• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제28권10호
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• pp.976-985
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• 1995

Changes in free amino acid concentrations is blood and various tissues were evaluated in cats adapted to the low-protein diet(20% protein, LPD) or the high-protein diet(60% protein, HPD) for 5 weeks. Cumulative body weigth gain for the 5 week period was 463$\pm$43g, and -128$\pm$40g for cats fed HPD and LPD, respectively. Feeding HPD significantly increased the size of liver and kidney. Cats adapted to HPD for 5 weeks have significantly elevated plasma concrntrations of essential amino acids (branched-chain amino acides, threonine, trytophan, phenylalanine and methoionine), whereas plasma levels of non-essential amino acids(alanine, asparagine, glycine, glutamine and serine) were significantly reduced in animals adapted to HPD(p<0.01, or p<0.001) compared to the values for the cats fed LPD. Changes in free amino acid concentratioks in whole blood induced by the variations in dietary level of protein closely reflect the pattern seen in plasma. Amino acids such as branched-chain amino acids, proline and threonine were most difficult to maintain homeostasis and consistantly elevated in lever, kidney, skeletal muscle and brain, as well as in blood of cats adapted to HPD(p<0.01 or p<0.001). All of the free amino acids in jejunum, excluding taurine and ornithine, were significantly elevated in animals adapted to HPD, most probably due to the rapid absorption of large amount of amino acids across the epithelium of small intestine.

• 대한한방내과학회지
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• 제29권1호
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• pp.90-103
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• 2008

Objective : This study wascarried out to understand the effect of Sopyung-tang (SPT) on blood glucose & antioxidant enzyme activities in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Methods : SD rats were separated into three groups, each with 20 rats. Except the normal group, the other two groups were intra-peritoneally injected with streptozotocin 6mg/kg. The experimental group was treated with SPT extract 500mgkg/day for 4 weeks. The normal and control groups were treated with saline 500mg/kg/day for 4 weeks. Changes of plasma glucose level and body weight were observed. After4 weeks, liver and kidney weight, antioxidant enzyme activities, and survival rate were observed with histological changes on liver, kidney and pancreas. Results : In the experimental group, body weight and survival rate increased, while plasma glucose level decreased significantly. Liver and kidney weight, XOD activity decreased in the experimental group compared to the control. GSH-px and CAT activities andinsulin-immunoreactive granules in ${\beta}-cells$ increased significantly in the experimental group compared to the control. Conclusions : This study shows that SPT might be effective for treatment of diabetes and its complications, as well as reduction of oxidative stress.

• Journal of Biomedical and Translational Research
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• 제19권4호
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• pp.86-91
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• 2018

Angiotensin receptor blockers, such as telmisartan, are considered effective in the treatment of hypertension and proteinuria due to chronic kidney disease (CKD) in cats. It selectively blocks the $AT_1$ receptor and does not affect the $AT_2$ receptor, thus effectively blocking the activity of the renin angiotensin aldosterone system. This study aims to compare over time the changes in various indicators, including systemic hypertension and proteinuria, before and after the administration of telmisartan in cats with CKD. Decrease in blood pressure (BP) (p<0.001) and urine protein to creatinine (UP/C) ratio (p<0.001) were found to be statistically significant over time after the administration of telmisartan. BP and the UP/C ratio were $160{\pm} 22.2$ and $0.50{\pm}0.647$ before telmisartan administration (Day 0), $150{\pm}21.0$ and $0.27{\pm}0.487$ on the 30th day (Day 30), $150{\pm}17.0$ and $0.25{\pm}0.376$ on the 60th day (Day 60), and $140{\pm}17.8$ and $0.15{\pm}0.233$ on the 90th day (Day 90) after administration, respectively. BP and UP/C were statistically significantly lower in cats with CKD over time at each time point from Day 0 to Day 90 at 30 day intervals. Especially after 90 days of telmisartan administration, the improvement of BP and UP/C were estimated to be about 20 mmHg and 0.35, respectively. In conclusion, the oral administration of telmisartan to cats with CKD is effective in improving BP and proteinuria, which has a positive effect on long-term survival in cats with CKD.

