• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.381-391
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• 1993

4주령의 수컷 SD rat 에 각각 옥수수유, 신선한 어유 그리고 과산화어유를 함유한 식이를 섭취시키면서 카테킨을 10mg/kg 체중으로 복강내 투여하여 4주간 사육한 후 체중과 간장 무게의 변화, 혈청, 간장 및 부고환 지방조직에 대한 지질과산화물, 콜레스테롤, 중성지질, 인지질의 정량, 지방산 조성 및 GOT, GPT, SOD, catalase, glutathione peroxidase 등의 효소활성을 검토하였다. 체중증가는 옥수수유 섭취군이 어유 섭취군 (FO)과 과산화어유 섭취군(PFO)에 비해 높은데 비해 간장무게는 그 반대의 결과였으며 카데킨의 투여에 의해 간장무게의 증가를 억제할 수 있었다. 지질과산화물 함량도 FO군에 비해 PFO군이 현저하게 높았는데 카테킨투여로 12~17%의 감소효과를 얻을 수 있었다. 카테킨 투여군(FO-C, PFO-C)은 FO, PFO군에 비해 총콜레스테를 농도의 저하와 HDL-콜레스테롤 농도의 증가를 보임으로써 콜레스테롤 합성 억제 또는 대사의 촉진에도 효과적인 것을 알 수 있었다. 또한 카테킨 투여는 혈청의 중성지질과 인지질의 농도를 효율적으로 저하시킨 것으로 보아 지질 합성에 대한 강한 억제작용을 가진 것으로 나타났다. 또한 카데킨투여군이 비 투여군에 비해 GOT활성이 낮아진 것으로 보아 카데킨투여가 간장의 손상을 억제할 수 있는 것으로 나타났다. 반면 생체내 과산화작용과 관련되는 유리기의 제거반응에 연관되는 생체의 SOD, catalase, GSH-Px 등의 효소는 카데킨투여군이 오히려 낮은 활성을 보였는데 이 점을 homeostasis로 이해해야 할지 추후 계속 확인해 볼 필요가 있는 흥미로운 발견이었다. 혈청과 조직의 지방산 조성은 서로 조금씩 다른 것으로 나타났는데 혈청은 $C_{l8:1}$, $C_{l6:0}$, $C_{l8:2}$, $C_{l8:0}$ 가 주요 지방산이었고 간장은 $C_{l8:0}$, $C_{20:4}$, $C_{l6:0}$, $C_{l8:2}$ (인지질), $C_{l6:0}$, $C_{l8:2}$, $C_{l8:1}$, $C_{22:6}$(중성지질), 지방조직은 인지질과 중성지질 모두 $C_{l6:0}$, $C_{l8:2}$, $C_{l8:1}$, $C_{18:2}$ 등이 주요 지방산으로 조직에 따라 약간씩 다른 경향을 보였다. 그리고 카테킨은 특히 혈청에서 $C_{20:5}$, $C_{22:6}$과 같은 고도불포화지방산의 함량을 유지시키는데 효과적임을 알 수 있었다. 이상의 결과를 미루어 볼 때 과산화된 지질의 섭취는 생체내 대사 이상을 유발할 가능성이 인식되었고 카테킨의 투여는 신선한 어유를 섭취한 경우 뿐만 아니고 이미 과산화된 어유를 섭취한 경우 뿐만 아니고 이미 과산화된 어유를 섭취한 경우에도 생체내에서 과산화 억제작용을 어느 정도 효과적으로 수행하는 것으로 나타나 앞으로 이의 효과적인 활용이 기대된다.다.

