• Korean Journal of Logic
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.83-133
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• 2015

In this paper, I pose a problem for Hitchcock's arguments for two concepts of effects that are intended to explicate double causal effects, and put forth a theory that is intended not just to meet the problem but also to accommodate Hitchcock's theory and Eells' theory both. First, I introduce an example of dual causal effects, and examine the accounts of Otte(1985) and Eells(1987) on how to explicate the dual effects. I show that their accounts of the dual effects help us understand the problem of dual effects and see how different it is for Cartwright(1979, 1989, 1995), Eells(1991, 1995), and Hitchcock(2001a) to meet the problem. Second, I introduce two concepts of effects on Hitchcock(2001a), that is, net effect and component effect that are allegedly analogous to two effects of structural equation model. Third, I reveal the significance of homogeneous subpopulation and causal interaction regarding the problem of dual effects while examining Cartwright's theory and Elles' theory. Fourth, I critically examine the two concepts of effects on Hitchcock and argue against Hitchcock's criticism of Eells' theory. Fifth, I take a moderator variable of structural equation model and a moderator effect into the probabilistic theory of causality, and formally generalize causal interaction due to the dual effects in terms of disjunctive relation and counterfactual conditionals. I expect my account of disjunctive relation and counterfactual conditionals to contribute not just to several problems the received theories of causal modelling confront but also to the structural equation models many people exploit as a promising statistical methodology.

• International Commerce and Information Review
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.227-252
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• 2012

This paper is to study for causality validation of relation of the repair justice and repair satisfaction, relation between repair satisfaction and re-purchasing with South Korea's most important express service users. Through this research, we would like to confirm to seriousness of the failure express service and effects of controlling effectively adjust in relation between repair impartiality and satisfaction of repairs. The results of the study show as below. First, the result shows the justice outcome in express service, interaction justice, outcome justice in the relation of satisfaction with repair have regardful effects to the satisfaction of repair. This result explains that interaction justice has a positive influence. Second, in the relations between the procedural justice in express service and the satisfaction of repair, it is presented that the procedural justice has not regardful effects and results show differences from other leading researches. This result explains that procedural justice has not a positive influence. Third, as analyzing seriousness of the failure express service, controlling regulation effect in the relation of repair justice and repair satisfaction, seriousness of interaction and controlling regulation effect are not regardful effect in this relationship. These results are explained that the seriousness or controlling of the failure express service have not a positive influence to the relation of repair justice and repair satisfaction. Finally, in the relation between repair satisfaction and the intention to use again, repair satisfaction has a regardful effect to intention to use again. This result explained that it has positive influence to repair satisfaction and the intention to use again.

• Journal of Venture Innovation
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.181-195
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• 2018

The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of service quality of a theater on the customer experience value and performance satisfaction and to test causality between variables. For this purpose, Study model was created from the previous studies and performed a survey with the customer who visited Performance Theater. In this study, employee kindness, facility excellence, convenience, and facilities were set as independent variables, and performance satisfaction was selected as a dependent variable. The cultural value and economic value of customer experience were examined as Moderating variables between two variables. Based on the results of this study, It was found that employee's kindness, facility excellence, and convenience have a significant effect on performance satisfaction in performing arts facilities. convenience, there was perfect mediated effect of customer experience between service quality of a theater and performance satisfaction centered on cultural value and economic value. The employee's kindness variable was examined as a perfect mediation of cultural value, and economic value as a sectoral mediation. The excellence variables of the facilities appeared as partial mediations in cultural values and as complete mediations in economic values. In the case of the auxiliary facilities, the significance test failed. According to the results of the research, it was confirmed that convenience service for customers is the most important variable. This result suggests that the service quality of a theater should be basically maintained in terms of the kindness of the facility and staff, and that the customer is more satisfied with the performance than the audience convenience service provided from the Theater. The venue suggests that customer service and reception, purchase of tickets, refund method, and staff training should be thoroughly done so that audiences can make the Theater.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.133-144
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• 2020

This study examines the indirect effects of new product development(NPD) on the relationship between entrepreneurial orientation(EO) and business performance is contingent on organization size. Although previous studies have revealed that EO has a positive effect on business performance and NPD, there have been no research attempts to comprehensively grasp the causal path of EO, NPD, and business performance. Therefore, this study analyzed the causal path focusing not only on final financial business performance affected by EO but also on the mediating role of new product development, which is an intermediate performance. Based on the sample of 3,299 firms from the 2018 Entrepreneurship Survey(Corporate), we analyzed the EO-NPD-business performance relationship and explored whether such an indirect effect of EO on business performance differs depending on the size of the firm. The results showed that EO has a positive impact on business performance and NPD. In addition, NPD positively mediates the relationship between EO and business performance under the condition of large size firm, although NPD does not have a direct effect on business performance. With the findings, the current study has principal implications for practicing managers. The result of this study is not to suggest that NPD triggered by EO is a panacea for improving final business performance. The study suggests a need to equip organizational capabilities to successfully commercialize new products and appeal to the market and customers, beyond simply developing new products seeking newness based on EO.

• Korea Real Estate Review
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.39-52
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• 2014

This study examines the degree of global co-movement & spillover effect among the housing price of ten major countries of OECD including Korea, based on the 3 hypothesis. The data used in this study is quarterly house price index of OECD countries from 1975 to 2012. VAR model is used to analyze the co-movement, and Granger causality methodology is used for the analysis of Spillover Effect. It is found that entire period of study is that the global house prices showed the co-movement, but the coefficient was weak. Since 2008 global financial crisis, the co-movement increased significantly and the adjusted R-square of this model increased 78% compared to the entire period (1975-2012). In general, all hypotheses in this study were significant, and the common shock hypothesis were most significant. In case of Korea, the degree of co-movement was weak compared to the other countries and spillover effect was independent since 2008.