• BMB Reports
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• 제41권10호
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• pp.710-715
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• 2008

This study investigated the effect of Phellodendri Cortex extract on hyperglycemia and diabetic nephropathy in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into normal control (NC), diabetic control (DC), and diabetic treatment with Phellodendri Cortex extract (DP). Over a 4-week experimental period, Phellodendri Cortex extract was administered orally at 379 mg/kg BW/day. The final fasting serum glucose level, urine total protein level, and relative left kidney weight in the DP group were significantly lower than the DC group. Renal XO and SOD activities in the DP group were significantly lower than the DC group and renal CAT activity in the DP group was significantly higher than the DC group. Tubular epithelial change was reduced in the DP group compared to the DC group. These results indicated that Phellodendri Cortex can reduce glucose level and prevent or retard the development of diabetic nephropathy in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• 제10권4호
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• pp.177-181
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• 2004

Antidiabetic treatment with tubers of Asparagus racemosus (Liliaceae) extract (l00 and 250 mg/kg body weight) for three weeks showed significant reduction in thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) and glutathione reductase (GSH-R) in both liver and kidney. The treatment with A. racemosus significantly altered the glutathione (GSH) and GSH-R to be comparable with the control group. A. racemosus and glibenclamide treated rats showed decreased lipid peroxidation that is associated with increased activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and Catalase (CAT). The ability of A. racemosus on tissue lipid per oxidation and antioxidant status in diabetic animals has not been studied before. The result of this study thus shows that though, A. racemosus possesses moderate antidiabetic activity, but it exhibits potent antioxidant potential in diabetic conditions.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• 제13권4호
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• pp.295-299
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• 2007

The methanol extract of seeds of Swietenia macrophylla King. (MESM) was studied for its antidiabetic activity in streptozotocin induced diabetic rats. It was principally aimed to correlate the efficacious role of MESM on reduction of oxidative state associated with diabetes. The extract was found to be potent antidiabetic evidenced by significant reduction of blood glucose level in diabetic rats (47.96% reduction of blood glucose level, at 300 mg/kg, on day 10). It was found that, MESM at 300 mg/kg, significantly decreased TBARS (35.03 and 22.22%) whilst increased GSH (86.75 and 31.45%), SOD (93.05 and 45.88%) and CAT (56.99 and 68.46%) levels in liver and kidney respectively in diabetic rats.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제20권10호
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• pp.1490-1497
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• 2010

본 연구는 Cd에 노출시킨 붕어를 통하여 각 조직에 축적된 Cd 양과 항산화효소 활성을 통해 생리적인 변화 및 아가미와 신장 조직에서의 미세구조 변화를 조사하였다. Cd을 처리한 실험군 붕어 조직 내 Cd의 함량은 아가미 조직에서 가장 높았고 근육 조직에서 가장 낮았다. 또한 모든 조직에서 Cd의 함량은 노출기간이 길어질수록 증가하여 노출 20일에 가장 높았다. 항산화효소의 활성은 아가미와 근육 조직에서 높았으며, 신장과 간 조직에서 낮았다. 모든 조직에서 SOD의 활성이 가장 높았으며, SOD와 CAT의 활성은 10일에 높은 활성을 보이고 감소하는 유사한 결과를 보였다. Cd에 20일간 노출시킨 붕어의 아가미 조직은 대조군 아가미 조직에 비하여 노출기간이 길어질수록 새변 사이에 점액세포의 수가 증가하였으며, 이차새변에서는 부종, 상피세포의 박리와 새변과 새변이 융합한 형태도 관찰되었다. 또한 아가미 조직의 미토콘드리아와 핵에서는 막의 손상이 확인되었다. 신장 조직은 대조군에서 보우만 주머니 안에 사구체가 꽉 찬 정상구조였으나 노출기간이 길어짐에 따라 사구체가 수축하여 보우만 주머니 안의 공간이 넓은 형태로 관찰되었다.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제19권10호
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• pp.1410-1416
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• 2009

