• Title/Summary/Keyword: Case Management

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Multi-Vector Document Embedding Using Semantic Decomposition of Complex Documents (복합 문서의 의미적 분해를 통한 다중 벡터 문서 임베딩 방법론)

  • Park, Jongin;Kim, Namgyu
    • Journal of Intelligence and Information Systems
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    • v.25 no.3
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    • pp.19-41
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    • 2019
  • According to the rapidly increasing demand for text data analysis, research and investment in text mining are being actively conducted not only in academia but also in various industries. Text mining is generally conducted in two steps. In the first step, the text of the collected document is tokenized and structured to convert the original document into a computer-readable form. In the second step, tasks such as document classification, clustering, and topic modeling are conducted according to the purpose of analysis. Until recently, text mining-related studies have been focused on the application of the second steps, such as document classification, clustering, and topic modeling. However, with the discovery that the text structuring process substantially influences the quality of the analysis results, various embedding methods have actively been studied to improve the quality of analysis results by preserving the meaning of words and documents in the process of representing text data as vectors. Unlike structured data, which can be directly applied to a variety of operations and traditional analysis techniques, Unstructured text should be preceded by a structuring task that transforms the original document into a form that the computer can understand before analysis. It is called "Embedding" that arbitrary objects are mapped to a specific dimension space while maintaining algebraic properties for structuring the text data. Recently, attempts have been made to embed not only words but also sentences, paragraphs, and entire documents in various aspects. Particularly, with the demand for analysis of document embedding increases rapidly, many algorithms have been developed to support it. Among them, doc2Vec which extends word2Vec and embeds each document into one vector is most widely used. However, the traditional document embedding method represented by doc2Vec generates a vector for each document using the whole corpus included in the document. This causes a limit that the document vector is affected by not only core words but also miscellaneous words. Additionally, the traditional document embedding schemes usually map each document into a single corresponding vector. Therefore, it is difficult to represent a complex document with multiple subjects into a single vector accurately using the traditional approach. In this paper, we propose a new multi-vector document embedding method to overcome these limitations of the traditional document embedding methods. This study targets documents that explicitly separate body content and keywords. In the case of a document without keywords, this method can be applied after extract keywords through various analysis methods. However, since this is not the core subject of the proposed method, we introduce the process of applying the proposed method to documents that predefine keywords in the text. The proposed method consists of (1) Parsing, (2) Word Embedding, (3) Keyword Vector Extraction, (4) Keyword Clustering, and (5) Multiple-Vector Generation. The specific process is as follows. all text in a document is tokenized and each token is represented as a vector having N-dimensional real value through word embedding. After that, to overcome the limitations of the traditional document embedding method that is affected by not only the core word but also the miscellaneous words, vectors corresponding to the keywords of each document are extracted and make up sets of keyword vector for each document. Next, clustering is conducted on a set of keywords for each document to identify multiple subjects included in the document. Finally, a Multi-vector is generated from vectors of keywords constituting each cluster. The experiments for 3.147 academic papers revealed that the single vector-based traditional approach cannot properly map complex documents because of interference among subjects in each vector. With the proposed multi-vector based method, we ascertained that complex documents can be vectorized more accurately by eliminating the interference among subjects.

Disaster Risk Assessment using QRE Assessment Tool in Disaster Cases in Seoul Metropolitan (서울시 재난 사례 QRE 평가도구를 활용한 재난 위험도 평가)

  • Kim, Yong Moon;Lee, Tae Shik
    • Journal of Korean Society of Disaster and Security
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    • v.12 no.1
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    • pp.11-21
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    • 2019
  • This study assessed the risk of disaster by using QRE(Quick Risk Estimation - UNISDR Roll Model City of Basic Evaluation Tool) tools for three natural disasters and sixteen social disasters managed by the Seoul Metropolitan Government. The criteria for selecting 19 disaster types in Seoul are limited to disasters that occur frequently in the past and cause a lot of damage to people and property if they occur. We also considered disasters that are likely to occur in the future. According to the results of the QRE tools for disaster type in Seoul, the most dangerous type of disaster among the Seoul city disasters was "suicide accident" and "deterioration of air quality". Suicide risk is high and it is not easy to take measures against the economic and psychological problems of suicide. This corresponds to the Risk ratings(Likelihood ranking score & Severity rating) "M6". In contrast, disaster types with low risk during the disaster managed by the city of Seoul were analyzed as flooding, water leakage, and water pollution accidents. In the case of floods, there is a high likelihood of disaster such as localized heavy rains and typhoons. However, the city of Seoul has established a comprehensive plan to reduce floods and water every five years. This aspect is considered to be appropriate for disaster prevention preparedness and relatively low disaster risk was analyzed. This corresponds to the disaster Risk ratings(Likelihood ranking score & Severity rating) "VL1". Finally, the QRE tool provides the city's leaders and disaster managers with a quick reference to the risk of a disaster so that decisions can be made faster. In addition, the risk assessment using the QRE tool has helped many aspects such as systematic evaluation of resilience against the city's safety risks, basic data on future investment plans, and disaster response.

