• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• 제10권3호
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• pp.267-271
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• 2005

Many of plants had been reported having immunostimulating activity. This study reports the immunostimulating activity of Cassia tora L. (Leguminosae) seed, by means of solvent extraction method. Ethanol extract and solvent fractions, n-hexane, chloroform, ethylacetate, n-butanol and aqueous layer of Cassia tora L. seed were tested for immunostimulating activity in vitro. The ethylacetate-soluble fraction caused significant inhibition on the production of nitric oxide by murine macrophages (RAW 264.7), and mouse splenocytes were also stimulated at the concentration of 10 pgfmL. Three anthraquinones, chrysophanol (1), isochrysophanol (2) and aloe-emodin (3) with immunostimulating activity were isolated from the ethylacetate-soluble fraction of Cassia tora L. seed through activity-monitored fractionation and isolation method. These results permit Cassia tora L. to be useful as one the of natural immunostimulating crops.

• 한국식품영양학회지
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.612-619
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• 2012

This study was conducted to investigate the physicochemical properties of the ethanol extracts and soluble dietary fiber from Cassia tora L. seed. The proximate composition of Cassia tora, soluble solid contents, color intensity and contents of emodin and rhein of Cassia tora extract, molecular mass distribution, sugar contents and viscosity of soluble fiber from Cassia tora were analyzed. Cassia tora contains 12.6% of moisture, 5.2% of ash, 13.4% of crude protein, 7.2% of crude fat, 8.8% of insoluble fiber and 48.3% of soluble fiber. The effects of extract condition on soluble solid contents, color intensity and contents of emodin and rhein of Cassia tora extract were investigated. The soluble solid contents were higher in 70% or 50% ethanol extracts than those in 100% ethanol extracts and showed highest value in grind sample extracts. In Hunter's color value, 100% ethanol extracts and whole Cassia tora sample extracts were higher in L and b value, but on the contrary, were lower in a value, than those of the other. The highest emodin and rhein contents were observed in 70% and 50% ethanol extracts, respectively, and showed higher value in room temperature extracts than in heating extracts. The molecular mass of soluble fiber from Cassia tora seed was estimated by gel filtration chromatography. Most soluble fiber(80%) exhibited a molecular mass range of between 50~2000 kDa. The major sugars of soluble fiber from Cassia tora seed were identified as xylose, mannose and galactose. The apparent viscosity of 0.5% soluble fiber from Cassia tora seed was 33 mPas showing a higher value than pectin or xanthan gum.

• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.1-9
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• 2001

This study was carried out to investigate the extraction yield, the contents of total phenol substances and antioxidative substances, electron donating abilities, nitrite scavenging abilities of water and ethanol extracts from Cassia tora L. and Pueraria thunbergiana and antioxidative activity of water and ethoanol extract from Cassia tara L. Tatal phenol substances of water and ethanol extract from Cassia tora L. and Pueraria thunbergiana showed nearly the same levels, and the antioxidative substances of water and ethanol extract from Pueraria thunbergiana has as much as two times higher than those from Cassia tara L.. The nitrite scavenging abilities were measured at pH 1.2, 3.0, 4.2 and 6.0, respectively. Water and ethanol extracts from Cassia tora L showed 14.9%∼22.3% and 49.1%∼56.7%, and those from Pueraria thunbergiana revealed 57.7%∼61.0% of nitrite scavenging abilities, respectively. Especially the extracts from Pueraria thunbergiana showed higher pH dependence than those from Cassia tora L. The electrol donating abilities of water extract from Cassia tora L. were higher than those from Pueraria thunbergiana, and vice versa in the case of ethanol extracts. In the antioxidative activitiy of extracts from Cassia tora L. against linoleic acid during storage of 20 days at 50$^{circ}C$, peroxide values at the addition level of 5mg and 10mg were consoderably lower than 2mg although peroxide value increased above 375 after 12days of storage compared with the control(BHA-added) of 129 at 8days.

