophoresis (SCGE) assay were used in present study. The cell differentiation effect of SL was evaluated by nitroblue tetrazolium (NBT) reduction assay. Results : The inhibition of cell growth in HL-60 cells was observed in a dose-dependant manner after SL treatment for 24 h. According to SCGE assay, HL-60 cells treated with SL increased DNA damage at $10{\mu}g/m{\ell}$, while DNA damage was induced by 0.1, 1, $10{\mu}g/m{\ell}$ concentration of SL in human lymphocytes. Our results indicated that SL have no genotoxic effect in HL-60 cells and human lymphocytes. Additionally, the differentiation effect was induced in $1{\mu}g/m{\ell}$ SL-treated HL-60 cells. Conclusions : From above results it is suggested that SL could be beneficial for the preparation of the useful agent for treating leukemia.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.1-6
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• 2014

P-glycoprotein (P-gp) is a permeability glycoprotein also known as multidrug resistance protein 1 (MDR1). P-gp is an ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter that pumps various types of drugs out of cells. These transporters reduce the intracellular concentrations of drugs and disturb drug absorption. The Caco-2 cell permeability assay system is an effective in vitro system that predicts the intestinal absorption of drugs and the functions of enzymes and transporters. Rhodamine-123 (R-123) and digoxin are well-known P-gp substrates that have been used to determine the function of P-gp. Efflux of P-gp substrates by P-gp has been routinely evaluated. To date, a number of herbal medicines have been tested with Caco-2 cell permeability assay system to assess bioavailability. There are growing efforts to find phytochemicals that potentially regulate P-gp function. The Caco-2 cell permeability assay system is a primary strategy to search for candidates of P-gp inhibitors. In this mini review, we have summarized the P-gp modulation by herbal extracts, decoctions or single components from natural products using Caco-2 cell permeability assays. Many natural products are known to regulate P-gp and herbal medicines could be used in combination with conventional drugs to enhance bioavailability.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.212-219
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• 2013

Objectives : Cirsium japonicum is a traditional Korean medicine that has been used in the treatment of inflammatory diseases such as appendicitis, hepatitis, pulmonary abscess and tumor. The aim of study was to elucidate anti-migratory activity of CJP(Cirsium japonicum pharmacopuncture) through regulation of inflammatory mediators in C6 glioma cell. Methods : Nitric oxide(NO) production was determined by using nitrite assay. The cell migration was analyzed by wound-healing assay and Boyden chamber assay. The expression levels of iNOS, and protein kinase C(PKC)-${\alpha}$ were measured by western blotting assay. Results : CJP showed a significant decrease on NO production. Moreover, glioma cell migration was effectively suppressed by CJP. Furthermore, CJP inhibited the expressions of iNOS and PKC-${\alpha}$ in C6 glioma cells. Conclusions : These results suggest that CJP inhibits glioma cell migration and iNOS expression through regulation of PKC-${\alpha}$. Therefore, it is expected that CJP could be an effective agents for blocking malignant progression of glioma.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Prosthodontics
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• v.42 no.3
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• pp.261-266
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• 2004

Statement of problem. The effects of surface roughness have not or insufficiently been analyzed on earlier events such as cell adhesion though cell behavior most germane to implant performance is cell adhesion. Purpose. The purpose of this study was to evaluate cell adhesion of osteoblast-like cells (MG63) onto three types of titanium disks with varying roughness using the Elisa assay. Materials and methods. Representative disks from each group (SLA, HA, machined) were subjected to surface analysis and surface roughness was measured by the optical interferometer (Accura 2000, Intekplus Co., Seoul, Korea). Following this, MG63 cells were cultured on the titanium disks and released. Cell adhesion measurements using the Elisa assay were performed specifically at three points: after 24, 48, and 72 hours of culture. Results. Among the 3 types of surface analyzed, the SLA surface was the roughest with a Ra value of $1.114{\mu}m$ followed by HA coated surface and machined surface, consecutively. The optical density values for the SLA surface group was significantly higher than that of the machined and HA coated surface groups following 24 and 48 hours of culture. The cell culture on HA coated surface showed significantly higher values compared to the machined surface following 24, 48 and 72 hours of culture. Conclusion. The results suggest that surface treatment of titanium surfaces enhanced cell adhesion of human osteoblast-like cells (MG63).