Introduction of the International Standardization of ISO in the Production and Quality of Herbal Medicines and a Review of Countermeasures (한약재 생산 및 품질부문의 ISO국제표준화 등재현황 소개 및 대응방안 고찰)

  • Kim, Yong Il;Kang, Young Min;Han, Sin-Hee;Hur, Mok;Kim, Young Guk;Chang, Jae Ki
    • Journal of the Korean Society of International Agriculture
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    • v.30 no.4
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    • pp.257-268
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    • 2018
  • Recently, the international standardization of ISO in the field of Oriental Herbal Medicine has been progressing rapidly under the direction of China's promotion. China's intention to promote international standardization is to extend its influence to the world and beyond the domestic market. The Oriental medicine system in East Asia has similar roots in academic terms, but the medicines that can be supplied and received in each country are different and have developed independently. The international standardization of medicinal herbs is expected to function in a direction that weakens such differentiation and independence. From a commercial point of view, international standardization is no different from creating evaluation criteria for oriental medicinal products, and it is expected that its potential impact on domestic and overseas markets and producers will be large. In particular, the international standardization centered on China can lead to favorable evaluation criteria for China, which may further negatively affect the market competitiveness of domestic raw materials, which have been pushed back by Chinese manufacturers. If the domestic production base is weakened, not only will the farmers suffer but the supply and demand of raw materials will also be manipulated, safety management control will be reduced, and the development of oriental herbal products using domestic raw materials will be hurt. Therefore, in the promotion of international standardization, it is necessary not only to reflect the value of Korean herbal medicine but also to provide strategic responses to protect the domestic production base. However, in the case of recent initiatives, there is no precedent in analyzing influence on the production partners and the related industries. In addition, there are few related papers and reports on the subject, so the publicity process has not been done sufficiently. In response to this, this study will examine the countermeasures against the international standardization of herbal medicines through reviewing its present status and evaluating the agenda of the Korean initiative.

Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation for Coronavirus Disease 2019: Expert Recommendations from The Korean Society for Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery

  • Jeong, In Seok;Kim, Woong-Han;Baek, Jong Hyun;Choi, Chang-Hyu;Choi, Chang Woo;Chung, Euy Suk;Jang, Jae Seok;Jang, Woo Sung;Jung, Hanna;Jung, Jae-Seung;Kang, Pil Je;Kim, Dong Jung;Kim, Do Wan;Kim, Hyoung Soo;Kim, Jae Bum;Kim, Woo-Shik;Kim, Young Sam;Kwak, Jae Gun;Lee, Haeyoung;Lee, Seok In;Lim, Jae Woong;Oh, Se Jin;Oh, Tak-Hyuck;Park, Chun Soo;Ryu, Kyoung Min;Shim, Man-Shik;Son, Joohyung;Son, Kuk Hui;Song, Seunghwan;The Korean Society for Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery COVID-19 ECMO Task Force Team
    • Journal of Chest Surgery
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    • v.54 no.1
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    • pp.2-8
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    • 2021
  • Since the first reported case of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in December 2019, the numbers of confirmed cases and deaths have continued to increase exponentially despite multi-factorial efforts. Although various attempts have been made to improve the level of evidence for extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) treatment over the past 10 years, most experts still hesitate to take an active position on whether to apply ECMO in COVID-19 patients. Several ECMO management guidelines have been published recently, but they reflect some important differences from the Korean medical system and aspects of real-world medical practice in Korea. We aimed to find evidence on the efficacy of ECMO for COVID-19 patients by reviewing the published literature and to propose expert recommendations by analyzing the Korean COVID-19 ECMO registry data.

