• Journal of the Korean GEO-environmental Society
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• v.15 no.12
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• pp.25-34
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• 2014

The objective of this study was to investigate the removal characteristics and the elimination mechanism of heavy metals in Acid Mine Drainage (AMD) using spherical-type porous Zeolite-StarFish ceramics (porous ZSF ceramics) packed in a continuous column reactor system. The average removal efficiencies of heavy metals in AMD were Al 98.7, As 98.7, Cd 96.0, Cu 89.1, Fe 99.5, Mn 94.4, Pb 96.3 and Zn 80.8 % during 110 days of operation time. The average removal capacity of porous ZSF ceramics for heavy metals were measured to be Al 21.76, As 1.52, Cd 1.27, Cu 3.41, Fe 44.83, Mn 3.48, Pb 2.36 and Zn $3.76mg/kg{\cdot}day$. The analysis results of mechanism using SEM, EDS and XRD exhibited that the porous ZSF ceramics could act as a multi-functional ceramics for the removal of heavy metals in AMD through the reactions of precipitation, adsorption and ion-exchange. The experimental results of column reactor system displayed that the porous ZSF ceramics would be a consistently efficient agent for the removal of heavy metals in AMD for a long term.

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• v.31 no.6
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• pp.612-623
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• 2020

This study was initiated to quantitatively evaluate the inhibitory effects of five heavy metals (Cd, Cu, Zn, Pb, Ni) on bacterial growth and phosphorus removal in the binary culture of Alcaligenes sp. plus Pseudomonas sp. IC50 values of Alcaligenes sp. plus Pseudomonas sp. for Cd, Cu, Zn, Pb, and Ni were 0.75, 10.93, 7.08, 13.30, and 15.78 mg/L, respectively. For the binary treatments of heavy metals, IC50 was the lowest in the treatment of Cd + Cu, whereas, it was the highest in the Ni + Pb treatment. The EC50 values for Cd, Cu, Zn, Pb, and Ni were 0.54, 11.08, 6.14, 9.33, and 13.81 mg/L, respectively. For the binary treatments of heavy metals, EC50 was the lowest in the Cd + Zn, whereas, the highest in the Zn + Ni. Based on both IC50 and EC50 values for the binary culture of bacteria with the binary mixtures of heavy metals, the most interactive effect was found to be antagonistic, though the only synergistic effect was found in Cu + Ni treatment. Therefore, our results can provide basic data on the toxic effects of heavy metals on the bacterial growth and phosphorus removal in the wastewater treatment process.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.497-501
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• 2003

The new tridentate ligands of nitrogen donor atoms N,N-Bis(2-amino-ethyI)-benzyl-amine 2HCI(BABEA. 2HCI) and 2,6-Bis(amino-methyl)-pyridien. 2HCI(BAMP. 2HCI) were synthesized as their dihydrochloride salts and characterized by TA, IR. Mass and NMR spectroscopy. The protonation constants of the ligands and stability constants for Cd$^{2+}$, Pb$^{2+}$, Zn$^{2+}$and Cu$^{2+}$ ions were determined by potentiometric titration in aqueous solutions and compared with those of analogous ligands. The effect stability constants of ligands and metal ions for removal of heavy metals in aqueous solution were described.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.300-309
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• 1977

The information related to the heavy metal pollution in the environment was obtained from studies on the effects of pH, phosphate and soil properties on the adsorption of metal ions (Cd, Cu, Ni, and Zn) by soils. Three soil materials; soil 1 with low CEC (8.2 me/100g) and low organic carbon content (0.34%); soil 2 with high CEC (36.4 me/100g) and low organic carbon content (1.8%) and soil 3 with high CEC (49.9 me/100g) and high organic carbon content (14.7%) were used. Soils were adjusted to several pH's and equilibrated with metal ion mixtures of 4 different concentrations, each having equal equivalents of each metal ion (0.63, 1.88, 3.12 and 4.38 micromoles per one gram soil with and without 10 micromoles of phosphate per one gram soil). Reported here are the results of the equilibrium study on soil I. The rest of the results on soil 2 and soil 3 will be repoted subsequeutly. Generally higher metal ion concentration solution resulted in higher final metal ion concentrations in the equilibrated solution and phosphate had minimal effect except it tended to enhance removal of cadmium and zinc from equilibrated solutions while it tended to decrease the removal of copper and nickel. In soil 1, percentages of added metal ions removed at pH 5.10 were; Cu 97, Ni 69, Cd 63, and Zn 55, while increasing pH to 6.40, they were increased to Cu 90.9, Zn 99, Ni 96, and Cd 92 per As initial metal ion concentration increased, final metal ion concentrations in the equilibrated solution showed a relationship with pH of the system as they fit to the equation $p[M^{++}]=a$ pH+b where $p[M^{++}]=-log$[metal ion concentration in Mol/liter]. The magnitude of pH and soil effects were reflected in slope (a) of the equation, and were different among metal ions and soils. Slopes (a) for metal ions in the aqueous system are all 2. In soil 1 they were; Zn 1.23, Cu 0.99, Ni 0.69 and Cd 0.59 at highest concentration. The adsorption of Cd, Ni, and Zn in soil 1 could be represented by the Iangmuir isotherm. However, construction of the Iangmuir isotherm required the correction for pH differences.

