• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine Technology
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.67-73
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• 2018

$[^{11}C]PIB$ synthesis has been performed by a loop-methylation and HPLC purification in our lab. However, this method is time-consuming and requires complicated systems. Thus, we developed an on-cartridge method which simplified the synthetic procedure and reduced time greatly by removing HPLC purification step. We compared 6 different cartridges and evaluated the $[^{11}C]PIB$ production yields and specific activities. $[^{11}C]MeOTf$ was synthesized by using TRACERlab FXC Pro and was transferred into the cartridge by blowing with helium gas for 3 min. To remove byproducts and impurities, cartridges were washed out by 20 mL of 30% EtOH in 0.5 M $NaH_2PO_4$ solution (pH 5.1) and 10 mL of distilled water. And then, $[^{11}C]PIB$ was eluted by 5 mL of 30% EtOH in 0.5 M $NaH_2PO_4$ into the collecting vial containing 10 mL saline. Among the 6 cartridges, only tC18 environmental cartridge could remove impurities and byproducts from $[^{11}C]PIB$ completely and showed higher specific activity than traditional HPLC purification method. This method took only 8 ~ 9 min from methylation to formulation. For the tC18 environmental cartridge and conventional HPLC loop methods, the radiochemical yields were $12.3{\pm}2.2%$ and $13.9{\pm}4.4%$, respectively, and the molar activities were $420.6{\pm}20.4GBq/{\mu}mol$ (n=3) and $78.7{\pm}39.7GBq/{\mu}mol$ (n=41), respectively. We successfully developed a facile on-cartridge methylation method for $[^{11}C]PIB$ synthesis which enabled the procedure more simple and rapid, and showed higher molar radio-activity than HPLC purification method.

• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.87-93
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• 1995

The oxidized mixture of lipid(methyl linoleate) and phenolics(phloroglucinol) at 37$^{\circ}C$, 82$m\ell$ O/min., for 9 days were separated each by C cartridge and silica cartridge making use of different eluting solvent. And the oxidation products were analyzed by HPLC. In conclusion, the oxidized mixture were separated into methyl linoleate and phloroglucinol by cartridge on HPLC. and also in this experiment, separated methyl linoleate and phloroglucinol could be analyzed in the common eluant, water and acetonitrile on HPLC. SEP-PAK cartridges were used almost sample purification until now, but under the various eluting solvents and conditions, cartridge will be expected to mini columns which can separate different polarity materials.

• Journal of Radiopharmaceuticals and Molecular Probes
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.69-74
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• 2020

PIB is the first amyloid plaque PET image tracer reported for the first time in 2003, and is considered to be the best and is still being utilized due to its very high uptake and kinetic properties. Initially, it was synthesized by radioisotope labeling using a precursor containing a methoxy methyl protection group, but now it is synthesized using a 6-OH precursor that can be easily synthesized in one step using [¹¹C]methyl triflate. Carbon-11 has several limitations in clinical studies using PET because its half-life is as short as 20 minutes. In this study, in order to overcome the difficulty of this half-life, a rapid method using Sep-Pak was adopted instead of HPLC purification to significantly reduce the burden of the purification process and attempted synthesis. As a result, the synthesis time was shortened by more than 50%, and the yield of the final compound was higher than the previous result and showed relatively high specific radioactivity, confirming that it is a strategic method with high applicability for various precursors having primary amines.

• Tribology and Lubricants
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• v.38 no.4
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• pp.121-127
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• 2022

This study presents the development of an integrated oil purification system consisting of moisture removal, oil flushing, and oil filtering devices. In this system, the oil flushing device is combined with a micro-bubble generator. Oil purification is necessary for ensuring the high performance of the lubricant through the efficient removal of contaminants and thus enables good maintenance of mechanical systems. The developed purification system removes moisture, varnish, and solid particles. Moreover, during oil purification, the oil flushing device separates foreign materials and contaminants remaining in the lubricating oil piping or mechanical systems. The microbubble generator, which is combined with the oil flushing device, can separate harmful contaminants, such as sludge, wear particles, and rust, from piping or lubrication systems through the cavitation effect. Moisture is removed using a double high-vacuum chamber, while sludge and varnish are removed via electro-absorption using a high-voltage generator. Additionally, the total maintenance cost of the system is reduced through the use of domestically fabricated cartridge filters composed of glass fiber and cellulose. The heater, which maintains the temperature of the lubricant at 60℃, can process 41,000 L of lubricant simultaneously. Multiple tests confirmed that the proposed integrated purification system exhibits good performance in oil flushing and removal of water and varnish.