• 동아시아식생활학회지
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• 제6권3호
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• pp.317-323
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• 1996

Physicochemical characteristics of Cassia tora seeds roasted at different conditions were investigated. Intact Cassia tora seeds were composed of water 11.6% crude protein 13.1%, crude fat 4.4%, curde fiber 13.8%, N-free extract 47.2% and ash 4.9%. Stacking volume ratio was increased generally by swelling, but soluble solids were decreased by rosating process L and B values decreased conspicuously as roasting temperature increase, but $\Delta$E value increased. The content of anthraquinones was 1, 200mg% in unroasted Cassia tora seeds, it increased as roasting time and temperature increase and reached maxium amount at 19$0^{\circ}C$-30min, 21$0^{\circ}C$-20min. and 23$0^{\circ}C$-10min. agter that it decreased remarkably. Optimum roasting condition of Cassia tora seeds was 21$0^{\circ}C$-20min.

• 한국식생활문화학회지
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• 제19권5호
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• pp.499-505
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• 2004

결명자 추출액의 추출 특성과 추출액의 항산화성을 검토하여 결명자의 추출 조건을 결정함으로써 결명자 유효성분의 식품 소재화를 위한 기초자료를 얻고자 하였다. 용매와의 비율을 결정하기 위해 8배, 10배, 12배, 14배의 water를 가하여 추출 수율을 비교한 결과 water와의 비율이 10배일 때 추출 수율이 가장 좋은 것으로 나타났다. 탁도는 water 추출액에서 가장 높았으며, 추출용매의 ethanol 공노가 증가할수록 낮아졌다. 적정산도는 추출용매의, 50% ethanol에서 가장 높았으나, 전체적으로 산도가 매우 낮았다. 유리당 함량은 fructose $0.08{\sim}0.11mg%$, glucose $0.09{\sim}0.32%$, sucrose $0.08{\sim}1.26mg%$로 나타났다. 총 폴리페놀 함량을 나타낸 것으로 50% ethanol 추출액에서 2.03%로 가장 높은 함량을 나타내었으며. 75% ethanol 추출액은 0.02%로 다른 용매에 비해 현저하게 낮은 함량을 나타내었다. 전자공여능은 50% ethanol에서 66.,39%로 나타나 다른 용매에 비해 높은 전자공여 효과를 보여 주었으며, 폴리페놀 함량과 비슷한 경향을 나타내었다. SOD 유사활성 측정 결과는, 50% ethanol 추출액에서 50.56%로 가장 높은 활성을 나타냈었으며, 총 폴리페놀 함량과 전자공여능 측정 결과와 비슷한 경향으로, 50% ethanol 추출액이 다른 두 용매 보다 우수한 것으로 나타났다.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• 제20권5호
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• pp.513-515
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• 1997

From the roasted seeds of Cassia tora L., a new naphthopyrone glycoside was isolated and characterized as 10-[${\beta}$-D-glucopyranosyl-$(1{\rightarrow}6)-O-{\beta}-D-$glucopyranosyl)oxy]-5-hydrox y-8-methoxy-2-methyl-4H-naphtho[1, 2-b]pyran-4-one(isorubrofusarin gentiobioside). Along with isorubrofusarin gentiobioside, alaternin and adenosine were isolated and identified.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제2권4호
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• pp.240-246
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• 2008

Cassia tora L. seeds have previously been reported to reduce blood glucose level in human and animals with diabetes. In the present study, the effects of Cassia tora L. seed butanol fraction (CATO) were studied on postprandial glucose control and insulin secretion from the pancreas of the normal and diabetic rats. Diabetes was induced by an i.p. injection of Streptozotocin (55 mg/kg BW) into the male Sprague-Dawley rats. The postprandial glucose control was monitored during a 240 min-period using a maltose loading test. In normal rats, rats fed CATO (20 mg/l00 g BW/d) showed lower postprandial glucose levels in all the levels from 30 min up to 180 min than those in the control rats without CATO (p<0.05). In diabetic rats, those levels in the CATO group seemed to be lower during the $30{\sim}180$ min, but only glucose level at 30 min showed significant difference compared to that in the control group. Moreover, CATO delayed the peak time of the glucose rise in both normal and diabetic rats in the glucose curves. On the other hand, when CATO was administered orally to the diabetic rats for 5 days, 12 hr fasting serum glucose level was decreased in the diabetic rats (p<0.05). Degree of a decrease in 12 hr fasting serum insulin levels was significantly less in the diabetic CATO rats as compared to diabetic control rats. On the last day of feeding, P cells of the pancreas were stimulated by 200 mg/dL glucose through a 40 min-pancreas perfusion. Amounts of the insulin secreted from the pancreas during the first phase ($11{\sim}20$ min) and the second phase ($21{\sim}40$ min) in the CATO fed diabetic rats were significantly greater than those in the diabetic control group (p<0.05). These findings indicated that constituents of Cassia tora L. seeds have beneficial effect on postprandial blood glucose control which may be partially mediated by stimulated insulin secretion from the pancreas of the diabetic rats.