Habitat Climate Characteristics of Lauraceae Evergreen Broad-leaved Trees and Distribution Change according to Climate Change (녹나무과 상록활엽수 자생지 기후특성과 기후변화에 따른 분포 변화)

  • Yu, Seung-Bong;Kim, Byung-Do;Shin, Hyun-Tak;Kim, Sang-Jun
    • Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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    • v.34 no.6
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    • pp.503-514
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    • 2020
  • Climate change leads to changes in phenological response and movement of plant habitats. Korea's evergreen broad-leaved forest has widened its distribution area compared for the past 20 years, and the range of its native habitats is moving northward. We analyzed climate indices such as the warmth index, the cold index, the lowest temperature in the coldest month, and the annual average temperature, which are closely related to vegetation distribution, to predict the change in the native habitat of Lauraceae evergreen broad-leaved trees. We also analyzed the change and spatial distribution to identify the habitat climate characteristics of 8 species of Lauraceae evergreen broad-leaved trees distributed in the warm temperate zone in Korea. Moreover, we predicted the natural habitat change in the 21st century according to the climate change scenario (RCP 4.5/8.5), applying the MaxEnt species distribution model. The monthly average climate index of the 8 species of Lauraceae evergreen broad-leaved trees was 116.9±10.8℃ for the temperate index, the cold index 3.9±3.8℃, 1495.7±455.4mm for the annual precipitation, 11.7±3.5 for the humidity index, 14.4±1.1℃ for the annual average temperature, and 1.0±2.1℃ for the lowest temperature of winter. Based on the climate change scenario RCP 4.5, the distribution of the Lauraceae evergreen broad-leaved trees was analyzed to expand to islands of Jeollanam-do and Gyeongsangnam-do, adjacent areas of the west and south coasts, and Goseong, Gangwon-do on the east coast. In the case of the distribution based on the climate change scenario RCP 8.5, it was analyzed that the distribution would expand to all of Jeollanam-do and Gyeongsangnam-do, and most regions except for some parts of Jeollabuk-do, Chungcheongnam-do, Gyeongsangbuk-do, and the capital region. For the conservation of Lauraceae evergreen broad-leaved trees to prepare for climate change, it is necessary to establish standards for conservation plans such as in-situ and ex-situ conservation and analyze various physical and chemical characteristics of native habitats. Moreover, it is necessary to preemptively detect changes such as distribution, migration, and decline of Lauraceae evergreen broad-leaved trees following climate change based on phenological response data based on climate indicators and establish conservation management plans.

A case study on monitoring the ambient ammonia concentration in paddy soil using a passive ammonia diffusive sampler (논 토양에서 암모니아 배출 특성 모니터링을 위한 수동식 암모니아 확산형 포집기 이용 사례 연구)

  • Kim, Min-Suk;Park, Minseok;Min, Hyun-Gi;Chae, Eunji;Hyun, Seunghun;Kim, Jeong-Gyu;Koo, Namin
    • Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
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    • v.39 no.1
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    • pp.100-107
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    • 2021
  • Along with an increase in the frequency of high-concentration fine particulate matter in Korea, interest and research on ammonia (NH3) are actively increasing. It is obvious that agriculture has contributed significantly to NH3 emissions. However, studies on the long-term effect of fertilizer use on the ambient NH3 concentration of agricultural land are insufficient. Therefore, in this study, NH3 concentration in the atmosphere of agricultural land was monitored for 11 months using a passive sampler. The average ambient NH3 concentration during the total study period was 2.02 ㎍ m-3 and it was found that the effect of fertilizer application on the ambient NH3 concentration was greatest in the month immediately following fertilizer application (highest ambient NH3 concentration as 11.36㎍ m-3). After that, it was expected that the NH3 volatilization was promoted by increases in summer temperature and the concentration in the atmosphere was expected to increase. However, high NH3 concentrations in the atmosphere were not observed due to strong rainfall that lasted for a long period. After that, the ambient NH3 concentration gradually decreased through autumn and winter. In summary, when studying the contribution of fertilizer to the rate of domestic NH3 emissions, it is necessary to look intensively for at least one month immediately after fertilizer application, and weather information such as precipitation and no-rain days should be considered in the field study.

