• The Bulletin of The Korean Astronomical Society
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• v.37 no.2
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• pp.81-81
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• 2012

Since the ultraviolet (UV) flux of an integrated population is a good tracer of recent star formation activities, UV observations provide an important constraint on star formation history (SFH) in galaxies. We present UV color-magnitude relations (CMRs) of early-type dwarf galaxies in the Virgo cluster, based on Galaxy Evolution Explorer (GALEX) UV data and the Extended Virgo Cluster Catalog (EVCC, Kim, S. in prep.). The EVCC covers an area 5.4 times larger (750 deg2) than the footprint of the classical Virgo cluster catalog by Binggeli and collaborators. We secure 1304 galaxies as members of the Virgo cluster and 526 galaxies of them are new objects not contained in the VCC. Morphological classification of galaxies in the EVCC is based on the optical image ("Primary Classification") and spectral feature ("Secondary Classification") of the SDSS data. We find that dwarf lenticular galaxies (dS0s) show a surprisingly distinct and tight locus separated from that of ordinary dwarf elliptical galaxies (dEs), which is not clearly seen in previous CMRs. The dS0s in UV CMRs follow a steeper sequence than dEs and show bluer UV-optical color at a given magnitude. Most early type dwarf galaxies with blue UV colors (FUV-r < 6 and NUV-r < 4) are identified as those showing spectroscopic hints of recent or ongoing star formation activities. We explore the observed CMRs with population models of a luminosity-dependent delayed exponential star formation history. The observed CMR of dS0s is well matched with models with relatively long delayed star formation. Our results suggest that dS0s are most likely transitional objects at the stage of subsequent transformation of late-type progenitors to ordinary red dEs in the cluster environment. In any case, UV photometry provides a powerful tool to disentangle the diverse subpopulations of early-type dwarf galaxies and uncover their evolutionary histories.

• Journal of the Korean GEO-environmental Society
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.5-15
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• 2014

Target reliability index in the limit state design indicated the safety margin and it is important to determine the partial factor. To determine the target reliability index which is needed in the limit state design, the six design and construction case histories of gravel compaction piles (GCP) were investigated. The limit state functions were defined by bulging failure for the major failure mode of GCP. The reliability analysis were performed using the first order reliability method (FORM) and the reliability index was calculated for each ultimate bearing capacity formulation. The reliability index of GCP tended to be penportional to the safety factor of allowable stress design and average value was ${\beta}$=2.30. Reliability level that was assessed by reliability analysis and target reliability index for existing structure foundations were compared and analyzed. As a result, The GCP was required a relatively low level of safety compared with deep and shallow foundations and the currd t reliability level were similar to the target reliability in the reinforced earth retaining-wall and soil-nailing. Therefore the target reliability index of GCP suggested as ${\beta}_T$=2.33 by various literatures together with the computed reliability level in this study.

• The Journal of the Petrological Society of Korea
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.279-292
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• 2014

Nd isotopic compositions analyzed from the Phanerozoic granitoids of Korea are integrated and discussed. Variations in Nd isotopic compositions can be explained either by temporal trend or by regional differences. Among the three active periods, first two periods during the Permian-Triassic and Jurassic seem to show variations from rather high ${\varepsilon}_{Nd}(t)$ values at the beginning to lower ${\varepsilon}_{Nd}(t)$ values during the later stages. Such trends probably reflect melting of the subducting oceanic crust and producing magma with higher proportion of depleted mantle derived materials during the early stage of subduction process, and subsequent magmas with greater proportion of old continental crust with progress of subduction. However, the Cretaceous-Paleogene period of active magmatism displays higher ${\varepsilon}_{Nd}(t)$ values during the advanced stage of the igneous activities, which is opposite to the previous active periods. The other explanation is that such differences in ${\varepsilon}_{Nd}(t)$ reflect regional differences, based on the observations that such high-${\varepsilon}_{Nd}(t)$ granitoids distribute in the northeastern Gyeongbuk Province and Gyeongsang Basin. If this is the case, the regions with highr ${\varepsilon}_{Nd}(t)$ values may have distinct crustal evolution histories, e.g. younger average age. The choice between the two hypothesis could be made through further studies.