• 한국식품영양학회지
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• 제13권5호
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• pp.411-418
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• 2000

결명자차, 녹차 및 밤차가 인체의 생체기능활성화에 미치는 영향을 알아보기 위하여 국소뇌혈류량 및 혈압, in vitro상에서의 면역세포의 활성화, 그리고 암세포가 이식된 동물에서의 면역세포 활성화와 암세포의 증식억제 효과를 관찰한 결과 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. 1. 단당류는 현미녹차와 결명자차에는 glucose, ga-lactose등이 들어 있으나 밤차에는 glucose, gal-actose, mannose가 들어 있다. 2. 아미노산은 현미녹차, 밤차, 결명자차 순으로 들어 있다. 3. 카페인은 현미녹차에는 들어 있으나 밤차와 결명자차에는 들어 있지 않았다. 4. 결명자 차는 국소뇌혈류량을 증가시킨 반면 밤차는 감소시켰다. 5. 녹차는 혈압을 증가시켰다. 6. 밤차는 in vitro 상에서 흉선세포와 비장세포의 증식을 유의성있게 증가시켰다. 7. 결명자차와 녹차는 in bitro 상에서 흉선세포의 증식을 감소시켰다. 8. 결명자차와 녹차는 L1210세포가 이식된 동물의 흉선세포 증식을 감소시켰다. 9. 밤차는 L1210세포가 이식된 동물의 비장세포 증식을 촉진시켰다. 10. 밤차와 결명자차는 L1210세포가 이식된 동물의 암세포 증식을 억제하였다.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제40권6호
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• pp.472-477
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• 1997

열처리가 결명자의 색상, 일반성분 및 향기성분 변화에 미치는 영향을 알아보고 결명자 물추출물의 효모 및 고초균 증식과 알코올 발효에 미치는 효과를 조사하였다. 결명자의 일반성분 변화는 볶음온도가 증가함에 따라 수분, 단백질, 지방은 감소한 반면 섬유소 및 회분은 증가하였다. 결명자의 색상 변화는 볶음온도가 높을수록 명도(L), 적색도(a), 황색도(b)의 값은 감소하였고 총색도$({\Delta}E)$의 값은 큰 차이가 없었다. 생결명자와 $160^{\circ}C$로 열처리한 결명자의 주요 향기성분의 비교에서는 크게 차이를 보이지 않았고, 커피의 주요 성분인 furfuryl alcohol을 결명자에서도 분리, 확인하였다. 볶음온도를 달리한 결명자의 물추출물을 첨가한 각 시험구의 효모증식 효과에서는 첨가량이 증가함에 따라서 효모의 증식도가 증가하였으며 $160^{\circ}C$에서 볶음처리한 물추출물에서 제일 활성이 높았다. $160^{\circ}C$로 열처리한 물추출물의 첨가량이 증가함에 따라서 S. cerevisiae의 증식이 24시간까지 급격히 증가하였으며, 대조구보다 모두 증식이 높았다. 결명자 추출물이 고초균의 성장 및 ${\alpha}-amylase$ 생성에 미치는 영향을 조사한 결과 0.5% 처리구에서 가장 높은 생육이 나타났고, ${\alpha}-amylase$ 효소생산 정도는 각 처리구간에 별 차이가 없었다. 각 시험구의 알코올 발효과정중 알코올 함량은 볶음온도가 높아짐에 따라 증가되었다.

• Mycobiology
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• 제29권2호
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• pp.104-106
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• 2001

Alternaria cassiae Jurair & Khan was recorded on seeds of sickle senna(Cassia tora L.). Seed infection ranged from $25{\sim}45%$ in two samples. Developing roots and shoots turn brown and died in case of severe infection. Detailed descriptions were given on the habit characters of the fungus and on the morphology of conidiophores and condia. This is the first report of A. cassiae on seeds of Cassia.