• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.269-272
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• 1994

The effect of the root of Coptis japonica (COPT), both dichloromethane soluble $(CH_2Cl_2)$ and insoluble $(H_2O)$ fractions, on catecholamine contents and tyrosine hydorxylase (TH) activity in PC12 cells was investigated. $(CH_2Cl_2){\;}and{\;}H_2O$ fractions showed 21 and 53% inhibitions on dopamine content, respectively, at a ocncentraction of 40 .mu.g/ml in medium : the $(H_2O)$ fraction proveided a grateer inhibitory effect. The TH activity was reduced by the treatment of COPT ($(H_2O)$ fraction). These results suggest that COPT has an inhibitory effect on the catecholamine biosynthesis by the reduction of TH activity in PC12 cells.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.57-61
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• 1995

MeOH extracts of eight herbal medicines were investigated for the effects on catecholamine biosynthesis and tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) activity in PC12 cells. Among them, the MeOH extracts of Polygalae Radix and Rehmaniae Radix showed 32 and 22% inhibition on the dopamine biosynthesis, respectively at a concentration of $40{\mu}g/ml$ medium. But, the TH activity was reduced by the treatment of Polygalae Radix. These results suggest that Polygalae Radix has an inhibitory effect on the catecholamine biosynthesis by the reduction of TH activity in PC12 cells.

• Environmental Analysis Health and Toxicology
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• v.13 no.3_4
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• pp.143-149
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• 1998

To elucidate the preventive effect of Danchisoyosan (DS) on stress, we investigated the physiological change of rats which were applied immobilization stress. For immobilization stress, rats were placed in restrainer for 12 hours a day for 3 days. During application of stress, body weight of rats was measured. After sacrifice, 8 organs were taken for measurement of organ weight. Brain was sectioned into 4 parts that are Frontal Cortex, Corpus Striatum, Hypothalamus and Hippocampus. Each part was homogenated and its catecholamine and serotonin contents were measured with HPLC. In our study, stress mainly induced increase of concentration of neurotransmitters in brain without other significant physical change of rats. DS inhibited stress induced changes of neurotransmitter content in brain.

• Proceedings of the Korean Biophysical Society Conference
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• 1996.07a
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• pp.42-42
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• 1996

Adrenal chromaffin cells secrete catecholamine in response to acetylcholine. The secretory response has absolute requirement for extracellular calcium, indicating that $Ca^{2+}$ influx through voltage operated $Ca^{2+}$ channels (VOCC) is the primary trigger of the secretion cascade. Although the existence of various types of $Ca^{2+}$ channels has been explore using patch clamp techique in adrenal chromaffin cells, the contribution of different types of $Ca^{2+}$ channels to catecholamine secretion remains to be establised. (omitted)omitted)

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.23-28
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• 1985

A quantitative restriction of maternal diet was given to the Sprague Dawley rats during the third week of gestation and during the lactation Dams of deficient groups were fed 20g of a stock diet a day and compared with the control group fed ad libitum throughout the experimental Period Dietary restriction started from birth in deficient 1 group and from the 14th day of gestation in deficient 2 group. Brain serotonin, norepinephrinet dopamine, and tyrosine of offsprings were determined at several intervals. Brain serotonin of offsprings of deficient groups 1 and 2 were significantly lower than the control and significant differences between the deficient greeds were noticed Brain catecholamines and tyrosine of offsprings of deficient groups were significantly lower than the control and there was no difference between the deficient groups. Maternal dietary restriction during the gestation and the lactation may have retarded the synthesis of serotonin and catecholamines in the brain.

• Journal of Sasang Constitutional Medicine
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.185-199
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• 1991

Knowing the reason for constitutional severe sweating of Tae-Eum-In, we have collected 20 person of Tae-Eum-In and 20 person of the others, and measured weight and circumference of neck, chest, abdomen and hip and cholinesterase, epinephrine and norepinephrine in blood. Except group of epinephrine among them, remakable difference had been in the rest comparision, so it considerded that be able to distinguish the characteristics of constitutions.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Noise and Vibration Engineering Conference
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• 2002.05a
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• pp.616-620
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• 2002