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.16 no.9
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• pp.1384-1391
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• 2006

The signal transduction system is one of the most important devices involved in maintaining life, and many protein kinases are included in the cellular signal transduction system. Finding a protein kinase inhibitor is very valuable, as it can be used to study cell biology and applied to pharmaceuticals. For the efficient and rapid screening of protein kinase inhibitors, two assay systems were combined; the nonradioactive protein kinase assay system that uses an FITC-labeled IRS-2 peptide and the cell-based paper disc assay system that uses Streptomyces griseus as the indicator strain. Among 330 kinds of herb extracts tested, the extract of Dalbergia odorifera exhibited the strongest inhibitory activity in the two assay systems and was selected for further isolation. Based on solvent extraction and many steps of chromatography, seven compounds were finally separated to homogeneity and their structures determined by $^{1}H$ and $^{13}C$ NMR spectroscopies. Four were to be flavonoids and identified as butin ($C_{15}H_{12}O_5$, Mw=272.07), 3'-hydroxymelanetin ($C_{16}H_{12}O_6$, Mw=300.06), liquiritigenin ($C_{15}H_{12}O_4$, Mw=256.07), and 2'-hydroxyformononetin ($C_{16}H_{12}O_{5}$, Mw=284.07). 3'-Hydroxymelanetin inhibited the phosphorylation of the GSK3 protein by Akt to 37% at a concentration of $10{\mu}g/ml$ and showed the strongest cytotoxicity ($ED_{50}<50{\mu}g/ml$) against the human cancer cell line HCT116. Under the same conditions, liquiritigenin also inhibited the phosphorylation of GSK3 by Akt to 26%, and its cytotoxicity against the HCT116 cell line was lower than $100{\mu}g/ml$.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.28-38
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• 2002

Objectives : This study was to examine the efficacy of GCT on the hepatoprotective effect in the liver function and immune octivity. Methods : The experiment to investigate the hepatoprotective effect of GCT on the liver damage was conducted with D-galactosamine. The experiments to verify the effects of GCT on the immune activity were conducted by carbon clearance assay, plaque-forming cell SRBC assay of IgM, lymphoproliferation assay of T and B cells, and adherence and phagocytosis of mocrophages. Results: In the damage of liver induced by D-galactosamine, GCT carried hepatoprotective effect on AST. In carbon clearance assay GCT showed significant effect on phagocytosis of Kuffer cells. In the plaque-forming cell assay, GCT improved the formation of IgM. In the lymphoproliferation assay, GCT activated the formation of T and B lymphocytes. In macrophages, GCT activated adherence and phagocytosis. Conclusion : Though further study is needed, our findings suggest that GCT could be recommended as hepatoprotector and immune modulator for liver disease.

• Environmental Analysis Health and Toxicology
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• v.9 no.1_2
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• pp.19-23
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• 1994

The tetrazolium dye, 3-(4, 5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2, 5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT), is reduced by live but not dead cell, and this reaction is used as the end point in a rapid drug screening assay. It can also be used for accurate determinations of drug sensitivity but only if a quantative relationship is established between cell number and MTT-formazan production. Several conditions were examined to devise an in vitro assay method in primary cultured hepatocytes, such as optimum wavelength, optimal MTT concentration, optimal incubation time, and cell density.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.37 no.5
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• pp.532-537
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• 1993

Angiogenesis refers to the formation of new capillary blood vessels, or neovascularization occurring under various physical conditions, such as development of the embryo, formation of corpus luteum, wound healing and pathological conditions including tumor growth and metastases, hemangiomas, diabetic retinopathy, rheumatoid arthritis. There are many evidences that angiogenesis is important for the progressive growth of solid tumors and also permits the shedding of metastatic tumors from the primary site. Thus, treatment of angiogenesis inhibitors might be a novel strategy for tumor growth inhibition. Normal vascular endothelial cells are in a state of differentiation and angiogenic endothelial cells migrate and proliferate, and they subsequently differentiate into vessel-forming quiescent phenotype cells, Therfore, it was speculated that a modifier of cell differentiation could also affect angiogenesis. In order to identify new antiangiogenic factors, the research was conducted to estimate the inhibitory activities of cell differentiation agents by means of chick embryo chorioallantoic membrane(CAM) assay. Hence, we have established the CAM assay for the screening of antiangiogenic agents. Using the CAM assay, we found that ursolic acid, a tumor cell differentiation-inducing agent, showed a markedly inhibitory effect on chick embryonic angiogenesis.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.353-356
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• 1998

Geraniol (1), olivetol (2), cannabinoids (3 and 4) and 5-fluorouracil (5) were tested for their growth inhibitory effects against human oral epitheloid carcinoma cell lines (KB) and NIH 3T3 fibrobalsts using two different 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay and sulforhodamine B protein (SRB) assay. Cannabigerol (3) exhibited the highest growth-inhibitory activity against the cancer cell lines.