• 약학회지
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• 제43권3호
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• pp.334-341
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• 1999

Thyroid peroxidase is a biochemical target protein for the antithyroid drugs. Ethanol extracts from one hundred and thirty seven natural products were screened for the inhibition of thyroid peroxidase activity. Thyroid peroxidase was purified from porcine thyroids, and the inhibition of peroxidase activity was evaluated using guaiacol oxidation (C-C coupling) assay. Twenty one natural products expressed a remarkable inhibition (>50%) of peroxidase activity at $330{\mu\textrm{g}}$ solid weight/m. The 50% inhibitory concentration ($IC_{50}$) of 70% ethanol extract from six potent natural products ranged from 3.1 to $31.2{\;}{\mu\textrm{g}}$ solid weight/m, in contrast to the range ($0.33~0.54{\;}{\mu\textrm{g}}/ml$) of $IC_{50}$ values fro catechin and epigallocatechin gallate as positive controls. Noteworthy, the extract of Camellia taliensis showed irreversible inhibition of the enzyme. It is suggested that extract from some natural products such as Camellia taliensis, Rheum undulatum or Euphorbia perinensis, exhibiting a potent inhibition of peroxidase activity, may be developed as sources of potent antithyroid agents.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제28권5호
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• pp.679-687
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• 2018

Korean red pine (Pinus densiflora) is one of the major Pinus species in Korea. Red pine bark is removed prior to the chipping process in the wood industry and discarded as waste. However, red pine bark contains a considerable amount of naturally occurring phenolics, including flavonoids, and therefore may have a variety of biological effects. In this study, we investigated if Korean red pine bark extract (KRPBE) could protect neuronal PC-12 cells from oxidative stress and inhibit cholinesterase activity. Analysis of reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography results revealed four phenolics in KRPBE: vanillin, protocatechuic acid, catechin, and taxifolin. The total phenolic and flavonoid contents of KRPBE were 397.9 mg gallic acid equivalents/g dry weight (DW) and 248.7 mg catechin equivalents/g DW, respectively. The antioxidant capacities of KRPBE measured using ABTS, DPPH, and ORAC assays were 697.3, 521.8, and 2,627.7 mg vitamin C equivalents/g DW, respectively. KRPBE and its identified phenolics protected against $H_2O_2$-induced oxidative cell death in a dose-dependent manner. Acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase, which degrade the neurotransmitter acetylcholine to terminate neurotransmission in synaptic clefts, were inhibited by treatment with KRPBE and its identified phenolics. Taken together, these results suggest that KRPBE and its constituent antioxidative phenolics are potent neuroprotective agents that can maintain cell viability under oxidative stress and inhibit cholinesterase activity.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제29권9호
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• pp.1717-1722
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• 2008

The 70 kDa heat-shock protein (Hsp70) involved in various cellular functions, such as protein folding, translocation and degradation, regulates apoptosis in cancer cells. Recently, it has been reported that the green tea flavonoid (−)-epigallocatechin 3-gallate (EGCG) induces apoptosis in numerous cancer cell lines and could inhibit the anti-apoptotic effect of human Hsp70 ATPase domain (hATPase). In the present study, docking model between EGCG and hATPase was determined using automated docking study. Epi-gallo moiety in EGCG participated in hydrogen bonds with side chain of K71 and T204, and has metal chelating interaction with hATPase. Hydroxyl group of catechin moiety also participated in metal chelating hydrogen bond. Gallate moiety had two hydrogen bondings with side chains of E268 and K271, and hydrophobic interaction with Y15. Based on this docking model, we determined two pharmacophore maps consisted of six or seven features, including three or four hydrogen bonding acceptors, two hydrogen bonding donors, and one lipophilic. We searched a flavonoid database including 23 naturally occurring flavonoids and 10 polyphenolic flavonoids with two maps, and myricetin and GC were hit by map I. Three hydroxyl groups of B-ring in myricetin and gallo moiety of GC formed important hydrogen bonds with hATPase. 7-OH of A-ring in myricetin and OH group of catechin moiety in GC are hydrogen bond donors similar to gallate moiety in EGCG. From these results, it can be proposed that myricetin and GC can be potent inhibitors of hATPase. This study will be helpful to understand the mechanism of inhibition of hATPase by EGCG and give insights to develop potent inhibitors of hATPase.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.40-48
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• 2014

