• Educational Technology International
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.25-40
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• 2009

The purpose of this study was to explore procedures and modalities on collaborative visualization processing of text information for developing e-Learning contents. In order to investigate, two research questions were explored: 1) what are procedures on collaborative visualization processing of text information, 2) what kinds of patterns and modalities can be found in each procedure of collaborative visualization of text information. This research method was employed a qualitative research approaches by means of grounded theory. As a result of this research, collaborative visualization processing of text information were emerged six steps: identifying text, analyzing text, exploring visual clues, creating visuals, discussing visuals, elaborating visuals, and creating visuals. Collaborative visualization processing of text information came out the characteristic of systemic and systematic system like spiral sequencing. Also, another result of this study, modalities in collaborative visualization processing of text information was divided two dimensions: individual processing by internal representation, social processing by external representation. This case study suggested that collaborative visualization strategy has full possibility of providing ideal methods for sharing cognitive system or thinking system as using human visual intelligence.

• Journal of Korea Multimedia Society
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• v.3 no.3
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• pp.290-297
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• 2000

For verifying consistency and completeness of some UML diagrams as a representative of the graphic notations for object-oriented designs, we first give an analysis of some UML diagrams and apply simple ER model to the UML diagrams. Next, we formally define this graphical representation as a set of sets and a set of functions. According to the semantics of these functions, we derive a set of rules to assure the consistency and completeness of this graphical representation. These rules will be included with a CASE tool, which possesses both the diagramming facility and the consistency and completeness checking capability.

• Proceedings of the Computational Structural Engineering Institute Conference
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• 2006.04a
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• pp.667-674
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• 2006

Dynamic analysis of the electrical transmission system including transmission towers and cables is carried out by a general purpose structural analysis computer program for examining the wind-resistance of the system The spectral representation method is introduced to generate dynamic wind loads by using the Kaimal's spectrum and the measured wind velocities from wind tunnel tests, respectively. The numerical simulation results show that the responses in the case of the measured wind velocities is slightly larger than those in the case of the code.

• The Mathematical Education
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• v.44 no.4 s.111
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• pp.627-651
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• 2005

This study was conducted to attain an in-depth understanding of students' mathematical representations and to present the educational implications for teaching them. Twelve mathematical tasks were developed according to the six types of problems. A task performance was executed to 151 third graders from four classes in DaeJeon and GyeongGi. We analyzed the types and forms of representations generated by them. Then, qualitative case studies were conducted on two small-groups of five from two classes in GyeongGi. We analyzed how individuals' representations became elaborated into group representation and what patterns emerged during the collaborative small-group learning. From the results, most students used more than one representation in solving a problem, but they were not fluent enough to link them to successful problem solving or to transfer correctly among them. Students refined their representations into more meaningful group representation through peer interaction, self-reflection, etc.. Teachers need to give students opportunities to think through, and choose from, various representations in problem solving. We also need the in-depth understanding and great insights into students' representations for teaching.

• Journal of Electrical Engineering and Technology
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• v.8 no.6
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• pp.1380-1388
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• 2013

The conventional graphical representation of the instantaneous compensation power flow for single-phase active power filters(APFs) simply represents the active power flow and the reactive power flow which flowing between the power source and the active filter / the load. But, this method does not provide the information about the rectification mode and the compensation mode of APFs, especially, the loss for each mode was not considered at all. This is very important to understand the compensation operation characteristics of APFs. Therefore, this paper proposes the graphical representation of the instantaneous compensation power flow for single-phase APFs considering the instantaneous rectification mode and the instantaneous inversion mode. Three cases are verified in this paper - without compensation, with compensation of the active power 'p' and the fundamental reactive power 'q', and with compensation of only the distorted power 'h'. To ensure the validity of the proposed approach, PSIM simulation is achieved. As a result, we could confirm that the proposed approach was easy to explain the instantaneous compensation power flow considering the instantaneous rectification mode and the instantaneous inversion mode of APFs, also, Total Harmonic Distortion(THD)/Power Factor (P.F) and Fast Fourier Transform(FFT) analysis were compared for each case.

• Journal of Korea Entertainment Industry Association
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.59-81
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• 2021

This study examines representations of children and youths in TV commercials both quantitatively (May 2019-April 2020) and qualitatively (thirteen relevant cases). The study's case analyses explore the representation of the 'sexual objectification' of girls, the 'sexual spectacle' of female adolescents, representations that reinforce stereotypes of femininity/masculinity, and the objectification of girls to elicit sympathy for the purposes of raising donations. This study reveals that TV commercials and existing advertisements adhere to representations of established gender roles. This dichotomous representation of gender is problematic since it functions as the starting point of various sexual crimes and gender inequality. For example, most of the victims of the sexual exploitation incident called 'Room Number, N', which shocked Korean society, were female adolescents. These adolescents were seen as men's sexual objects because of this kind of dichotomous thinking. TV commercials are part of the binary representation of deep-rooted stereotypes regarding femininity and masculinity. This study problematizes this representation in order to surpass its limitations. Moreover, an alternative mode of thinking is suggested through the theory of Deleuze and Guattari.

