• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.50 no.1
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• pp.42-48
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• 2023

Background The temporalis muscle flap transfer with fascia lata augmentation (FLA) is a promising method for smile reconstruction after facial palsy. International literature lacks a detailed anatomical analysis of the temporalis muscle (TPM) combined with fascia lata (FL) augmentation. This study aims to describe the muscle's properties and calculate the length of FL needed to perform the temporalis muscle flap transfer with FLA. Methods Twenty nonembalmed male (m) and female (f) hemifacial cadavers were dissected to investigate the temporalis muscle's anatomy. Results The calculated minimum length of FL needed is 7.03cm (f) and 5.99cm (m). The length of the harvested tendon is 3.16cm/± 1.32cm (f) and 3.18/± 0.73cm (m). The length of the anterior part of the temporalis muscle (aTPM) is 4.16/± 0.80cm (f) and 5.30/± 0.85cm (m). The length of the posterior part (pTPM) is 5.24/± 1.51cm (f) and 6.62/± 1.03cm (m). The length from the most anterior to the most posterior point (aTPMpTPM) is 8.60/± 0.98cm (f) and 10.18/± 0.79cm (m). The length from the most cranial point to the distal tendon (cTPMdT) is 7.90/± 0.43cm (f) and 9.79/± 1.11cm (m). Conclusions This study gives basic information about the temporalis muscle and its anatomy to support existing and future surgical procedures in their performance. The recommended minimum length of FL to perform a temporalis muscle transfer with FLA is 7.03cm for female and 5.99cm for male, and minimum width of 3 cm. We recommend harvesting some extra centimeters to allow adjusting afterward.

• BMB Reports
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• v.50 no.3
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• pp.138-143
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• 2017

Ovariectomy-induced bone loss is related to an increased deposition of osteoclasts on bone surfaces. We reported that the 36-amino-acid-long neuropeptide Y (NPY) could mobilize hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells (HSPCs) from the bone marrow to the peripheral blood by regulating HSPC maintenance factors and that mobilization of HSPCs ameliorated low bone density in an ovariectomy-induced osteoporosis mouse model by reducing the number of osteoclasts. Here, we demonstrated that new NPY peptides, recombined from the cleavage of the full-length NPY, showed better functionality for HSPC mobilization than the full-length peptide. These recombinant peptides mediated HSPC mobilization with greater efficiency by decreasing HSPC maintenance factors. Furthermore, treatment with these peptides reduced the number of osteoclasts and relieved ovariectomy-induced bone loss in mice more effectively than treatment with full-length NPY. Therefore, these results suggest that peptides recombined from full-length NPY can be used to treat osteoporosis.

• JSTS:Journal of Semiconductor Technology and Science
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.11-20
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• 2008

The structure of 2-bit/cell flash memory device was characterized for sub-50 nm non-volatile memory (NVM) technology. The memory cell has spacer-type storage nodes on both sidewalls in a recessed channel region, and is erased (or programmed) by using band-to-band tunneling hot-hole injection (or channel hot-electron injection). It was shown that counter channel doping near the bottom of the recessed channel is very important and can improve the $V_{th}$ margin for 2-bit/cell operation by ${\sim}2.5$ times. By controlling doping profiles of the channel doping and the counter channel doping in the recessed channel region, we could obtain the $V_{th}$ margin more than ${\sim}1.5V$. For a bit-programmed cell, reasonable bit-erasing characteristics were shown with the bias and stress pulse time condition for 2-bit/cell operation. The length effect of the spacer-type storage node is also characterized. Device which has the charge storage length of 40 nm shown better ${\Delta}V_{th}$ and $V_{th}$ margin for 2-bit/cell than those of the device with the length of 84 nm at a fixed recess depth of 100 nm. It was shown that peak of trapped charge density was observed near ${\sim}10nm$ below the source/drain junction.

• Journal of Radiation Protection and Research
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.15-24
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• 2009

The effect of low doses of ultraviolet (UV) irradiation on morphology changes of cell has been studied based on the observation of the cell length. It was shown that UV-irradiated cell has different behavior in comparison with non-irradiated cell. From the histogram of cell-length distribution, it was confirmed that cell cycle of non irradiated cell was 28 hours, and that cell cycle of irradiated cell with dose of $20\;Jm^{-2}$ was delayed (39 hours), while irradiated cell with $40\;Jm^{-2}$ and $60\;Jm^{-2}$ did not divide and kept growing continuously. It was supposed that in case of $20\;Jm^{-2}$ of irradiation dose, the cell cycle was delayed because the checkpoint worked in order to repair DNA damage induced by generation of pyrimidine dimer, reactive oxygen species and so on. It was also supposed that in case of $40\;Jm^{-2}$ and $60\;Jm^{-2}$ of irradiation dose, overgrowth was induced because the checkpoint was not worked well. The morphology of overgrown cell was similar to that of normally senescent cell. Therefore, it was considered that cell senescence was accelerated by UV irradiation with irradiation doses of $40\;Jm^{-2}$ and $60\;Jm^{-2}$.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.34 no.9A
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• pp.656-663
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• 2009

In 3GPP LTE system downlink, PSS (primary synchronization signal) and SSS (secondary synchronization signal) sequences are used for initial cell search and synchronization. UE (user equipment) detects slot timing, frequency offset, and cell ID by using PSS. After that it should detect frame timing, cell group ID, and CP length by using SSS. But in 3GPP LTE, there are two kinds of CP length, so we should operate FFT twice. In this paper, to minimize SSS detection complexity in cell searcher, we propose a CP length pre-decision algorithm that reduces the arithmetical complexity by half at most, with negligible performance degradation.

