• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
• /
• v.28 no.10
• /
• pp.1654-1663
• /
• 2018

Finding a safe and broad-spectrum medication is a goal of scientists, pharmacists, and physicians, but developing and fabricating the right medicine can be challenging. The current study describes the formation of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) by Fusarium mangiferae. It involves the antibiofilm activity of the nanoparticles against Staphylococcus aureus. It also involves cytotoxic effect against mammalian cell lines. Well-dispersed nanoparticles are formed by F. mangiferae. The sizes of the nanoparticles were found to range from 25 to 52 nm, and UV-Vis scan showed absorption around 416-420 nm. SEM, TEM, and AFM results displayed spherical and oval shapes. Furthermore, the FTIR histogram detected amide I and amide II compounds responsible for the stability of AgNPs in an aqueous solution. AgNPs were observed to decrease the formation of biofilm at 75% (v/v). DNA reducing, smearing, and perhaps fragmentation were noticed after treating the bacterial cells with 50% (v/v). Additionally, cell lysis was detected releasing proteins in the supernatant. It was also observed that the AgNPs have the ability to cause 59% cervical cancer cell line (HeLa) deaths at 25% (v/v), however, they showed about 31% toxicity against rat embryo fibroblast transformed cell lines (REF). The results of this study prove the efficiency of AgNPs as an antibiofilm against S. aureus, suggesting that AgNPs could be an alternative to antibiotics. It must also be emphasized that AgNPs displayed cytotoxic behavior against mammalian cell lines. Further studies are needed for assessing risk in relation to the possible benefit of prescribing AgNPs.

• The Journal of Korean Obstetrics and Gynecology
• /
• v.23 no.3
• /
• pp.156-172
• /
• 2010

Purpose: In Oriental medicine, menstruation is a significant index of women's health. Especially high school girls often have various menstrual problems. We think that students who have menstrual problem have some symptoms in relation to an etiological cause. So we had carried out this study to investigate association of DSOM scores and an abnormality of menstruation in oriental medicine. Methods: First we have 2137 high school girls answer to menstrual questionnaire that we made and DSOM, next investigated the pathogenic factor of DSOM which effect dysmenorrhea and menorrhagia using regression model. Logistic regression analysis indicate as follows. Results: 1. In comparison with dysmenorrhea, Qi depression(氣滯), blood stasis(血瘀), dampness (濕), phlegm(痰) is associated positively and liver(肝) negatively. The sensitivity is 64.3%, and the specificity is 75.1%. 2. In comparison with menorrhagia, Blood deficiency(血虛), Qi depression(氣滯), blood stasis(血瘀) is associated positively and liver(肝) negatively. The sensitivity is 53.9%, and the specificity is 76.1%. Conclusion: In this study, that has been carried out to organize the diagnosis of dysmenorrhea and menorrhagia in Oriental medicine, we can see that the disease factors of them were correlated with our Medical theory.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
• /
• v.16 no.1
• /
• pp.70-77
• /
• 2015

With the purpose of studying the effects of K-wave event sponsorship on corporate image, surveys were conducted against visitors at K-wave marketing events in Tokyo and Nagoya which yielded 199 viable samples. These samples were subjected to descriptive and multivariate statistics analysis. Average and standard deviation were calculated and measured for total correlation coefficient to find out characterize of study variables. A Cronbach's alpha coefficient exceeding 0.7 indicated a good to excellent credibility of the measuring instrument. In addition, exploratory factor analysis was employed to establish validity of the measuring instrument. In order to determine the characteristics of K-wave events and the cause and relation of the subsequent effects on corporate image that stems from the aforementioned characteristics, 4 sub hypotheses were derived from 1 major hypothesis, of which 3 were determined to have a substantial and meaningful influence on the final outcome while 1 was rejected. However, due to lack of advance research, additional and continuous studies are warranted to establish a systemized theory in this field and further on, to observe such theories bear fruit in real world applications in the industry.

