• 철학연구
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• 제105권
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• pp.269-290
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• 2008

이 논문에서는 '후향적인 인과관계'를 주장하는 견해들을 크게, 자의적인 행위에 근거한 접근방법, 분석수준별 차이에 근거한 접근방법, 물리방정식에 의한 접근방법, 물리현상에 근거한 접근방법으로 나누어 고찰하고, 그 각각의 특징과 문제점들을 지적했다. 이어서 후향적인 인과성을 펼치는 어떠한 견해도 아직은 설득력 있게 받아들여지지 않고 있음을 밝혔다. 후향적인 인과관계를 펼치는 견해들이 인과성분석에서 주류는 아닐지라도, 상호조건적 동시발생적인 측면에 근거해 대칭적인 관계 속에서 인과관계를 파악하거나, 전체상적인 접근에 의거해 서로가 직접 간접으로 인과관계를 유지하는 것으로 파악할 경우는 어느 정도 논거가 선다. 특히 인과그물이나 전체상적인 측면에서 접근할 경우는 더욱 그렇다. 그러나 유용성이라는 측면에서 본다면, 후향적인 인과성고찰은 원인선행설에 비해 그 설득력이 약하다. 이런 점에서 현재로서는 결과가 원인에 앞서지 못한다는 견해가 주류를 이룰 수밖에 없다.

• 가족자원경영과 정책
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• 제1권2호
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• pp.45-58
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• 1997

The purpose of this study was to test a causal model of employed and unemployed wives on the basis of the family resource management system theory. The data of this study were obtained from 244 wives who lived in Seoul and were financial mangers. Major findings of this study were as follows: 1. Both employed and unemployed wives, knowledge of financial management was significantly predictor of financial planning. That is, household financial mangers with more financial knowlege used more effective planning behaviors than did those financial managers with less financial konwlege. This results emphasize the significance of enhancing the financial konwledge in the household financial management. 2. For unemployed wives, expectation of household’s future financial condition was influenced by age, household income, locus of control over their financial situation, and perception of financial management’s effectiveness. The strongest predictor of expectation of the household’s future financial situation was age. Younger managers were more optimistic about the future. 3. The findings of this study support theoretical framework on the basis of the family resource management system theory, both for employed and unemployed wives.

• Communications for Statistical Applications and Methods
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.193-207
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• 2001

When designing a test set, we need to consider constraints on items that are deemed important by item developers or test specialists. The constraints are essentially on the components of the test domain or abilities relevant to a given test set. And so if the test domain could be represented in a more refined form, test construction would be made in a more efficient way. We assume that relationships among task abilities are representable by a causal model and that the item response theory (IRT) is not fully available for them. In such a case we can not apply traditional item selection methods that are based on the IRT. In this paper, we use entropy as an uncertainty measure for making inferences on task abilities and developed an optimal item selection algorithm which reduces most the entropy of task abilities when items are selected from an item pool.

• Journal of Information Technology Applications and Management
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.75-100
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• 2011

For decades, thousands of corporation introduced knowledge management systems to respond knowledge-based society. However, it seems that the systems merely focusing on knowledge accumulation and its sharing have been bounded by many restrictions in terms of new knowledge creation based on the life cycle of knowledge management systems. Moreover, recently, a variety of knowledge management activities regarding organization, systems, and process is emphasized as a strategic asset for a corporation to create core knowledge. Therefore, this study adopted the Csikszentmihalyi's flow theory to investigate the factors affecting knowledge creation and the success factors of knowledge management systems in virtual space. Prior studies argued that flow experience should be a prerequisite for creative knowledge creation. In that vein, this research revealed the causal relationships for flow experience between the determinants of clear goal, immediate feedback, congruence of challenge and skill. Additionally, it empirically examined how flow experience affected the exploratory behavior of knowledge creation.

• 한국조경학회지
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• 제30권6호
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• pp.79-97
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• 2003

The purpose of this paper is to analyze a causal model determining social carrying capacity(SCC) in natural parks, to answer the research question: What is the mechanism for determining SCC in natural parks (NP)\ulcorner After reviewing the literature on SCC and recreation activities in Korean natural parks, we constructed a conceptual framework and formulated the hypothesis of this research. We obtained data through a questionnaire which surveyed 487 visitors at 6 of the 73 NP in Korea during 2001, based on a stratified sampling method. We analyzed the data using descriptive statistical methods, the mean difference test, Pearson's correlation analysis, and path analysis method. We found that 1) The direct effect of resources, activity space(AS), visitor's expectation(VE), encounter, crowding, damage of resources(DR), maintenance condition of resources and facility(MCRF) to SCC are 3.45, 3.62, 2.75, 2.72, 1.32, and 4.77 times more important than that of crowding, respectively, while the indirect effect of resources, AS, VE, encounter, and DR to SCC is 13.03, 11.19, 3.34, 1.3, 2.05, 1.10, 0.05 and 2.30 times more important then that of crowding, respectively, 2) Causal effects of resources, facility, AS, VE, number of visitors(NV), encounter, crowding, VM, DR, and MCRF to SCC turned out to have 0.3523, 0.3321, 0.1751, 0.1465, 0.0307, 0.0762, 0.0604, -0.0510, -0.1177 and 0.2165, respectively, and 3) The causal effect of activity base(AB) and activity atmosphere(AA) to SCC turned out to have 2.57 and 1.1 times higher than that of MCRF, respectively. The research results suggest that 1) this conceptual framework is highly useful for the development of substantive theory and methodology; 2) management issues of AA and MCRF turned out to have 0.81 times in SCC that of AB, i.e, SCC can be significantly improved from control of AA and MCRF; and 3) supply of excellent resources and convenient facilities is needed to increase social carrying capacity. It is recommended that more empirical studies be performed in the future according to the season, visitor characteristics, and AS by NP.