• Journal of Microbiology
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• v.37 no.2
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• pp.90-96
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• 1999

The core protein of the hepatitis C virus (HCV) is a multifunctional protein. The HCV core protein was reported to regulate cellular gene expression and transform primary rat embryo fibroblast cells. However, the role of the core protein in the pathogenesis of HCV-associated liver diseases is not well understood. To investigate the functional role of the core protein in cytophathogenicity, we have constructed stable expression systems of full length or truncated HCV core protein lacking the C-terminal hyderophobic domains and established HepG2 cell clones constitutively expressing the core protein. The full length core protein was localized in the cytoplasm and the C-terminal truncated core protein was localized in the nucleus. HepG2 cells expressing nuclear, truncated core protein showed elevated cell death during cultivation compared to untransfected cells and full length core-expressing cells. In the treatment with bleomycin, both cell clones expressing full length or truncated core protein appeared to be more sensitive to blemoycin than the parental HepG2 cells. These results suggest that the core protein may play a role in HCV pathogenesis promoting apoptotic cell death of infected cells.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.44 no.4
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• pp.604-612
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• 2017

In this study, the effects of planting density on the growth of chrysanthemum in a greenhouse were evaluated on two popular varieties (i.e., Sinma and Moonlight). Planting density treatments were as follows: 1) $12cm{\times}12cm$, 2) $6cm{\times}12cm$, 3) $6cm{\times}12cm$ with one-cell vacant, and 4) $6cm{\times}12cm$ with two-cell vacant. Size of each treatments indicate one chrysanthemum was planted in that sized cell that was rectangular shaped field and these treatments were located in a line. Moreover, "one and two-cell vacant" means that it makes middle point of the field empty, offers beside chrysanthemum larger spaces to grow. For the Sinma variety, the results of growth and flowering characteristics at the harvesting stage showed that leaf number, leaf length, flower length, and leaf area were highest when the crop was planted at the $12cm{\times}12cm$ density, and the next preferable density was $6cm{\times}12cm$ with one-cell vacant. For the Moonlight variety, the results showed that stalk height and diameter, leaf number and length, flower length, leaf area, and flower number were highest at the $12cm{\times}12cm$ planting density. For Sinma, ratios of marketable production were 87.5% and 83.3% for the $12cm{\times}12cm$ and $6cm{\times}12cm$ with two-cell vacant, respectively. For Moonlight, ratios were 88.0% and 84.3% for the $12cm{\times}12cm$ and $6cm{\times}12cm$ with two-cell vacant.

• Solar Energy
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.54-59
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• 1985

Due to the grainboundary recombination and the poor diffusion length, the polycrystalline cell efficiency is lower than the singlecrystalline cell. In order to define the effect of grains and grain-boundaries, 2 - dimensional differential diffusion equations of minority carrier are modelled. To solve them, two theoretical formulas are derived, which can be evaluated the grainboundary recombination velocity and the grain diffusion length. Also computer-aided numerical analysis is given.

• Honam Mathematical Journal
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.19-25
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• 2011

Let G be the general linear group GL(n,$\mathbb{C}$), $W_0$ the Weyl group of G and W the extended a neWeyl group of G. Then it is well-known that W is a union of the double cosets $W_{0x}W_0$ as x moves over the set of dominant weights of W. It is also known that each double coset $W_{0x}W_0$ contains a unique element $m_x$ of the shortest length. These shortest length elements belong to what are called the canonical left cells. However, it is still an open problem to find the canonical left cell containing a given $m_x$. One of the mai purposes of this paper is to introduce a new approach to attack this question. In particular, we will present a conjecture which explicitly describes the canonical left cells containing an element $m_x$. We will show that our conjecture is true for some specific types of $m_x$.

• Journal of the Optical Society of Korea
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.88-94
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• 2015

This paper reports the fabrication of a lenticular liquid crystal (LC) lens array with thermally tunable focus and with the function of a convertible lens type, using the surface structure of a UV-curable polymer and a twisted-nematic (TN) LC cell. The TN LC cell makes the LC lenticular lens function as a converging or diverging lens by controlling electrically the polarization of input light. Therefore, the focal lengths for both the converging and diverging lenses, which can be switched from the TN cell, can be tuned by changing the effective refractive index of the LC by Joule heating of the transparent electrode. As a result, the focal length of the lens with the E7 LC was changed continuously from 8.7 to 31.2 mm for the converging lens type and from -9.8 to -14.2 mm for the diverging lens when the temperature was increased from 25 to $56^{\circ}C$.