가청범위의 주파수보다 낮은 소리, 즉 초저주파음과, 가청음 중 주파수가 낮은 음을 합하여 저주파음으로 분류하기도 하는데, 대략 100Hz 이하의 주파수를 갖는 음을 가리킨다. 인간이 느끼는 저주파음에 대한 영향은 여러 범위로 조사되고 있으며 주로 청력손실과 불쾌함에 미치는 영향에 초점을 맞추고 있다.(중략)

• Proceedings of the PSK Conference
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• 2003.10b
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• pp.87.2-88
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• 2003

The present study was conducted to investigate the effects of pinacidil, a potassium channel opener, on arterial blood pressure, catecholamine release and vascular contractile responses in the normotensve rats and to establish the mechanism of action. Phenylephrine (an adrenergi $_1$-receptor agonist) and high potassium (a membrane- depolarizing agent) caused greatly contractile responses in the isolated aortic strips, respectively. These phenylephrine (10$\^$-5/ M)-induced contractile responses were dose-dependently depressed in the presence of pinacidil (25 ∼ 100 ${\mu}$M). (omitted)

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• v.2 no.6
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• pp.753-761
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• 1998

Preconditioning of a heart with small doses of catecholamines induces a tolerance against the subsequent lethal ischemia. The present study was performed to find a specific receptor pathway involved with the catecholamine preconditioning and to test if adenosine plays a role in this cardioprotective effect. Isolated rat hearts, pretreated with small doses of ${\alpha}-\;or\;{\beta}-adrenergic$ agonists/antagonists, were subjected to 20 minutes ischemia and 20 minutes reperfusion by Langendorff perfusion method. Cardiac mechanical functions, lactate dehydrogenase and adenosine release from the hearts were measured before and after the drug treatments and ischemia. In another series of experiments, adenosine $A_1\;or\;A_2$ receptor blockers were treated prior to administration of adrenergic agonists. Pretreatments of a ${\beta}-agonist,\;isoproterenol(10^{-9}{\sim}10^{-7}\;M)$ markedly improved the post-ischemic mechanical function and reduced the lactate dehydrogenase release. Similar cardioprotective effect was observed with an ?-agonist, phenylephrine pretreatment, but much higher $concentration(10^{-4}\;M)$ was needed to achieve the same degree of cardioprotection. The cardioprotective effects of isoproterenol and phenylephrine pretreatments were blocked by a ${\beta}_1-adrenergic$ receptor antagonist, atenolol, but not by an ${\alpha}_1-antagonist,$ prazosin. Adenosine release from the heart was increased by isoproterenol, and the increase was also blocked by atenolol, but not by prazosin. A selective $A_1-adenosine$ receptor antagonist, 1,3-dipropyl-8-cyclopentyl xanthine (DPCPX) blocked the cardioprotection by isoproterenol pretreatment. These results suggest that catecholamine pretreatment protects rat myocardium against ischemia and reperfusion injury by mediation of ${\beta}_1-adrenergic$ receptor pathway, and that adenosine is involved in this cardioprotective effect.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• v.4 no.4
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• pp.270-275
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• 2010

Catecholamines are among the first molecules that displayed a kind of response to prolonged or repeated stress. It is well established that long-term stress leads to the induction of catecholamine biosynthetic enzymes such as tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) and dopamine ${\beta}$-hydroxylase (DBH) in adrenal medulla. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of ginseng on TH and DBH mRNA expression. Repeated (2 h daily, 14 days) immobilization stress resulted in a significant increase of TH and DBH mRNA levels in rat adrenal medulla. However, ginseng treatment reversed the stress-induced increase of TH and DBH mRNA expression in the immobilization-stressed rats. Nicotine as a ligand of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) in adrenal medulla stimulates catecholamine secretion and activates TH and DBH gene expression. Nicotine treatment increased mRNA levels of TH and DBH by 3.3- and 3.1-fold in PC12 cells. The ginseng total saponin exhibited a significant reversal in the nicotine-induced increase of TH and DBH mRNA expression, decreasing the mRNA levels of TH and DBH by 57.2% and 48.9%, respectively in PC12 cells. In conclusion, immobilization stress induced catecholamine biosynthetic enzymes gene expression, while ginseng appeared to restore homeostasis via suppression of TH and DBH gene expression. In part, the regulatory activity in the TH and DBH gene expression of ginseng may account for the anti-stress action produced by ginseng.