Laver is one of the most consumed edible red algae seaweeds in the genus Porphyra. Laver is primarily prepared in the form of dried, roasted, and seasoned products. We investigated the total polyphenol and flavonoid contents of laver products, and evaluated the in vitro antioxidant properties of solvent extracts from commercially processed laver products. Significant differences in the concentration of phenolic compounds were found among differently processed laver. The total phenolic content for laver extracts ranged from 10.81 mg gallic acid equivalent (GAE)/g extract to 32.14 mg GAE/g extract, depending on extraction solvent and temperature. Laver extracts contained very few flavonoids (0.55 mg catechin equivalent/g extracts to 1.75 mg catechin equivalent/g extracts). 2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 2,2'-azino-bis-3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid (ABTS), hydroxyl radical, and superoxide anion scavenging assays were used to determine the radical scavenging capacities of laver extracts. These assays revealed that the processing method and extraction condition affected the antioxidant potentials of laver. Antioxidant activity of dried laver, roasted laver, and seasoned laver increased in a concentration-dependent manner ($100{\sim}1,000{\mu}g/mL$). The radical scavenging activities of $37^{\circ}C$ and $100^{\circ}C$ water extracts were lower than that of a $37^{\circ}C$ 70% ethanol extract. The highest radical scavenging capacity was observed in the $37^{\circ}C$ 70% ethanol extracts of dried laver, roasted laver, and seasoned laver. Overall, these results support that notion that laver contains bioactive compounds, such as polyphenols and flavonoids, which may have a positive effect on health.

• 생약학회지
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• 제46권1호
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• pp.1-5
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• 2015

In the course of screening tyrosinase inhibitory activity, EtOAc-soluble fraction of Nelumbinis Semen (Seeds of Nelumbo nucifera) showed significant inhibition. Further fractionation of the EtOAc-soluble fraction resulted in 12 compounds, which were identified as 4-(hydroxymethyl)phenol (1), tyrosol (2), 4-(hydroxymethyl)benzaldehyde (3), 4-hydroxybenzoic acid (4), 4-(2-methoxyvinyl)benzene-1,2-diol (5), 2,6-dihydroxybenzoic acid (6), (2R-trans)-2,3-dihydro-3,5,7,8-tetrahydroxy-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-4H-1-benzopyran-4-one (7), (+)-catechin (8), elephantorrhizol (9), (+)-dehydrovomifoliol (10), (-)-boscialin (11) and uridine (12). Compounds 5 and 7 were first reported from this plant. Among the isolated compounds, compound 7 showed strong inhibition on tyrosinase activity with mixed mechanism of competitive and noncompetitive inhibition.

• 토지주택연구
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.45-51
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• 2019

The purpose of this study was to examine the performance of formaldehyde removal from building materials using catechin contained in ginkgo leaf. A small chamber method was used to set up one control group and three experimental groups. As a result, it showed a reduction of formaldehyde from at least 73.5% to 77% when it was increased by 0.4g compared to the control (0g). In addition, it was confirmed by linear regression analysis that the amount of ginkgo leaf and the amount of formaldehyde emission were negatively correlated. Therefore, it was confirmed that the amount of formaldehyde emission was affected by ginkgo leaf.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제53권2호
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• pp.87-90
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• 2010

This study consisted of a quantitative analysis of five phenolic ingredients in differently sized unripe apple extracts, and their tyrosinase inhibitory effects were examined. In the HPLC analysis of phenolic ingredients, small ($4{\pm}1\;g$ per one) unripe apple extracts were observed to have significantly higher quercetin content than larger ($8{\pm}1\;g$ per one) unripe apple and ripe apple extracts. The amount of catechin, epicatechin, p-coumaric acid and chlorogenic acid contents were similar in both the small and large unripe apple extracts. For the results of the tyrosinase assay, small unripe apple extracts provided a potent tyrosinase inhibitory effect, showing 89.2% at 1000 ppm. The tyrosinase inhibitory effects of large unripe apple and ripe apple extracts were weaker than those of the small unripe apple extract. These results suggest that the small unripe apple extract could be useful for de-pigmenting material, while quercetin could be responsible for the potent tyrosinase inhibitory properties of small unripe apple extracts.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제33권7호
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• pp.1079-1084
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• 2004

