• 한국항해항만학회지
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• 제41권5호
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• pp.303-318
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• 2017

In the shipping industry, it is well known that around 80 % or more of all marine accidents are caused fully or at least in part by human error. In this regard, the International Maritime Organization (IMO) stated that the study of human factors would be important for improving maritime safety. Consequently, the IMO adopted the Casualty Investigation Code, including guidelines to assist investigators in the implementation of the Code, to prevent similar accidents occurring again in the future. In this paper, a process of the human factors investigation is proposed to provide investigators with a guide for determining the occurrence sequence of marine accidents, to identify and classify human error-inducing underlying factors, and to develop safety actions that can manage the risk of marine accidents. Also, an application of these investigation procedures to a collision accident is provided as a case study This is done to verify the applicability of the proposed human factors investigation procedures. The proposed human factors investigation process provides a systematic approach and consists of 3 steps: 'Step 1: collect data & determine occurrence sequence' using the SHEL model and the cognitive process model; 'Step 2: identify and classify underlying human factors' using the Maritime-Human Factor Analysis and Classification System (M-HFACS) model; and 'Step 3: develop safety actions,' using the causal chains. The case study shows that the proposed human factors investigation process is capable of identifying the underlying factors and indeveloping safety actions to prevent similar accidents from occurring.

• 해양환경안전학회지
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.398-407
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• 2018

2010년 1월 해양사고조사코드의 발효를 통하여 해양사고 조사에 대한 표준화된 지침이 마련되었고, 더불어 국제해사기구는 체약국에게 동 지침의 준해양사고제도의 관리를 권고함에 따라 우리나라에서도 2010년 해양사고의 조사 및 심판에 관한 법률에 준해양사고제도에 관한 조항을 신설하게 된다. 중앙해양안전심판원은 준해양사고제도의 효율적 운영을 통하여 해양사고를 예방하고자 다각적인 노력을 기울이고 있으나 본 제도는 좀처럼 활성화되지 못하고 있다. 본 연구는 준해양사고제도의 운영실태와 문제점을 살펴보고, 해외의 우수한 준해양사고제도 및 철도, 항공 등의 유사교통기관의 준사고제도를 분석함으로써 준해양사고제도의 효율적 이행을 위한 방안을 제시하는 데 그 목적이 있다. 이에는 특히 준해양사고 자율보고로의 전환, 사법적 기능이 없는 민간단체로의 이관, 준해양사고보고에 대한 인센티브 제도의 확대, 법제도 개선 및 세부 이행 지침의 마련 등이 포함된다.

• 한국안전학회지
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.40-44
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• 2010

North Korea's discharge of water from a dam into the Imjin River that flows through the inter-Korean border swept away a riverside camping site early Sunday morning, killing six people. This tragic incident might have been prevented if the North had given prior notice of the release from its Hwanggang Dam to the South. Investigations are under way to determine the reasons behind the unexpected act. This incident was a man-made disaster not least death of six people. A water level monitoring system(WLMS) of the Imjin River was installed the bridge of Pilseung that operate three public institutions. The WLMS of the A institution set up warning siren and broadcasting as the water level has been rising the bridge of Pilseung in the Imjin River. But the A institution's system was already out of side before discharged of water a dam into the Imjin River and the operators were culpable negligence. The B institution's office employee on charges of negligence that might have contributed to the tragedy and one of the A institution's employees ignored 26 warning messages on the WLMS. This tragic incident was a man-made disaster not least death of six people and might have been prevented if the WLMS was normally operated and the system operators must be worked a tight.

• 한국화재소방학회논문지
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• 제31권1호
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• pp.81-88
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• 2017

본 연구에서는 화학사고의 인명사고 특성을 분석하기 위해 화학사고의 유형, 사고 발생 장소, 사고 사업장 규모, 사고 물질 등에 따른 화학사고, 인명사고, 사망자, 부상자 등을 조사하여 분석하였다. 화학사고로 인한 인명사고 및 인명피해 현황을 살펴보면 "화학물질관리법" 시행 이전인 2013년과 2014년에 인명사고는 각각 16건, 17건이었고, 법 시행 이후인 2015년과 2016년에는 각각 46건, 23건으로 조사되었다. 전체 화학사고와 인명사고 모두 유 누출에 의한 사고가 가장 많았고, 인명피해 현황 또한 가장 많았다. 화학사고 발생 장소에 따른 사고 및 인명피해 현황을 조사한 결과 사업장에서 모든 조사항목이 가장 높은 수치를 나타냈다. 사고다발 상위 10개 물질을 조사한 결과 폐산을 제외한 9개 물질이 모두 유해화학물질이면서 사고대비물질과 유독물에 포함되는 물질이었다. 따라서, 유 누출 사고, 사고에 취약한 사업장, 위험 화학물질 등에 대한 관리를 강화시킬 필요가 있다.