• Journal of environmental and Sanitary engineering
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.21-27
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• 1996

Chitosan is a natural polyelectrolytic compound. Researches of adsorption capacity using chitosan have been doing actively. We prepared bead type gel, simple modifier of chitosan, And then experimented adsorption test of heavy metals (Cd etc) using it. According to the result adsorption capacity of chitosan bead was five times higher than chitosan powder. Removal rate of cadmium resulted 90% over in the test that initial concentration of Cd was 100mg/L and bead dosage was 6g/100mL. Adsorption type of heavy metals was similar to general adsorption curve. And optical pH range was 4 - 10 in the adsorption test. In the experiments of other heavy metals (Pb, Zn, Cu, Mn) adsorption types had two stages, highly removal rate-stage at the short time (20minutes) and then slow rate-stage at the after. And removal efficiency at the variable pH ranges revealed relatively good.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.61-67
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• 1997

Heavy metal adsorption by microbial cells is an alternative to conventional methods of heavy metal removal and recovery from metal-bearing wastewater The waste Sac-chuomyces cerevisiae is an inexpensive, relatively available source of biomass for heavy metal biosorption. Biosorption was investigated by free and immobilized-S. cerevisiae. The order of biosorption capacity was Pb>Cu>Cd with batch system. The biosorption parameters had been determined for Pb with free , cells according to the Freundlich and Langmuir model. It was found that the data fitted reasonably well to the Freundlich model. The selective uptake of immobilized-S. cerevisiae was observed when all the metal ions were dissolved in a mixed metals solution(Pb, Cu, Cr and Cd). The biosorption of mixed metals solution by immobilized-cell was studied in packed bed reactor. The Pb uptake was Investigated in particular, as it represents one of the most widely distributed heavy metals in water. We also tested the desorption of Pb from immobilized-cell by us- ing HCI, $H_2SO_4$ and EDTA.

• Journal of environmental and Sanitary engineering
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.112-122
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• 1998

In recent years the accumulation of heavy metals in microorganisms, the biosorption has received much attention because of various environmental application. We have been to research the biosorption characteristics using algae, Spirulina, for the removal of heavy metal ions in industrial and polluted waters. In the adsorption of single heavy metal ions, the adsorption equilibrium was reached within 10min., and optimum pH and reaction temperature were 4.5-5 and 30-35$\circ $C, respectively. Under the above conditions, the maximum amounts of Pb, Cu, and Cd adsorbed to the unit weight of Spirulina were 107.6mg/g, 78.0mg/g, and 65.6mg/g, and three values were 1.45, 1.56, and 1.26 times higher than those adsorbed to the unit weight of activated carbon under same conditions. The adsorption kinetics of Pb, Cu, and Cd were fitted very well to the Freundlich isotherm and BET isotherm. Biosorption experiments in single ion solutions and binary ions solutions showed higher removal efficiency in the single ion solutions than in binary ions solutions.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.120-126
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• 2004

Kenaf plants were hydroponically grown in reactor containing toxic metals as Cd, Cu, Cr, Ni and Zn to examine the ability to take up heavy metal. The plants were fertilized using a nutrient solution, which was appropriately adjusted to optimum pH, DO and conductivity. For n hydraulic retention time of 8 days, Cr, Cd, Cu, Ni and Zn were removed up to 90.5, 80.5, 66.1%, 71.1% and 79.4%, and reduced from 2.34 to 0.54 mg $L^{-1}$, 3.37 to 1.07 mg $L^{-1}$, 4.92 to 3.19 mg $L^{-1}$, 6.31 to 4.41 mg $L^{-1}$ and 6.27 to 2.09 mg $L^{-1}$. Especially, accumulation rate of Cr, Cd, Cu, Ni and Zn in the plant were measured up to 347.32, 275.39, 157.52, 50.48 and 211.01 mg DW kg $L^{-1}d^{-1}$, respectively. We considered that Kenaf plants removed Cr, Cd and Zn more effectively than other toxic metals applied.

• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.363-369
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• 1999

The heavy metal removability of four kinds of tea was investigated in the various conditions: particle size of tea(10, 35. 70, 100 mesh), concentration of heavy metal(25, 50, 100ppm) and extraction temperature(30. 50, 70. 10$0^{\circ}C$). The removabilities by the tea solids were increased as the particle size decreased, concentration of heavy metal increased, and extracting temperature increased. Of the four kinds of tea Pb, Cd and Cu removability by Eucommia ulmoides Oliv tea was the highest. In addition, heavy metal removability by Schizandra chinensis Baillon tea was better than that of other tea as extraction temperature was increased.

• Journal of the Mineralogical Society of Korea
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.283-293
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• 2003

Domestic water treatment plants operate the rapid and slow filtering system using the filtering sands. Most of them are composed of beach sands, which have less sorption capacity of heavy metals as well as organic contaminants. Therefore, the development of fortified functional filtering materials with high removal capacity of organic and inorganic contaminants is needed to prevent the unexpected load of contaminated source water. This study aims to test the hydrochemical change and the removing capacity of heavy metals such as Cd, Cu, and Pb on the Jumunjin sand, feldspathic sand(weathering product of Jecheon granite), feldspathic mixing sand I(feldspathic sand mixed with 10 wt% zeolite), and feldspathic mixing sand II (feldspathic sand mixed with 20 wt% zeolite). Feldspathic mixing sand I and II showed the eruption of higher amounts of cations and anions compared with the Jumunjin sand and feldspathic sand. They also showed higher eruption of Si, Ca, $SO_4$ ions than that of Al, $NO_3$, Fe, K, Mg, and P. Feldspathic mixing sand II caused higher eruption of some cations of Na, Ca, Al than feldspathic mixing sud I, which is the result controlled by the dissolution of zeolite. Jumunjin sand and feldspathic sand showed very weak sorption of Cd, Cu and Pb. In contrast to this, feldspathic mixing sand I and II showed the high sorption and removal capacity of the increasing order of Cd, Cu and Pb. Feldspathic mixing sand II including 20% zeolite showed a fortified removal capacity of some heavy metals. Therefore, feldspathic mixing sand mixed with some contents of zeolite could be used as the fortified filtering materials for the water filtering and purification in the domestic water treatment plants.