Ideological Impacts and Change in the Recognition of Korean Cultural Heritage during the 20th Century (20세기 한국 문화재 인식의 이데올로기적 영향과 변화)

  • Oh, Chunyoung
    • Korean Journal of Heritage: History & Science
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    • v.53 no.4
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    • pp.60-77
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    • 2020
  • An assumption can be made that, as a start point for the recognition and utilization of cultural heritage, the "choice" of such would reflect the cultural ideology of the ruling power at that time. This has finally been proved by the case of Korea in the 20th century. First, in the late Korean Empire (1901-1910), the prevailing cultural ideology had been inherited from the Joseon Dynasty. The main objects that the Joseon Dynasty tried to protect were royal tombs and archives. During this time, an investigation by the Japanese into Korean historic sites began in earnest. Stung by this, enlightened intellectuals attempted to recognize them as constituting independent cultural heritage, but these attempts failed to be institutionalized. During the 1910-1945 Japanese occupation, the Japanese led investigations to institutionalize Korean cultural heritage, which formed the beginning of the current cultural heritage management system. At that time, the historical investigation, designation, protection, and enhancement activities led by the Japanese Government-General of Korea not only rationalized their colonial occupation of Korea but also illustrated their colonial perspective. Korean nationalists processed the campaign for the love of historical remains on an enlightening level, but they had their limits in that the campaign had been based on the outcome of research planned by the Japanese. During the 1945-2000 period following liberation from Japan, cultural heritage restoration projects took places that were based on nationalist ideology. People intended to consolidate the regime's legitimacy through these projects, and the enactment of the 'Cultural Heritage Charter' in 1997 represented an ideology in itself that stretched beyond a means of promoting nationalist ideology. During the past 20 centuries, cultural heritage content changed depending on the whims of those with political power. Such choices reflected the cultural ideology that the powers at any given time held with regard to cultural heritage. In the background of this cultural heritage choice mechanism, there have been working trade-off relationships formed between terminology and society, as well as the ideological characteristics of collective memories. The ruling party has tried to implant their ideology on their subjects, and we could consider that it wanted to achieve this by being involved in collective memories related to traditional culture, so called-choice, and utilization of cultural heritage.

A Proposal of Direction of Wind Ventilation Forest through Urban Condition Analysis - A Case Study of Pyeongtaek-si - (도시 여건 분석을 통한 바람길숲 조성방향 제시 - 평택시를 사례로 -)

  • SON, Jeong-Min;EUM, Jeong-Hee;SUNG, Uk-Je;BAEK, Jun-Beom;KIM, Ju-Eun;OH, Jeong-Hak
    • Journal of the Korean Association of Geographic Information Studies
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    • v.23 no.4
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    • pp.101-119
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    • 2020
  • Recently, as a plan to improve the particulate matter and thermal environment in the city, urban forests acting as wind ventilation corridor(wind ventilation forest) are promoted nationwide. This study analyzed the conditions for the creation of wind ventilation forest(vulnerable areas of the particulate matter and thermal environment, distribution of wind ventilation forest, characteristics of ventilation corridor) of in Pyeongtae-si, one of the target cities of wind ventilation forest project. Based on the results, the direction of developing on the wind ventilation forest in Pyeongtaek-si was suggested. As a result of deriving areas vulnerable to particulate matter and thermal environment, it was most vulnerable in urban areas in the eastern area of Pyeongtaek-si. Especially, emissions were high from industrial complexes and roads such as the Pyeongtaek-si thermal power plant, ports, and the national road no. 1. The wind ventilation forest in Pyeongtaek-si was distributed with small-scale windgenerating forests, wind-spreading forests, and wind-connection forests fragmented and disconnected. The characteristic of the overall wind ventilation corridor in Pyeongtaek-si is that the cold air generated from Mt.Mubong, etc., strongly flowed into Pyeongtaek-si and flowed in the northwest direction. Therefore, it is necessary to preserve and expand the wind-generating forests in Pyeongtaek-si in the long term, and it was important to create wind-spreading forests and wind-connection forests so that cold air could flow into the vulnerable area. In addition, in industrial complexes and roads where particulate matter is generated, planting techniques should be applied to prevent the spread of particulate matte to surrounding areas by creating wind-spreading forests considering the particulate matter blocking. This study can be used not only as the basis data for wind ventilation forest project in Pyeongtaek-si, but also as the basis data for urban forest creation and management.