• 해양환경안전학회지
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• 제24권5호
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• pp.504-510
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• 2018

해양사고는 주로 충돌과 좌초에 의한 것으로 인적과실이 원인이다. 한국형 e-Navigation 사업은 인적과실에 의한 해양사고 저감 및 초고속 해상무선통신(LTE-Maritime)의 구축 방안을 마련하고 있다. 그에 따른 사고취약선박 모니터링 지원 서비스(SV10)는 육상에서 수집한 선박의 위치정보를 기반으로 선박의 충돌 좌초 위험도를 평가하여 선박이 위험상황을 인식할 수 있도록 정보를 제공하고 해양사고 발생 시 육상에서 조기 대응할 수 있도록 실시간 선박 위치 및 위험상황 정보를 유관기관과 공유하는 서비스이다. 본 연구에서는 중앙해양안전심판원에서 제공된 해양사고 통계연보 및 재결서를 분석하여 SV10 서비스로 저감될 수 있는 해양사고 비율을 확인하였다.

• 한국항해학회지
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.23-34
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• 2000

The human error or error involved with human is still the major portion of the causes of marine casualties and attracting a great concern in ship operation. However, there are not so many researches conducted to investigate or develop methodologies for analyzing such causes of human error in maritime industry, which may be caused by the variety of factors affecting the performance of ship operation and the characteristics of human being. This paper aims to study the methodologies used in investigating human factors or errors in maritime field through the investigation of researches performed so far. The methodology for human factors can be usually classified into one of three types; descriptive studies, experimental research and evaluation research. Also there are many different kinds of applied researches for some specific subjects. Prior to the investigation of the root cause of marine accident related with human error, clear concept of the human factors and systematic taxonomy shall be established. Moreover, it is very important considerations in case of casualty inspection on human factors that the inspector on the accident shall have adequate knowledges, understandings on the concept of human factors including the way of research more than those of methodologies and techniques.

• 해양환경안전학회지
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.266-273
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• 2015

Keeping in mind that there are only limited social, economic and administrative resources for reducing marine casualties, the result of statistical survey showed the loopholes of safe maritime transport system, and rendered that most casualties occurred in coastal waters by human errors. When the IMO Marine Casualty Investigation Code was utilized to reveal any structural vulnerability of the international measures, IMO was required to expand its roles to enhance the interface between Liveware and Environment of SHEL model. So, several risk assessment models were studied and found that Maritime Safety Audit System of the Republic of Korea could be a good example of enhancing safe interface between navigators (Liveware) and the navigational circumstances (Environment). It could be dealt with at IMO level as a tool for applying at human error enforcing waters. International cooperative research for upgrading risk assessment modes should also be future terms of reference.

• 선박안전
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• 통권22호
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• pp.19-33
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• 2007

According to amendments of ship safety act which comes into force from 4 Nov. 2007, the amended stability criteria should be applied to the small vessels of 12m or more in length. In this paper, the dimensions of domestic small vessels and the casualty reports of capsizing accidents are analyzed. And 58 ships are sampled, modeled for the investigation of the stability performance. Based on the regression analysis of the model ship's allowable metacentric-heights under several stability requirements, stability criteria for small fishing vessels and cargo ships are proposed.

• 한국항해학회지
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.29-42
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• 1999

In the recent past, maritime safety research has been applied primarily to technological requirements and progression of regulations on standards of safety from which the ISM Code has resulted. Despite the engineering and technological innovations, significant marine casualties continue to occur, which indicates that human factors are an area requiring more focused attention. This paper aims to study the clear concept and its details of human factors in ship operating system through the investigation of researches presented so far. The purpose of studying human factors is to identify how the crew, the owners, the classification societies, and the regulatory bodies can work together to sever the chain of errors which are associated with every marine casualty. The human factors in ship operating system may be defined as the study and analysis of the interaction between the operator and system variables composing the system, most importantly the procedures and the crew and management follow.

• 한국안전학회지
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• 제32권6호
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• pp.16-21
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• 2017

Fire or electrical problem while DC electric traction vehicle operation caused by various reasons can lead to not only suspension of the operation, but also severe aftermath such as massive casualty. In this paper, fire analysis on DC electric traction vehicle caused by electrical breakdown on line breaker, which is in connection with the power supply, is presented. When the electric arc, the by-product of frequent line breaker operation, is not fully diminished, it leads to electrical breakdown and fire. Especially, electrical breakdown can be easily induced by the open-and-close operation of inner contractor inside line breaker, eventually followed by ground fault and generation of transient current. Electric arc is consequent on the ground fault and acts as possible ignition source, leading to fire. Also, during the repetitive operation of the line breaker, the contactor is separated each other and some copper powder is generated, and the copper powder provided breakdown path, resulting in fire.