• 한국추진공학회지
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• 제19권4호
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• pp.1-7
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• 2015

캐비테이션 벤츄리는 후단 압력에 상관없이 액체의 유량을 일정하게 유지시켜주는 장치로, 일정한 추진제 유량의 공급을 필요로 하는 액체로켓엔진 시스템에 성공적으로 사용되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 축소되는 유입각과 팽창하는 출구각 만이 다른 네 개의 캐비테이션 벤츄리를 설계, 제작하였다. 압력을변경시켜가며 벤츄리를 통과하는 유량과 전/후단의 압력을 측정하였다. 실험결과로부터 각 벤츄리에 대한 유량계수와 임계 압력비를 계산하였다. 캐비테이션 벤츄리의 입구각과 출구각은 유량계수에 영향을 주었으며, 출구각은 임계 압력비에도 영향을 주는 것을 확인하였다.

• 한국전산유체공학회지
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.21-25
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• 2007

A general purpose program NUFLEX has been extended for two-phase flows with topologically complex interface and cavitation flows with liquid-vapor phase change caused by large pressure drop. In analysis of two-phase flow, the phase interfaces are tracked by employing a LS(Level Set) method. Compared with the VOF(Volume-of-Fluid) method based on a non-smooth volume-fraction function, the LS method can calculate an interfacial curvature more accurately by using a smooth distance function. Also, it is quite straightforward to implement for 3-D irregular meshes compared with the VOF method requiring much more complicated geometric calculations. Also, the cavitation process is computed by including the effects of evaporation and condensation for bubble formation and collapse as well as turbulence in flows. The volume-faction and continuity equations are adapted for cavitation models with phase change. The LS and cavitation formulation are implemented into a general purpose program for 3-D flows and verified through several test problems.

• Corrosion Science and Technology
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• 제10권4호
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• pp.136-142
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• 2011

Al alloys have been used widely for commercial and military ships in most ocean countries since mid-1950s, and the value as light metal with high mechanical strength has been proven. As the safety and fuel efficiency of Al ships have improved, she can carry more freight, sail faster and travel longer distances. Furthermore, in the shipbuilding industry, Al alloys are applied as structural materials for ships to various areas including the deck of luxurious cruises, battleships and leisure ships. In addition, Al alloys are being spotlighted as environmental-friendly material as they can be recycled even after end of lifespan. However, Al alloys for ships must be carefully selected after considering corrosion resistance, endurance, strength, and weldability in sea water environment. Al alloys to satisfy these conditions are used widely include 5000 series Al-Mg alloy and 6000 series Al-Mg-Si alloy. Thus, this study selected and evaluated the cavitation characteristics of the 5000 series Al alloys that are used in hulls that directly contact seawater and the 6000 Al alloys that are used in the upper structures of ships. Results of cavitation test with time, weightloss and cavitation rate of 5456-H116 showed the smallest damage among 5052-O, 5456-H116 and 6061-T6.

• Journal of Ship and Ocean Technology
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.11-20
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• 2005

A mixed-flow pump is largely applied for waterjet propulsion in high-speed vessels because of excellent cavitation performance. For the present study, we analyze the performance of mixed-flow pump, which is composed of impeller and stator. The test device for a mixed-flow pump was installed in the test section in the KRISO cavitation tunnel. The performance tests of two mixed-flow pumps were carried out with the test device at various flow rates using various nozzles. The test results agree fairly well with the predicted results by commercial CFD code. The test device is available for verification of impeller performance together with CFD analysis

• 대한조선학회논문집
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• 제57권1호
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• pp.35-44
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• 2020

Propeller cavitation extent, pressure fluctuation induced by cavitation, pressure distribution on propeller blade, total velocity distribution and nominal wake distribution for a MR Taker were computed in both conditions of model test and sea trial using a code STAR-CCM⁺. Then some of the results were compared with model test data at LCT and full-scale measurement (Ahn et al (2014); Kim et al (2014)] in order to confirm the availability of a numerical prediction method and to get the physical insight of local flow around a ship and propeller. The nominal wake distributions computed and measured by LDV velocimeter on the variation of on-coming velocity show the wake contraction characteristics proposed by Hoekstra (1974). The numerical prediction of propeller cavitation extent on a blade angular position and pressure fluctuation level on each location of pressure sensors are very similar with the experimental results.

• 대한조선학회논문집
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• 제53권6호
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• pp.494-502
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• 2016

The accurate assessment of hull-appendage interaction in the early design stage is important to control the inflow to the propeller plane, which can cause undesirable hydrodynamic effects in terms of cavitation phenomenon. This paper describes a numerical analysis for the flow around a fully appended surface ship model for which KRISO has carried out a model test in the Large Cavitation Tunnel(LCT). This numerical study was performed with the LCT model test in a complementary manner for a good reproduction of the wake distribution of surface ships. A second order accurate finite volume method provided by a commercial computational fluid dynamics(CFD) program was used to solve the governing Reynolds Averaged Navier-Stokes(RANS) equations, where the SST $k-{\omega}$ model was used for turbulence closure. The numerical results were compared to available LCT experimental data for validation. The calculations gave good predictions for the boundary layer profiles on the walls of the empty cavitation tunnel and the wake at the propeller plane of the fully appended hull model in the LCT.

