• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.248-256
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• 2004

Dendropanax morbifera Lev.(Araliaceae), Korean endemic and evergreen small tree is a component of evergreen forest and mainly distributed in sourthern region and islands in Korea. The ecological characteristics of 4 natural stands of D. morbifera.(Sundol, Suak, Hannam, and Sangho populations in Cheju island) were studied. In most of the D. morbifera natural stands, the following tree species appeared predominantly: Castanopsis cuspidata var. sieboldii, Carpinus laxiflora, D. morbifera, Quercus glauca, Quercus myrsinaefolia, Camellia japonica, and Acer pseudo-sieboldianum. Two tree species, such as C. cuspidata var. sieboldii and C. laxiflora appeared in the all investigated stands. D. morbifera occupied 17.2% of the upper story, 12.9% of the middle story, and 10.3% of the lower story, respectively. The distribution patterns by Morisita' s Index showed that D. morbifera was distributed randomly in the three stories. The frequency distribution of DBH D. morbifera species showed reverse J-shaped, therefore it seems to remain as a dominant species.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.352-365
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• 1997

As a serials of researches for the restoration model of evergreen broad-leaved forests, the restoration strategies of the case study areas were proposed. Restoration type of vegetation were classified into an improvement type and a reconstruction type and a reconstruction type for Wando(Island). Improvement type of restoration was suggested for Mokdo(Island). Quercus acuta community, Q. salicina community, Neolitsea sericea community, Castanopsis cuspidata var. sieboldii community, Machilus thunbergii community, Cinnamomum japonicum community, etc. were suggested as a restoration goal of vegetation for Sando(Island). Machlus thunvergii community was suggested as a restoration goal of vegetation for Mokdo(Island). Also the species restoration olan of the Wando(Island) was prepared for Quercus salicina of Fagaceae and Ostrya japonica of Betulaceae those which the natural distribution and population size were very limited. There was no species which needed for species restoration urgently at Mokdo(Island).

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.459-476
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• 1993

Vegetational structure and successional sere were investigated for the evergreen and nearby deciduous broad-leaved forests in inland areas (Turyunsan, Pulgapsan) and south- western island areas (Hongdo, Chindo). The evergreen broad-leaved forests of the four areas showed a sera1 stage with an age structure mostly under fifty years old. Dominant evergreen broad-leaved species in canopy layer were Castanopsis cuspidata var. sieboldii, Machilus thunbergii, Quercus acuta, Q. stenophylla, Q. glauca, and Ncolitsea serzceu. Succession of the forest vegetation in the surveyed areas was proceeding from deciduous broad-leaved trees to evergreen broad-leaved trees. The species of climax stage were assumed to be Machilus thunbergii, iVeolitseu sericea and Dendropanax morbifera in canopy layer, Aucuba japonica and Machilus japonica in subtree and shrub layer.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.15-23
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• 1978

This report observed for anatomical structure and identified species of small wood debris collected at Chungi-Hyankyo, Yunbuk-Chung, Jeju-Hyankyo, Teachung-Hyangkyo and Kwanduk-Chung in Jeju province constructed in a central period of Yi-dynasty, and now named as local cultral assets. 1. Sample of Chungi-Hyangkyo is gymnosperm with window-like pit, axial and radial cannal & dentate ray tracheid. This sample with identified with Pinus densiflora or Pinus thunbergii. 2. Samples of Yunbuk-Chung and Jeju-Hyangkyo are diffuse porous wood having small vessels with scalariform perforation plates scattered almost equally in annual ring, possess heterogenus ray parenchyma & banded apotracheal parenchyma. This sample is identified with Distylium racemosum. 3. Sample of Teachung-Hyangkyo is ring porous wood composed of big vessels of pore zone and compound vessels outside pore zone. It also has simple perforation plates, tylosis, homogenlls uniseriate ray parenchyma & diffuse parenchyma This sample is identified with Castanopsis cuspidata. 4. Sample of kwanduk-Chung is ring porous wood composed of big vessels of pore zone and compound vessels outside pore zone. It has simple perforation plates, heterogenus ray parenchyma, crystal, vasicentric parenchyma. This sample is identified with Zelkova serrata.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• v.5 no.4
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• pp.164-175
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• 1982