• Journal of information and communication convergence engineering
• /
• v.8 no.6
• /
• pp.645-650
• /
• 2010

In this paper, we present the effect of binocular cues which plays crucial role for the visualization of a stereoscopic or 3D image. This study is useful in extracting depth and disparity information by image processing technique. A linear relation between the object distance and the image distance is presented to discuss the cause of cybersickness. In the experimental results, three dimensional view of the depth map between the 2D images is shown. A median filter is used to reduce the noises available in the disparity map image. After the median filter, two filter algorithms such as 'Gabor' filter and 'Canny' filter are tested for disparity visualization between two images. The 'Gabor' filter is to estimate the disparity by texture extraction and discrimination methods of the two images, and the 'Canny' filter is used to visualize the disparity by edge detection of the two color images obtained from stereoscopic cameras. The 'Canny' filter is better choice for estimating the disparity rather than the 'Gabor' filter because the 'Canny' filter is much more efficient than 'Gabor' filter in terms of detecting the edges. 'Canny' filter changes the color images directly into color edges without converting them into the grayscale. As a result, more clear edges of the stereo images as compared to the edge detection by 'Gabor' filter can be obtained. Since the main goal of the research is to estimate the horizontal disparity of all possible regions or edges of the images, thus the 'Canny' filter is proposed for decipherable visualization of the disparity.

• Cartoon and Animation Studies
• /
• s.36
• /
• pp.1-17
• /
• 2014

The purpose of this study was to identify ironic characteristics that appear through ironic reversal in formal aspect and foreshadow structure examined through the progression stage of irony within the narrative structure in contents aspect. This study is intended to research how ironic expressions is embedded in latest full-length animation created by major animation production companies in America, such as PDI Dreamworks and Pixar. As identified in this study, the irony can be defined into two categories. First, Irony appears dramatically in a last scene through the process of prediction and implication after setting up a situation. It delivers laughter as it is mainly used to portray characters or to set up backgrounds for incidents. Secondly, foreshadow that appeared in the early part of animation in relation to irony was revealed with a surprising twist with the cause-and-effect relationship in the middle or end of the play. The irony strengthens dramatic elements and was used to make the story richer. By analyzing two american full-length animation films, various consecutive ironic expressions in narrative, which is the reversal irony in continuous scene or irony used with foreshadow were identified.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
• /
• v.30 no.1
• /
• pp.80-91
• /
• 2003

Mutans streptococci, especially S. mutans and S. sobrinus strongly implicated in pathogenesis of dental caries, the major cause of tooth loss in children. Use of an antibacterial agent controlling dental caries has been rationalized. The present study was performed to observe the antibacterial effect of inorganic polyphosphates (polyP) on S. mutans and S. sobrinus. S. mutans GS5 and S. sobrinus 6715 were grown in brain-heart infusion broth with or without polyP. Minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) of polyP for S. mutans GS5 was determined to be 0.08% and that for S. sobrius 6715 was 0.17%. PolyP 15 added to the growing culture of S. mutans GS5 and S. sobrinus 6715 at their exponential phase was as effective in inhibiting the growth of S. mutans GS5 and S. sobrinus 6715 as polyP added at the very beginning of the culture. More than 85% of the cells lost their viability determined by viable cell count when polyP 15 was added to the culture of growing S. mutans GS5 at MIC, suggesting that polyP 15 has bacterial effect on the bacterium. And more than 99.9% of the cells lost their viability determined by viable cell count when polyP 15 was added to the culture of growing S. sobrinus 6715 at MIC, suggesting that polyP 15 has bacterial effect on the bacterium. Intracellular nucleotide release from S. mutans CS5 and S. sobrinus 6715 was increased in the presence of polyP 15 for 5h but was not really reversed by the addition of divalent cations like $Ca^{++}\;and\;Mg^{++}$. The majority of the cells appeared to be atypical in their shape, demonstrating accumulation of highly electron-dense granules and ghost cells. The overall results suggest that polyP have a strong bactericidal activity against S. mutans and S. sobrinus in which lysis in relation to chelation may not play the major role but unknown mechanism that possibly affects the viability of the bacterium may be involved. PolyP may be used as an agent for prevention of dental caries.

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
• /
• v.38 no.5
• /
• pp.398-406
• /
• 2012

Objectives: In order to investigate the relation between environmental pollution and its effect on human health in large-scale industrial complex regions, monitoring studies have been conducted since 2003. The main purpose of this Gangneung study is to produce background data which can be compared with several large-scale industrial complex regions such as Ulsan, Sihwa, Banwol, Gwangyang, Yeosu, Pohang and Cheongju Daesan industrial complexes. Methods: In this Gangneung study, 1,007 local residents were recruited and the framework of this study was designed to evaluate and monitor health effects associated with low-level but long-term exposure to environmental pollutants. A survey was performed based on personal questionnaires, medical check-ups, and allergy skin prick tests for twelve common allergens. The authors reviewed the prevalence rate of skin allergens in Gangneung compared with in large-scale industrial areas. The results are summarized as follows. Results: The diagnosis prevalence and medical treatment prevalence of asthma were lower than in industrial complex regions, but allergic rhinitis was higher. The allergy skin test prevalence was 26.0% and the most common allergens were dust mites (D. pteronysinus 16.7% and D. farinae 16.3%). Conclusions: The positive findings of the skin prick test were similar with large-scale industrial complex regions in Korea. Further study is required to find the cause of the regional differences in skin prick prevalence.