• Industry Promotion Research
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.51-58
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• 2022

This study is based on Freud's psychoanalysis and intends to deal with the actual psychoanalytic counseling applied to it. In particular, I would like to study the counseling process and counseling techniques. The research results are as follows. The counseling process goes through four stages: initiation, transfer development, training, and transfer resolution as follows after selecting a client and constructing a counseling situation. In the beginning phase, the client listens to important past histories. In the metastasis development stage, it is from the time when metastasis appears. The training phase is the phase in which the client's insight is translated into real life to bring about change. The transfer resolution stage is the period when transfer analysis and interpretation are completed. Counseling techniques include free association, empathy, resistance, transference and countertransference, and interpretation. Free association is a key technique in psychoanalytic therapy and plays an important role in maintaining the analytical framework. Empathy is the ability of the therapist to identify herself with the client and the ability of the therapist to convey the empathic experience to the client itself is a key mechanism for change. Resistance refers to any behavior in which the client does not cooperate with counseling. Transference and countertransference are the main techniques of psychoanalysis. This is because the psychoanalyst induces and resolves the transference of the client during the treatment process. Interpretation refers to the technique of responding verbally in order to understand the needs, meanings, and motives hidden behind the client's thoughts, feelings, and actions. In conclusion, the counseling process of psychoanalytic counseling refers to the purpose of effective counseling by selecting a client and constructing a counseling situation. In addition, the principles of psychoanalysis in counseling techniques are applied to treatment procedures that vary according to the nature of the case, and can be variably applied while treating the same client.

• Journal of the Korean Geosynthetics Society
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.55-67
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• 2022

In this paper, fundamentals and recent development of the interferometric synthetic aperture radar, known as InSAR, technique for measuring ground deformation through satellite image analysis are presented together with case histories illustrating its applicability to urban ground deformation monitoring. A study area in Korea was selected and processed based on the muti-temporal time series InSAR analysis, namely SBAS (Small Baseline Subset)-InSAR and PS (Persistent Scatterers)-InSAR using Sentinel-1A SAR images acquired from the year 2014 onward available from European Space Agency Copernicus Program. The ground settlement of the study area for the temporal window of 2014-2022 was evaluated from the viewpoint of the applicability of the InSAR technique for urban infrastructure settlement monitoring. The results indicated that the InSAR technique can reasonably monitor long-term settlement of the study area in millimetric scale, and that the time series InSAR technique can effectively measure ground settlement that occurs over a long period of time as the SAR satellite provides images of the Korean Peninsula at regular time intervals while orbiting the earth. It is expected that the InSAR technique based on higher resolution SAR images with small temporal baseline can be a viable alternative to the traditional ground borne monitoring method for ground deformation monitoring in the 4^th industrial era.

• Journal of the Society of Disaster Information
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.786-793
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• 2021

Purpose: An experiment was conducted to analyze the characteristics of the settlement of soft clay soil in the central region of the west coast of Korea, which has a high silt content and is difficult to predict settlement due to various stress histories. Method: Field experiments were conducted for three cases. The settlement amount of the subsidence plate was measured in each case, and the following conclusions were drawn by analyzing Terzaghi's one-dimensional consolidation settlement amount, both the hyperbolic method and the Asaoka method. Result: The predicted value by Terzaghi was analyzed to be the largest in all cases, and it was predicted to be 111% to 187% larger than the subsidence plate settlement value. That is, the subsidence plate settlement value, which is the amount of settlement of the actual ground, showed a settlement of 53.4~89.9% compared to the predicted value of Terzaghi. Therefore, it was analyzed that the expected settlement of the Terzaghi method in the clay soft ground of the central west coast of Korea is more than the actual settlement. Conclusion: It was analyzed that the Asaoka method and the hyperbolic method presented relatively similar results, and in practice, predicting the settlement amount smaller than the actual settlement amount may cause a risk, so the hyperbola analysis method predicted 6~14% larger than the actual settlement amount can be used as a safety side.

• Journal of the Korean Geotechnical Society
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.41-49
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• 2006

This paper demonstrates the feasibility of using shallow S-wave, high-resolution seismic reflection surveys to characterize geological structure and stratigraphy of basement rocks for civil engineering purposes. S-wave seismic reflections from depths less than 20 m were recorded along the top of steep readout slopes. Seismic reflection data were recorded using a standard CDP acquisition method with a 24-channel seismograph and a sledge-hammer SH-wave source. The data were acquired using a split-spread source-receiver geometry with a 2 m shot-and-receiver interval, and then were processed to enhance S/N ratio of the data, to improve resolvable power of the seismic section, and to get velocity information of the basement rock. The final seismic reflection profiles using the CDP technique has imaged surfaces as shallow as less than 1m and resolved beds as thin as 1m. The migrated reflection sections possess sufficient quality to correlate the prominent reflection events to the bedding planes and faults identified on the readout outcrops. Similar S-wave reflection surveys could also be used to produce the necessary details of a geological structure of shallow bedrocks to pinpoint optimum locations for monitor wells of civil engineering purposes.