본 연구는 탁수가 어류에 미치는 영향을 분석하기 위하여 임하호 유입지천인 탁수수계(영양군 화매천)와 비탁수수계(청송군 신흥천)의 수질, 토양성분 및 어류의 조직 생리적 변화를 조사하였다. 임하호 유입지천의 수질은 탁수수계에서 pH, DO, SS 및 탁도가 높았으며, 토양성분은 vermiculite (V), illite (I)와 같은 점토광물이 높은 것으로 보아 점토광물이 강우시 쉽게 유출되어 탁수에 영향을 줄 것으로 생각된다. 탁수수계에 서식하는 어류는 이차새변의 간격이 일정하지 않고, 상피세포의 분리와 부종 및 곤봉 형태가 관찰되었다. 또한 아가미 표면이 매끄럽지 못하며 다량의 이물질이 존재하였고, 신장 조직에서는 보우먼주머니 안의 사구체 크기가 수축되어 보우만 공간이 넓은 형태를 나타냈다. 이러한 조직학적 변화가 장기간 지속될 경우 어류의 2차 병변의 원인이 될 수 있으며, 더 나아가 어류의 건강상에 영향을 줄 것으로 사료된다. 항산화효소의 활성은 탁수수계에서 높은 활성을 보이며, GR은 항산화효소의 활성중 가장 낮은 활성을 나타냈다. 또한 탁수수계의 근육과 신장조직에서는 SOD, CAT, GPX, GST가 비탁수수계 보다 높은 활성을 보였다. 이는 활성산소가 많이 발생하는 탁수수계의 어류 체내에서는 유해한 라디칼을 제거하기 위해 항산화효소의 활성이 증가한 것으로 생각된다.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제22권6호
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• pp.1537-1543
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• 2008

The purpose of this study was investigation to examine the prevention diabetic mellitus and treatment effect on Gastrodia Elata Blume(GEB) dieted at prior and after induced diabetic application. Prior induced diabetic 3 weeks ago application GEB dieted. It is to analysis changes in body weight, blood glucose, SOD, CAT and histopathological findings. For the fingding significantly concentration diabetic rats were divided into 3 different experimental groups and each groups were induced diabetic. Experimental group Ⅰ (STZ-induced diabetic rats; n=10), experimental group Ⅱ (after induced DM and GEB dieted rats; n=10), experimental group Ⅲ (Prior GEB dieted thereafter DM induced; n=10). Prior and After GEB dieted application was that body weight, blood glucose were increase in experimental group Ⅱ, Ⅲ. Specially, group Ⅲ was significantly change than group Ⅱ at 1st weeks. and the level of CAT were significantly decrease in experimental group Ⅱ, Ⅲ than group Ⅰ. but SOD level was increase in experimental group Ⅱ, Ⅲ than group Ⅰ. In histological observation; group Ⅰ showed decrease in the intensity and incidence of vacuolations, cellular infiltration and hypertrophy of in liver and kidney. The Gomori's stain result, group Ⅰ showed disruption ${\beta}$-cell in pancrease.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.177-186
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• 1982

The effect of ethacrynic acid (EA) on the renal secretion of PAH was examined in cat kidney. $C_{PAH}$ and $T_{PAH}$ were measured before and after infusion of EA $(0.5{\sim}50mg/kg)$ through the femoral vein. The following results were obtained: 1) In the dosage range of 0.5 to 25 mg/kg, EA increased the urine flow, and sodium and potassium excretion in dose-dependent manner, but the glomelular filtration rate was decreased as the dosage of EA was increased. 2) $C_{PAH}$ and $T_{PAH}$ were decreased by EA in the dosage range of 3 to 25 mg/kg and 1 to 50 mg/kg, respectively, in dose·dependent manner with the dosage to cause 50% inhibition of about 5 mg/kg. 3) With dosage of 0.5mg/kg, EA appeared to exert a great effect on diuretic response without the influence on $T_{PAH}$. At 10min after infusion of EA, a potent diuretic effect appeared, while $T_{PAH}$ did not show a significant change. These results suggest that the action mechanism of EA on tubular secretion of PAH may be different from that on natriuresis. 4) With dosage of 5 mg/kg, EA did not inhibit the Na-K-ATPase activity in microsomal fractions from both cortex and medulla. 5) The double reciprocal plot ($l/T_{PAH}$ versus $l/P_{PAH}$) suggested that EA inhibited the P AH secretion by a competitive pattern. However, probenecid, a prototypic inhibitor of the organic acid pump, had no influence on both the inhibitory effect of $T_{PAH}$ and the natriuretic effect by EA. These results suggest that in vivo EA altered tubular secretion of P AH through interactions with receptors that are not identical with the Na-K-ATPase.