• Analyses & Alternatives
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.155-183
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• 2022

The purpose of this study is to econometrically analyze the negative impact of the May 18 Democratic Uprising on the Gwangju/Jeonnam regionional economy using the Synthetic Control Method (SCM). The SCM SCM is a methodology similar to the difference-in-difference(DID) method of microeconometrics. It is applied to macroeconomic variables such as country, region, etc. to estimate the causal relationship between specific events and the dependent variable. In this study, as of 1980, local tax revenue data of metropolitan local governments were used as a proxy variable for the economy of the region, and the impact of the May 18 Democratic Uprising on the economy of Gwangju/Jeonnam region was analyzed through various socio-economic indicators. In this study, data were used to analyze from 1971 to 2000, and as a result of empirical analysis, local tax revenues in Gwangju/Jeonnam area were less collected than normal routes up to 17%. In addition, the significance of this analysis was confirmed through in-time placebo effect analysis and in-space placebo effect analysis, which are methods of analyzing the robustness of the control group synthesis method.

• Journal of Technology Innovation
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.59-82
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• 2023

The purpose of this research is to conduct the empirical analysis of the short- and long-term causal relationship between public R&D investment, corporate R&D investment, and university R&D investment on economic growth in Korea. To this end, based on the time series data from 1976 to 2020, a causality test was conducted through the unit root test, cointegration test, and vector error correction model (VECM). As a result, it was found that there is a long-run equilibrium relationship between economic growth in Korea, public R&D investment, corporate R&D investment, and university R&D investment, in which a causal relationship exists in the long run. Also, while public R&D investment has a short-term effect on economic growth, corporate and university R&D investment does not have a short-term effect on economic growth. In addition, the results shows that there is a bidirectional causal relationship between economic growth and public R&D investment, corporate R&D investment and public R&D investment, and university R&D investment and public R&D investment in the short term. Through this research, it was empirically found that a highly mutual relationship exists between public R&D investment, corporate R&D investment, university R&D investment and economic growth. In order to increase the ripple effect of R&D investment on economic growth in the future, R&D investment between universities and corporations should be mutually promoted, and R&D investment by corporations should have a positive effect on public R&D investment so that public R&D investment can contribute to future economic growth.

• Management & Information Systems Review
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.67-81
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• 2015

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of this factor on the macroeconomic variables for the healthcare industry market. First, the government bond interest rates and the exchange rate is the cause variable of drug industry index. Drug industry index is a mutual influence between the Call interest rate. Second, the medical equipment index haver mutual cause variable such as call rate index, government bond interest rates, and exchange rate. A current account balance variable is the cause variable of drug industry index. Third, the drug industry index has a negative relationship with a Call interest rate and an exchange rate. but it has a positive relationship with a government bond interest rates. the medical equipment index has a negative relationship with an exchange rate. but it has a positive relationship with a government bond interest rates.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.13 no.10
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• pp.165-170
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• 2015

This study attempted to investigate an efficient human resources management plan by enhancing organizational performance and reducing the factors which influence turnover intention after analyzing the effects of job burnout on organizational effectiveness and turnover intention. To test a research model, after explaining the purpose of the study to them at work, data were obtained through a standardized questionnaire survey. To figure out the effects of job burnout on organizational effectiveness and turnover intention, causality was analyzed using the Structural Equation Model (SEM). According to hypothesis testing, a total of five hypotheses were chosen, and the following results were obtained: Job burnout had a significant effect on organizational commitment (-0.456), job satisfaction (-0.488) and turnover intention (0.501). In terms of relations between organizational effectiveness and turnover intention, organizational commitment (-0.350) and job satisfaction (-0.199) decreased turnover intention. Therefore, it is important to discover and analyze these obstacles which hinder employees from being absorbed in their work with attachment.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.36 no.9
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• pp.49-62
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• 1998

This paper investigates the parenting stress of fathers who have preschooler. At first, a causal model constructed, including the parenting stress as a dependent variable and the psychological characteristics of paternal self-esteem and parenting efficacy as parameters. Based on the change of parenting stress, self-esteem and parenting efficacy according to various pertinent to fathers, the causal effect of various variables effecting on the paternal parenting stress is analyzed. The SPSS PC program was used for the statistical analysis, where fully exploited were frequencies, percentages, means, standard deviations, Cronbach α, one-way analysis(ANOVA), path analysis. The results can be summarized into 3 parts, in conclusion: 1) The younger a father is, the higher paternal self-esteem becomes. Paternal self-esteem trend was there, for a father who is a member of large family, and for a father whose education level is high, and for a father whose occupation is professional. Regarding parenting sense of competence, a father shows confidence when he has more income, more educated and less children. 2) The variable analysis effecting on the parenting stress dut to the paternal environment shows that a father feels more stress when his income is less and his spouse is working. The sub-factor analysis on the parenting stress shows that 'typical stress dut to the parenting' increases when his income is less and his spouse is working, and 'pressures pertaning to the parental role and distress' increases for a father with less income, working spouse, less educated and non-professional job. Further 'guilty to the parenting by others' shows higher for a father with less income and a working spouse. 3) The path analysis, which were performed to check the causality of the parenting stress dut to various variables, shows that the self-esteem and the parenting efficacy are significant factors directly effecting on the paternal parenting stress, and the job-satisfaction and marriage-satisfaction are significantly effecting on the parenting stress both directly and indirectly.