• Asia pacific journal of information systems
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.500-518
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• 2015

The present research aims to identify the relationship between trust and distrust in an online business environment. To clarify the concepts, cognitive-affective personality system theory was introduced, through which five types of psychological units were proposed. In developing the research model based on the theory, technical effectiveness of the system and content truthfulness of the website were selected as two key stimuli for the coding process of online users. Trust and distrust were selected as mediating factors that generate consequent behaviors. Finally, purchase intention served as a final dependent variable. Assuming that trust and distrust emerge in psychologically different stages, this study hypothesized the mutual causal relationship between trust and distrust, indicating that the relationship will be determined by their contextual emphasis on each dimension. To validate, a survey was conducted with 307 online shopping mall users. Results show that stimuli were more significantly associated with trust. Trust is therefore a more cognitive construct than distrust, and the path from trust to distrust is stronger than that from distrust to trust. This finding implies that the cognitive aspect of trust is stronger than that of distrust. Distrust is rather more affectively emerging than trust.

• 한국시스템다이내믹스연구
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• 제13권3호
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• pp.5-22
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• 2012

Although many system dynamists point out the close relationship between institutional economics and system dynamics, the relationship between institutional political theory and system dynamics approach is not explicitly appreciated yet. We developed a system dynamics model to investigate theoretical propositions of institutional politics. Our system dynamics model showed how the endogenous mechanism can explain the political changes as well as orders. Although simple in the causal structure, our model could show a complex behavior of political competition. Several simulation results imply that some unexpected changes in election and power competition may come from the endogenous system rather than from exogenous factors such as economic and environmental shocks.

• 한국사회복지학
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• 제64권4호
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• pp.209-231
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• 2012

일반적으로 정신장애에 대한 반낙인 프로그램들은 '정신장애가 다른 신체질환과 마찬가지로 생물학적 장애'임을 강조한다. 이는 귀인정서이론에 근거한 것이다. 그러나 본 연구는 선행연구들을 바탕으로 정신장애 원인을 생물학적 원인과 같은 통제 불가능한 것으로 귀인 하는 경우, 통제 가능한 것으로 귀인하는 경우와 마찬가지로 분노와 두려움이라는 정서를 매개로 사회적 거리감을 증가시킬 것이라는 수정된 귀인정서 모형을 제안하였다. 모형의 적합도를 높이기 위해 모형수정 작업을 통해 최종 수정된 귀인정서모형을 선택하였다. 최종모형의 경로를 분석한 결과 모든 경로는 통계적으로 유의하여 정신장애의 원인을 통제 가능한 것으로 보는 경우와 통제 불가능한 것으로 보는 경우 모두 두려움과 분노를 매개로 사회적 거리감을 증가시키는 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 모형이 정신분열, 알코올중독, 우울증 사례에 동일하게 적용되는지를 알아보기 위해 다집단분석을 실시한 결과 세 집단 모두에 동일하게 적용된다는 전제가 적합한 것으로 나타났고 경로계수의 강도와 크기 역시 유사하게 적용되는 것으로 나타났다. 그러나 전체 모형과 달리 정신장애를 통제 가능한 것으로 인식하는 경우 두려움을 매개로 사회적 거리감을 증가시키는 경로는 통계적으로 유의하지 않았다. 따라서 통제 가능한 원인으로 보는 경우 분노를 매개로 사회적 거리감을 증가시키지만 통제 불가능한 원인으로 보는 경우 두려움을 매개로 사회적 거리감을 증가시키는 것을 알 수 있다. 이를 바탕으로 연구자들은 의료적 모델로 대중을 교육하는 편견극복방법에 수정이 필요함을 지적하였다.

• 한국응용과학기술학회지
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• 제38권3호
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• pp.860-869
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• 2021

본 연구는 모바일 홈트레이닝과 운동몰입, 지속의도에 대한 기술수용 이론을 적용한 인과관계모형에 대한 구조분석 방법(SEM)을 적용하여 소비자을 예측하기 위한 기초자료를 제공하고자 하였다. 현재 코로나-19 팬데믹 사태로 인한 전략적 도구를 파악하기 위해 2021년 2월 1일부터 5월 21일까지 표본계획에 의해 모바일 프로그램인 "서베이 몽키"를 사용하여 유효표본 총 287명의 소비자를 최종 분석에 사용하여 다음과 같은 결과를 도출하였다. 첫째, 수용모델이 운동몰입에 유의미한 영향(+)을 미치는 것으로 나타났으며, 둘째, 수용모델이 운동지속의도에 유의미한 영향(+)을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 셋째, 운동몰입이 운동지속의도에 유의미한 영향(+)을 미치는 것으로 나타났다.

• Human Ecology Research
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• 제55권3호
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• pp.321-336
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• 2017

This study examines the effect of family resources on low-income families by exploring their holistic experience of poverty to the formation of resilience. A grounded theory approach is utilized to structure process from their experience of poverty as well as the use of social welfare services to the formation of resilience. This study targets 17 families involved in the pilot project for the beneficiaries of an asset building program in Seoul. In accordance with open coding and a paradigm model by the result of axial coding, 86 concepts, 23 sub-category, and nine categories are produced. These categories are classified into the causal condition (a tough life due to poverty), contextual condition (being the recipient of an asset building program), intervening conditions (interpersonal resources and effects of accumulated time or experience), central phenomenon (a will to live and overcome poverty), actions/interactions (active behavior and change of attitude), and consequences (change of asset levels and increased efficacy in their lives). The integrating categories identify the core category as 'the process of making a resilient life out of the power to live' and a final process model is organized. The results suggest crucial implications to develop comprehensive policies to address poverty issues for low-income families with a strength-based approach.