• Journal of Dairy Science and Biotechnology
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.114-119
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• 2003

Acidocin 4A produced by Lactobacillus acidophilus GP4A was purified to homogeneity by ammonium sulfate precipitation and sequential chromatographies containing Octyl sepharose CL-4B column, $C_{18}$ Sep-Pak Cartridge, $C_{18}$ RP HPLC and HPLC gel filtration. Tricine SDS-PACE resulted in a single band with estimated molecular mass of 4.1 kDa corresponding to the polypeptide weight marker. Electron microscopy of acidocin-treated indicator cells(L. delbrueckii subsp. lactis ATCC 4797) confirmed that acidocin 4A presented bacteriolytic effect, resulting in cell lysis. Curing trial using ethidium bromide (EtBr) was carried out to examine whether acidocin 4A determinant was encoded either by chromosome or on plasmid. The plasmid designated as pLA4A, being about 20 kb in size, was responsible for acidocin 4A production and immunity to host cells.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• v.50 no.4
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• pp.713-717
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• 2012

Approximately forty proteins in egg white have been widely studied for their functional properties. To develop a procedure of separation for pure and non-altered proteins from egg white, purification study was conducted to isolate lysozyme, ovotransferrin, and ovalbumin. Ion exchange cartridge can selectively separate proteins from egg white, and reversed-phase HPLC (RP-HPLC) could identify separated proteins. Proteins in egg white were purified by HI trap ion exchange cartridge SP and Q with buffers pH 8.0 and 5.2. C18 column (Phenomenex, USA) was used for RP-HPLC analysis and isocratic mobile phase was used with acetonitrile (ACN)/distilled water (DW)/trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) in the ratio of 50/50/0.1. Comparing the retention times of standards in RP-HPLC experiments showed that ovotransferrin, ovalbumin, and lysozyme in egg white were eluted successively in the RP-HPLC column after the pretreatment in SP and Q ion exchange cartridges.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.31 no.7
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• pp.1843-1847
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• 2010

An efficient method for the preparation of 1,4-disubstituted 1,2,3-triazole compounds is described using polymeric quaternary ammonium salts having azide or alkyne functionality to remove unreacted excess starting molecules (azide/alkyne). Copper metal could easily be removed by simple filtration with a short $Na_2SO_4$/silica cartridge, affording highly regioselective products in high yield and excellent purity without the need for work-up, extraction and chromatographic purification.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.32 no.6
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• pp.415-419
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• 1988

A rapid and simple method for the determination of pentoxifylline and its major metabolite, metabolte(I) in plasma was examined by HPLC. For the purification and enrichment of drug from plasma, solid-phase extraction was examined using Sep-pak C18 cartridge. The effectiveness of test method was proved by monitoring of the rat after oral administration of pentoxifylline in a dose of 40mg/kg.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.20 no.10
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• pp.1511-1518
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• 2010

The antimicrobial activity of 70% ethanol extracts from Rosa multiflora Thunberg fruit against Helicobacter pylori was examined. The inhibitory activity of Rosa multiflora Thunberg fruit extracts against H. pylori was determined to clear a zone of 14 mm with 70% ethanol extracts. Purification of inhibitory compounds was carried on Sephadex LH-20 and $C_{18}$ cartridge column chromatography using a gradient procedure, with increasing ethanol ($0{\rightarrow}100%$) in $H_2O$. The chemical structure of the purified inhibitory compounds on H. pylori was identified to be protocatechuic acid, chlorogenic acid and quercetin by FAB-MS, NMR and IR spectrum.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.412-416
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• 1997

Seven brands of commercial apple juice in Korea obtained from local stores were analyzed for patulin. Sep-Pak silica cartridge purification of the extract by ethyl acetate offered a good separation of patulin from other components. Patulin was determined by reverse phase liquid chromatography using a J'sphere $4\;{\mu}m$ ODS-H80 column with an ultraviolet detector set at 274 nm. Patulin concentrations in four samples ranged from 4 to $20\;{\mu}g/L$ and the other three samples from 30 to $45\;{\mu}g/L$. The limit of detection was $3\;{\mu}g/L$, and the recovery was $80{\sim}90%$ at the contamination level of $3.78{\sim}125.9\;{\mu}g/L$.