Potential Habitat Area Based on Natural Environment Survey Time Series Data for Conservation of Otter (Lutra lutra) - Case Study for Gangwon-do - (수달의 보전을 위한 전국자연환경조사 시계열 자료 기반 잠재 서식적합지역 분석 - 강원도를 대상으로 -)

  • Kim, Ho Gul;Mo, Yongwon
    • Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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    • v.35 no.1
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    • pp.24-36
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    • 2021
  • Countries around the world, including the Republic of Korea, are participating in efforts to preserve biodiversity. Concerning species, in particular, studies that aim to find potential habitats and establish conservation plans by conducting habitat suitability analysis for specific species are actively ongoing. However, few studies on mid- to long-term changes in suitable habitat areas are based on accumulated information. Therefore, this study aimed to analyze the time-series changes in the habitat suitable area and examine the otters' changing pattern (Lutra lutra) designated as Level 1 endangered wildlife in Gangwon-do. The time-series change analysis used the data on otter species' presence points from the 2nd, 3rd, and 4th national natural environment surveys conducted for about 20 years. Moreover, it utilized the land cover map consistent with the survey period to create environmental variables to reflect each survey period's habitat environment. The suitable habitat area analysis used the MaxEnt model that can run based only on the species presence information, and it has been proven to be reliable by previous studies. The study derived the habitat suitability map for otters in each survey period, and it showed a tendency that habitats were distributed around rivers. Comparing the response curves of the environmental variables derived from the modeling identified the characteristics of the habitat favored by otters. The examination of habitats' change by survey period showed that the habitats based on the 2nd National Natural Environment Survey had the widest distribution. The habitats of the 3rd and 4th surveys showed a tendency of decrease in area. Moreover, the study aggregated the analysis results of the three survey periods and analyzed and categorized the habitat's changing pattern. The type of change proposed different conservation plans, such as field surveys, monitoring, protected area establishment, and restoration plan. This study is significant because it produced a comprehensive analysis map that showed the time-series changes of the location and area of the otter habitat and proposed a conservation plan that is necessary according to the type of habitat change by region. We believe that the method proposed in this study and its results can be used as reference data for establishing a habitat conservation and management plan in the future.

Identification of Bird Community Characteristics by Habitat Environment of Jeongmaek Using Self-organizing Map - Case Stuty Area Geumnamhonam and Honam, Hannamgeumbuk and Geumbuk, Naknam Jeongmaek, South Korea - (자기조직화지도를 활용한 정맥의 서식지 환경에 따른 조류 군집 특성 파악 - 금남호남 및 호남정맥, 한남금북 및 금북정맥, 낙남정맥을 대상으로 -)

  • Hwang, Jong-Kyeong;Kang, Te-han;Han, Seung-Woo;Cho, Hae-Jin;Nam, Hyung-Kyu;Kim, Su-Jin;Lee, Joon-Woo
    • Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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    • v.35 no.4
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    • pp.377-386
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    • 2021
  • This study was conducted to provide basic data for habitat management and preservation of Jeongmaek. A total of 18 priority research areas were selected with consideration to terrain and habitat environment, and 54 fixed plots were selected for three types of habits: development, valley, and forest road and ridge. The survey was conducted in each season (May, August, and October), excluding the winter season, from 2016 to 2018. The distribution analysis of birds observed in each habitat type using a self-organizing map (SOM) classified them into a total of four groups (MRPP, A=0.12, and p <0.005). The comparative analysis of the number of species, the number of individuals, and the species diversity index for each SOM group showed that they were all the highest in group III (Kruskal-Wallis, the number species: x2 = 13.436, P <0.005; the number of individuals: x2 = 8.229, P <0.05; the species diversity index: x2 = 17.115, P <0.005). Moreover, the analysis by applying the land cover map to the random forest model to examine the index species of each group and identify the characteristics of the habitat environment showed a difference in the ratio of the habitat environment and the indicator species among the four groups. The index species analysis identified a total of 18 bird species as the indicator species in three groups except for group II. When applying the random forest model and indicator species analysis to the results of classification into four groups using the SOM, the composition of the indicator species by the group showed a correlation with the habitat characteristics of each group. Moreover, the distribution patterns and densities of observed species were clearly distinguished according to the dominant habitat for each group. The results of the analysis that applied the SOM, indicator species, and random forest model together can derive useful results for the characterization of bird habitats according to the habitat environment.