• Journal of the Korean Geotechnical Society
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.25-40
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• 2007

Excessive earth pressure is one of the major mechanical factors in the deformation and damage of Cut-and-Cover Tunnel lining in shallow tunnels and portals of mountain tunnels (Kim, 2000). Excessive earth pressure may be attributed to insufficient compaction and consolidation of backfill material due to self-weight, precipitation and vibration caused by traffic (Komiya et al., 2000; Taylor et al., 1984; Yoo, 1997). Even though there were a lot of tests performed to determine the earth pressure acting on the tunnel lining, unfortunately there were almost no case histories of studies performed to determine remedial measures that reduce differential settlement and excessive earth pressure. In this study the installation of geotextile mat was selected to reduce the differential settlement and excessive earth pressure acting on the cut-and-cover tunnel lining. In order to determine settlement and earth pressure reduction effect (reinforcement effect) of geotextile mat reinforcement, laboratory tunnel model tests were performed. This study was limited to the modeling of rigid circular cut-and-cover tunnel constructed at a depth of $1.0D\sim1.5D$ in loose sandy ground and subjected to a vibration frequency of 100 Hz. Model tests with varying soil cover, mat reinforcement scheme and slope roughness were performed to determine the most effective mat reinforcement scheme. Slope roughness was adjusted by attaching sandpaper #100, #400 and acetate on the cut slope surface. Mat reinforcement effect of each mat reinforcement scheme were presented by the comparison of earth pressure obtained from the unreinforced and mat reinforced model tests. Soil settlement reduction was analyzed and presented using the Picture Analysis Method (Park, 2003).

• 한국노년학
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.223-241
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• 2011

The purpose of this research is to analyze the effect of an autobiography writing program as a method of education for older adults. The authors participated in the processes of all 10 sessions of the autobiography writing program as instructors or program assistants at a senior welfare center in Seoul, 2007. Data used for analysis were learners' narrations in class, written autobiographies by learners, and researchers' memo-notes. We analyzed their narrative flows using Haenninen(2000)'s theory of narrative flow and reconstructed their categories of activities as life histories. 'The innen narration' constructed by learners was a spiritual process in which they have imbued their life and living conditions with meaning. The learners reminisced their lives as 'unreflective narration' in the beginning of education. However, as the class went on, they gradually reminisced them as "reflective narration" and finally developed them as 'meta-reflective narration' through the intentional reflection. Likewise, we could interpret the transition of learners into meta-reflecter as the completion of ego-integration. As a conclusion, we found the effects of the autobiography writing education for older adults in educational, social, and psychological aspects.

• Sleep Medicine and Psychophysiology
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.73-81
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• 1995

Objective : Patients with sleep apnea should be diagnosed with polysomnography(PSG). However, it is not easy to recommend PSG for all patients suspected with sleep apnea in practice. Therefore, we tried to develop the screening test for referral of PSG. Method : 140 patients with snoring and sleep apnea syndrome were studied by the PSG. Sleep apnea questionnaire. Zung's scale for depression. Stanford Sleepiness Scale(SSS), insomnia scale and neuropsychological test were administered. Also, blood pressure, height, weight and neck circumference were measured and some histories were taken. Correlations between respiratory disturbance index(RDI) and various parameters mentioned above and discriminant coefficients of the parameters to RDI were computed. And, we investigated sensitivities of screening tests for selection of the patients with RDI above 20. Results : Using six parameters(neck circumference, systolic blood pressure before sleep, degree of alcohol drinking, frequency of breath-holding during sleep, degree of dry mouth during sleep, sleep apnea score), the patients with RDI above 20 could be discriminated in 92.8% sensitivity. In case of more than two among six parameters(neck circumference of above 40cm, systolic blood pressure of above 125mmHg, frequent alcohol drinking, frequent breath-holding during sleep, frequent dry mouth during sleep, sleep apnea score of above 35), same patients could be discriminated in 87.6% sensitivity. And, in case of more than one among four parameters(neck circumference of above 40cm. systolic blood pressure of above 125mmHg, frequent alcohol drinking, body weight of above 80kg), discrimination sensitivity was 83.5%. Conclusions : Patients with RDI above 20 could be discriminated by above parameters with high sensitivity. Therefore, the screening test using above parameters can be applied in selection of the patients with sleep apnea for PSG in practice.