본 실험에서는 DPPH radical 소거능을 통하여 차잎의 수확시기 및 발효정도에 따른 항산화 활성에 있어서 변화를 비교하고 일상의 녹차 음용으로 섭취되는 항산화 물질을 EGCG 등의 함량으로 추정하고자 하였다. 우전과 같이 수확시기가 빠른 것이 다소 높은 항산화 활성을 보였고, 특히 볕가림 재배한 옥로가 일반 녹차에 비 해 적어도 비슷한 활성을 나타냈다. 중국의 반발효차에 있어서 발효정도에 따라 항산화 활성이 감소한데 비해 완전히 발효된 흥차의 경우 항산화 활성이 녹차의 수준으로 유지하였고, 이러한 홍차의 항산화 물질에 대해서는 보다 체계적 인 연구가 필요하리라 생각된다. 분량 2그램의 녹차를3회 우려 마시는 경우 이로부터 섭취할 수 있는 항산화 물질은 EGCG 기준으로 109∼147 mg정도이고 비타민 C로는 142∼168 mg에 해당한다. 시판되고 있는 녹차티백은 제품에 따라 다소 차이를 보였으나 한 티백으로부터 52∼86 mg정도의 EGCG에 해당하는 항산화 활성을 보였는데 비타민 C로는 63∼96 mg에 해당한다. 증열과정이 긴 냉녹차나 차잎의 분량이 적은 현미 녹차가 낮은 항산화 활성을 보였고, 감잎차, 뽕잎차, 솔잎차에서도 적으나마 항산화 활성이 보인 반면 식 물의 뿌리 인 둥굴레 차는 항산화 활성 이 거의 없다. 전통적 인 방법으로 차를 3회 우려 마시는 경우 차잎 속에 포함된 항산화 물질의 절반정도가 용출되는 셈인데 가능한 분말차로 사용되는 것이 경제적일 수 있다. 세번째 우린 찻물에도 상당량의 항산화 물질이 함유된 반떤, 녹차 티백의 경우 3분이면 충분한 항산화 물질이 용출되는 것을 알 수 있다. 식품 속의 플라보노이드가 섭취되어 실제로 어느 정도 흡수되는가에 대해서 아직 이견이 있고 플라보노이드의 임상적인 효과에 대해 확실하지 않으나 역학적인 근거로는 긍정적이다. 천연의 항산화 물질을 자연스럽게 섭취하는 방법으로서 차의 음용을 생활화하는 것은 퇴행성 또는 노화관련 질환의 예방차원에서 바람직하리라 본다.

• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제38권5호
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• pp.889-900
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• 2018

Characterization and utilization of the bioactive compounds from natural resources is one of the most concerns to maintain quality properties of foods, especially to prevent the oxidation of lipids in meat products. Phytochemical components and antioxidant activities of Cudrania tricuspidata (CT) leaves extracted using various solvents and their effects on physicochemical properties of pork patties during refrigerated storage were measured. The combined solvents of 80% ethanol, 80% methanol and pure double-distilled (dd)-water obtained the higher total phenolic compounds, flavonoids content, and antioxidant activities as compared to the pure solvent alone. Among the individual antioxidant components, catechin was the predominant polyphenol in CT leaves in all extracts. The addition of CT leaves extracts into pork patties showed high antioxidant activities since thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS) values of added CT extracts were lower than those of the control (p<0.05). In conclusion, CT leaf phytochemical components displayed antioxidant activity that varied with the extract solvent used. CT extracts were superior to control in retarding lipid oxidation of pork patties, which was evident as reduced TBARS and peroxide values (POV).