• 한국표면공학회지
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• 제39권1호
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• pp.35-42
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• 2006

In this study, the fatigue properties on the cavitation damage of the flame quenched 8.8Al-bronze (8.8Al-4.5Ni-4.5Fe-Cu) as well as the current nuclear pump impeller materials (8.8Al-bronze, STS316 and SR50A) has been investigated using an ultrasonic vibratory cavitation test. For this the impact loads of cavitation bubbles generated by ultrasonic vibratory device quantitatively evaluated and simultaneously the cavitation erosion experiments have been carried out. The fatigue analysis on the cavitation damage of the materials has been made from the determined impact load distribution (e.g. impact load, bubble count) and erosion parameters (e.g. incubation period, MDPR). According to Miner's law, the determined exponents b of the F-N relation ($F^b$ N = Constant) at the incubation stage (N: the number of fracture cycle) were 5.62, 4.16, 6.25 and 8.1 for the 8.8Al-bronze, flame quenched one, STS316 and SR50A alloys. respectively. At the steady state period, the exponents b of the F-N' curve (N': the number of cycle required for $1{\mu}m$ increment of MDP) were determined as 6.32, 5, 7.14 and 7.76 for the 8.8Al-bronze, flame quenched one, STS316, and SR50A alloys, respectively.

• 한국음향학회지
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• 제43권4호
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• pp.400-405
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• 2024

선박 프로펠러 캐비테이션 소음이 발생하면 수중 방사 소음의 수준이 급격히 상승하는데, 특히 함정의 경우에 피탐지 확률이 증가해 치명적인 위협 요인이 될 수 있다. 따라서 함정의 생존성 향상을 위하여 캐비테이션 신호를 정확하고 신속하게 판단하는 것이 매우 중요한데, 종래에는 센서로 계측한 음압/진동 준위가 기준값 이상이면 캐비테이션 발생으로 판단하는 기술과 데몬 기법을 통해 캐비테이션 발생 여부를 판별하는 방법이 주로 수행되었다. 그러나 이와 관련된 기술은 캐비테이션의 발생 현상에 대한 물리적 이해와 사용자의 주관적 기준을 기반으로 수행되며 여러 절차를 거치기 때문에 캐비테이션 신호를 조기에 자동으로 인식하는 기법의 개발이 필요하다. 본 논문에서는 선체에 부착된 음향 센서를 이용하여 계측된 음향 신호로부터 캐비테이션 신호의 특징을 반영한 간단한 통계량 기반 특징을 추출하고 이로부터 캐비테이션 발생 여부를 자동으로 판단하는 알고리즘을 제안한다. 제안된 기법의 성능은 센서 수와 모형 시험 조건에 따라 평가하는데, 단일 센서로 계측된 신호에 캐비테이션의 특징을 충분히 반영하여 훈련하면 캐비테이션 신호의 발생 여부를 판단 가능함을 확인했다.

• International Journal of Fluid Machinery and Systems
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• 제8권4호
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• pp.264-273
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• 2015

This presentation describes an experimental approach for the detection of cavitation in hydraulic machines by use of ultrasonic signal analysis. Instead of using the high frequency pulses (typically 1MHz) only for transit time measurement different other signal characteristics are extracted from the individual signals and its correlation function with reference signals in order to gain knowledge of the water conditions. As the pulse repetition rate is high (typically 100Hz), statistical parameters can be extracted of the signals. The idea is to find patterns in the parameters by a classifier that can distinguish between the different water states. This classification scheme has been applied to different cavitation sections: a sphere in a water flow in circular tube at the HSLU in Lucerne, a NACA profile in a cavitation tunnel and two Francis model test turbines all at LMH in Lausanne. From the signal raw data several statistical parameters in the time and frequency domain as well as from the correlation function with reference signals have been determined. As classifiers two methods were used: neural feed forward networks and decision trees. For both classification methods realizations with lowest complexity as possible are of special interest. It is shown that two to three signal characteristics, two from the signal itself and one from the correlation function are in many cases sufficient for the detection capability. The final goal is to combine these results with operating point, vibration, acoustic emission and dynamic pressure information such that a distinction between dangerous and not dangerous cavitation is possible.

• International Journal of Fluid Machinery and Systems
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.179-190
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• 2011

The swirling flow developing in Francis turbine draft tube under part load operation leads to pressure fluctuations usually in the range of 0.2 to 0.4 times the runner rotational frequency resulting from the so-called vortex breakdown. For low cavitation number, the flow features a cavitation vortex rope animated with precession motion. Under given conditions, these pressure fluctuations may lead to undesirable pressure fluctuations in the entire hydraulic system and also produce active power oscillations. For the upper part load range, between 0.7 and 0.85 times the best efficiency discharge, pressure fluctuations may appear in a higher frequency range of 2 to 4 times the runner rotational speed and feature modulations with vortex rope precession. It has been pointed out that for this particular operating point, the vortex rope features elliptical cross section and is animated of a self-rotation. This paper presents an experimental investigation focusing on this peculiar phenomenon, defined as the upper part load vortex rope. The experimental investigation is carried out on a high specific speed Francis turbine scale model installed on a test rig of the EPFL Laboratory for Hydraulic Machines. The selected operating point corresponds to a discharge of 0.83 times the best efficiency discharge. Observations of the cavitation vortex carried out with high speed camera have been recorded and synchronized with pressure fluctuations measurements at the draft tube cone. First, the vortex rope self rotation frequency is evidenced and the related frequency is deduced. Then, the influence of the sigma cavitation number on vortex rope shape and pressure fluctuations is presented. The waterfall diagram of the pressure fluctuations evidences resonance effects with the hydraulic circuit. The influence of outlet bubble cavitation and air injection is also investigated for low cavitation number. The time evolution of the vortex rope volume is compared with pressure fluctuations time evolution using image processing. Finally, the influence of the Froude number on the vortex rope shape and the associated pressure fluctuations is analyzed by varying the rotational speed.