• Journal of Intelligence and Information Systems
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.23-51
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• 2003

With the recent expansion of internet shopping mall, the importance of intelligent products recommendation agents has been increasing. for the products recommendation, This paper propose case-based reasoning approach, and developed a case-based bundle products recommendation system which can recommend a set of sea food used in family events. To apply CBR approach to the bundle products recommendation, it requires the following 4R steps : \circled1 Retrieval, \circled2 Reuse, \circled3 Revise, \circled4 Retain. To retrieve similar cases from the case-base efficiently, case representation scheme is most important. This paper used OW(Object Modeling Technique) to represent bundle products recommendation cases, and developed a similarity measure method to search similar cases. To measure similarity, we used weight-sum approach basically. Especially This paper propose the meaning and uses of taxonomies for representing case features.

• Analyses & Alternatives
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.87-121
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• 2021

Since 2012, Prime Minister Shinzo Abe'sadministration began to promote women's participation and advancement in the workplace and established the Act on the Promotion of Female Participation and Career Advancement in the Workplace (the Act) in 2015. Some criticize this Act as a way to utilize women for economic development and to deal with the shrinking working population. In contrast, others point out that it is a law that can be beneficial for women. As such, this Act serves as an interesting case of a women's policy promoted by a conservative government. This paper's objective is to shed light on if and how women are substantively represented in the Diet members' statements made during the legislative debate of the bill on the Promotion of Female Participation and Career Advancement in the Workplace between 2014 and 2015. This paper asks two research questions. First, based on the mixed evaluation of the Act made in the studies about the Abe administration's women's policies, this research asks if the Diet members speak of women as resources to use for other economic and social goals or if women are substantively represented. Second, drawing insights from the literature on women's substantive representation, this research asks how Diet members speak for women. Particularly, based on the studies on conservatism and substantive representation of women, this question seeks to determine if Diet members engage in the conservative representation of women, taking women's roles as mothers and wives who provide care for children, husbands, and elders at home for granted. The results of the analysis demonstrate that the number of statements that explicitly claimed to use women was small. Second, while some Diet members of conservative political parties engaged in the conservative representation of women, there were more instances of non-conservative representation, in which a variety of types of women were represented. These findings reveal that even when the conservative government's intention to submit the bill was to utilize women rather than acting for women, Diet members could speak for various types of women and engage in the non-conservative representation of women. The findings also imply the importance of paying attention to formal and informal legislative deliberation rules to figure out how women's substantive representation can occur under a conservative government and in a legislature dominated by conservative parties.

• Honam Mathematical Journal
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.131-140
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• 2005

Lower dimensional cases of Einstein's connection were already investigated by many authors for n = 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7. In the following series of two papers, we present a surveyable tensorial representation of 8-dimensional Einstein's connection in terms of the unified field tensor: I. The recurrence relations in 8-g-UFT II. The Einstein's connection in 8-g-UFT In our previous paper [1], we investigated some algebraic structure in Einstein's 8-dimensional unified field theory (i.e., 8-g-UFT), with emphasis on the derivation of the recurrence relations of the third kind which hold in 8-g-UFT. This paper is a direct continuation of [1]. The purpose of the present paper is to prove a necessary and sufficient condition for a unique Einstein's connection to exist in 8-g-UFT and to display a surveyable tensorial representation of 8-dimensional Einstein's connection in terms of the unified field tensor, employing the powerful recurrence relations of the third kind obtained in the first paper [1]. All considerations in this paper are restricted to the second class only of the generalized 8-dimensional Riemannian manifold $X_8$, since the case of the first class are done in [2], [3] and the case of the third class, the simplest case, was already studied by many authors.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.38 no.2
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• pp.37-52
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• 2010

The main purpose of this study is to examine how place representation is related to the formation of urban parks in Seoul, which began at the end of the 19th century. In order to grasp place representation, the hypothesis of this study is that most urban parks are undertaken with the idea of monumentality and symbolism or memories of the place itself. Diverse ways of representation through physical or non-physical aspects of symbolism, monumentality, and place memory are summarized as follows. First, in the case of the physical aspects of representation in the parks, monumentality and symbolism are expressed mostly through monuments or statues. In the case that the intention of the park is commemorative, celebrative elements are more actively utilized. In other cases, symbolic sculptures or statues, which are randomly designated by the government, are so often used regardless of the overarching concept of the urban park. In addition, in the case of place memory, monumentality or symbolism are commonly represented through bronze statues or partial remnants of the past. Recently, however, the site in itself has been constructed to coordinate the memories of a certain place into the configuration of the park. Secondly, in relation to the non-physical representation elements, many urban parks tend to reveal monumentality or symbolism through the names they are given. Recently, this tendency has significantly dropped, but some places of parksare frequently denominated in consideration of place memory. In the case of events held in parks, parks which were constructed in the beginning of the park movement, such as Tapgol Park, hold certain events to commemorate certain causes that took place in those days. On the other hand, the main purpose of recently-constructed urban parks relating to place memory is to encourage citizens to participate in events in a variety of ways.