This paper contains the results obtained by the ecological investigation in Bijin island. The investigation was conducted during 3 dyas from Aug. 3 to Aug. 5, 1981. The results are followings. The tracheophyta of this island was recoreded as 64 families, 128 genera, 142 species, 21 varieties and 2 forma. Twenty eight species of ever-green broad-leaved trees comprising Gardenia jasminoides for. grandiflora, Castanopsis cuspidata var. thunbergii, Camellia japonica, etc. wad distributed in the southern area of the island. And there was the wind-break forest mainly consisting of aged Machilus thunbergii, Celtis sinensis and Zelkova serrata in the northern area. The northern area dominated by the second forest of Pinus thunbergii, where the whole residents lead their lives, shows the high population density and pure farming rate, so the natural degree is low. The other hand, there was the well-preserved forest of broad-leaved trees containing Zelkoba serrata. Acer palmatum and Quercus serrata, etc. in southern area having a steep peak, Seonyudai, and no resident. So, the potential vegetation of this island is assumed as the forest of ever-green broad-leaved trees which belongs to the forest of subtropics.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.38 no.4
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• pp.517-528
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• 2015

Litter decomposition is an important process in terrestrial ecosystem. However, studies on decomposition are rare, especially in evergreen broadleaf trees. We collected the leaf litter of five evergreen broadleaf trees (Daphniphyllum macropodum, Dendropanax morbifera, Castanopsis cuspidata var. thunbergii, Machilus thunbergii and Quercus acuta), and carried out a decomposition experiment using the litterbag method in Ju-do, Wando-gun, Korea for 731 days from December 25, 2011 to December 25, 2013. Among the five experimental tree species, C. cuspidata var. thunbergii distribution was limited in Jeju Island, and D. macropodum was distributed at the highest latitude at Mt. Baekyang (N 35°40′). About 2% of the initial litter mass of D. macropodum and D. morbifera remained, while 20.9% remained for C. cuspidata var. thunbergii, 30.4% for M. thunbergii, and 31.6% for Q. acuta. D. macropodum litter decayed four times faster (k = 2.02 yr^-1) than the litter of Q. acuta (k = 0.58 yr^-1). The decomposition of litter was positively influenced by thermal climate such as accumulated mean daily air temperature (year day index) and precipitation, as well as by physical characteristics such as thickness (R²=0.939, P = 0.007) and specific leaf area (SLA) (R² = 0.964, P = 0.003). The characteristics of chemical composition such as lignin (R² = 0.939, P = 0.007) and water-soluble materials (R² = 0.898, P = 0.014) showed significant correlations with litter decomposition. However, the nutrients in litter showed complicated species-specific trends. The litter of D. macropodum and D. morbifera had fast decomposition despite their low nitrogen concentration and high C/N ratio. This means that the litter decomposition was more strongly affected by physical characteristics than chemical composition and nutrient content. On the other hand, the litter of Q. acuta which had the slowest decay rate had a high amount of N and low C/N ratio. Thus, the decomposition of Q. acuta litter was more affected by the P content of the litter than the N content, although all litter had similar physical characteristics.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.66-75
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• 1996