• Journal of the Korean Society of School Health
• /
• v.15 no.1
• /
• pp.49-62
• /
• 2002

This study was intended to examine the pattern and level of experience of voice problems and risk factors in school teacher, to offer basic data to prevent voice problems. The subjects were 180 school teachers from primary, middle, and high school teachers in C City, Chonbuk. Data were collected by questionnaires survey from April 30, 2001 to May 10, 2001. 56.6% of the subjects experienced voice problems such as "H-notes difficult"($2.68{\pm}.86$), followed by "Tired voice"($2.32{\pm}.93$), "Effortful voice"($2.27{\pm}.90$), and "Drying of throat"($2.21{\pm}.91$). According to general characteristics, smoking subjects showed higher voice problem than no smoking subjects and this difference was statistically significant(t=2.76, p=.007). According to voice related characteristics, "Speaking loudly" subjects showed higher voice problem than those no "Speaking loudly"(t=-2.02, p=.045). "Speaking effortful" subjects measured higher voice problem than those of "Speaking effortful" and this difference was statistically significant(t=-3.34, p=.001). The inspection of the relation of cause affecting school teachers showed that it had an interacting effect of voice habit, smoking, experienced voice problem, treatment(due to voice problem) experience, by staged it accounted for 55.3% of the total voice problem. The total voice problem indicated a positive correlation(p=.000). Conclusion: over half of the school teachers have experienced voice problems, higher perceived related of voice symptom and physical symptom factors. Also, because there are significant differences in voice problem according to smoking, voice habits of "Speaking loudly", "Speaking effortful", experienced voice problem, treatment(due to voice problem) experience.

• Archives of design research
• /
• v.15 no.4
• /
• pp.149-156
• /
• 2002

The success of a product is only possible on the basis of user preference for products and the user preference for products is greatly influenced by the design. Designers have to understand user preference and convert it into the combination of specified design attribute, and after that they should design products which have the image that they want to get. Then the product will be sure to be a hit. Therefore, on the point of view of design, it is necessary to find oui definitely the consumer preference frame : the relationship among design preference - design images - design attribute. This study will give you guidelines on which designers can select and design some more objective and reliable design factors, finding out the relation of cause and effect by which they can know what kind of product designs their consumers like and how the popular image which that products offer is composed of. Therefore, in this study, after we developed the consumer response framework which is proposed by Bloch(1995) : distinct relationship model among preference - design image adjective - design factors, we analyzed the relationship among preference-design image adjective - design factors through the empirical researches. And then we give the way of design.

• Journal of Korean Physical Therapy Science
• /
• v.30 no.3
• /
• pp.23-30
• /
• 2023

Background: Flexion of cervical and lumbar joints is required when viewing a smartphone screen. Thus, these joints are overused, together with the surrounding joints and muscles. Long-term use of smartphones will cause changes in cervical and lumbar posture. The effect on forward head posture will vary, depending on the angle of cervical flexion start position in relation to the smartphone. This study investigated how forward head posture changes over time when using a smartphone at 20° and 40° cervical flexion start positions. Design: Cross-sectional study. Methods: Twenty-five subjects with a forward head posture angle of 35° or less participated in the study. A Forward Head Posture app on the participants' smartphones measured forward head posture 5 and 10 minutes after watching videos on their smartphones. Cervical range of motion was used to set a smartphone watching start posture of 20° and 40° of cervical flexion. Results: There was no significant difference in forward head posture, irrespective of cervical flexion start position, but the angle of forward head posture increased more at cervical flexion of 40° than at cervical flexion of 20°. There was no significant difference in what according to smartphone video viewing times, but the angle of forward head posture increased over time. Conclusion: An increase in forward head posture over time with smartphone usage poses a potential risk of neck and shoulder pain. Therefore, smartphone users should avoid prolonged screen time.