To propose basic information for national resource management and planting disign, plant community structure of evergreen broad-leaved forest was investigated. Fifty-two plots(each size 300m$^{2}$) were set up at Ch'omch'alsan area of Chindo, Korea. TWINSPAN and DCA methods were used for classification and ordination analysis. Fifty-two plots were divided into seven groups, which were Quercus variabilis-Carpinus tschonoskii community, Q. glauca community, Castanepsis cuspidata var. sieboldii-Q. stenophylla community, Castanopsis cuspidata var. sieboldii-Camelia japonica community, Q. acuta-Camelia japonica community, Carpinus coreaca-Q spp. community, C. coreana community. Pinus densiflora almost have been selected. Carpinus tschomoskii, Q. variabillis and Q. serrata were to be succeeded by Castanea cuspidata var. sieboldii, Q. stenophylla, Q. acuta and Neolitsea sericea in canopy layer. And Neolitsea sericea, Q. glauca and Camellia japonica was showed high importance values in fertile soil condition. Future restoration plan was necessary for a tourist resort or national forest in warm temperate region. And evergreen broad-leaved plants shall be planted in considering of environmental condition at warm temperate and industrial complex area.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.85 no.1
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• pp.44-55
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• 1996

This study was first performed since 1933 to investigate the flora of $\check{O}$ch$\check{o}$ng Island located in the middle part of Yellow Sea. A number of vascular plants recognized through in this survey were 319 taxa belonging to 78 families, 213 genera, 279 species, 38 varieties and 2 forma in which 38 species were newly recorded and 26 species of evergreen plant were identified. The Pteridophyta distributed in this island were 10 species and the naturalized plants were 4 species. And the coefficient of cryptogram(Pte-Q) and Urbanization Index(UI) as to the destruction degree of natural vegetation showed a value of 0.81, 3.64 respectively. Some noticeable species were Kadsura japonica, Castanopsis cuspidate var. thunbergii, Dendropanax morbifera, and Ficus stipulate and $\check{O}$ch$\check{o}$ng Island was considered as the northern limit of distribution of these species.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.246-257
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• 2005

The flora was summarized as 176 taxa; 66families, 135genera, 147species,25varieties and 4forms in Mulgun-ni Windbreak Forest and 1531axa; 63families, 123genera, 138species, 13varieties and 2forms in Mijo-ri Windbreak Forest. The Specific Plant Species which is categorized by the Minisoy of Environment, Korea, was summarized as 24 taxa for the Degree I and 3 taxa for the Degree III in Mulgun-ni Windbreak Forest: Eusraphis japonica(Staphyleaceae), Aphananthe aspera(Ulmaceae), Ficus erecta(Moraceae), Puccinellia coreensis (Gramineae), Rhus succedanea(Anacariaceae), Koelreuteria paniculata(Sapindaceae) and 28 taxa for the Degree 1 and 7 taxa for the Degree III in Mijo-ri Windbreak Forests: Castanopsis cuspidata val. sieboldii(Fagaceae), Rubus h irsutus(Rosaceae), Elaeagnus macrophylla(Elaeagnaceae), Cinnamom urn japonic urn (Lauraceae), flex integra (Aquifuliaceae) and Lazoste lancEyolia(Lauraceae). From the enlisted vascular plants surveyed, the naturalized plants were 17 taxa in Mulgun-ni Windbreak Forest and 9 taxa in Mijo-ri Windbreak Forests with the Naturalization Index was 9.7 percent and 5.9 percent respectively.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.217-221
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• 2000

The vegetation of Maemul, Somaemul and Eoyu islets in Tongyeong-si was investigated from September, 1996 through August, 1997. In order to analyze the vegetation of this islets, synthesis table, actual vegetation map were prepared. The predominant species of the islets was Camellia japonica. and the vegetation in this study area was classfied into 4 communties (included 1 afforestation) and 7 subcommunities 1 . Camellia japonica community 1) Typical subcommunity 2) Machilus thunbergii subcommunity 3) Castanopsis cuspidata var, thunbergii subcommunity 4) Ligustrum obtusifolium subcommunity 5) Carpinus coreana subcommunity 6) Selaginella tamariscina subcommunity 7) Pinus thunbergii subcommunity 2. Pinus thunbergii community 3. Alnus firma afforestation 4. Miscanthus sinensis var. purpurascens community.