• Cartoon and Animation Studies
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• s.45
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• pp.215-233
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• 2016

Timelapse which was appeared Georges Mellieoseu in 1897 was not familiar to people and was not popular in film or broadcast industry in spite of long history. But about 5 years ago, timelapse has become distinguished in all around image art, because it show us aesthetic extraction of time and variation of color in Vimeo and Youtube which neve been seen before. So nowadays latest camera has come out with default menu which can shoot timelapse. But popularity of timelapse seem not development of cinematography technique or appearance of new function but production of image which reflects ages of present with fully accept digital media property. This study is approached from two formative characteristics. First it is strengthen of time which is showed timelapse and analog media from a comparison angle. Second, it is how to extend their sense and imitate images through resolution which can be possible high quality image and color especially with Raw data Through these methodology, this study defines correlation of character of digital media and artistic value of images in timelapse. And also it cleary assures the era of penetrating art has not only visual amusement as known but, also representative value of our ages and technology of media.

• Cartoon and Animation Studies
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• s.45
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• pp.345-366
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• 2016

In Charlotte's Web, each character motivates the other and strives for the new generation based upon motherhood. The intersection between life and death is directly and symbolically addressed as a component of the natural life cycle. Borrowing Kristeva's theory of the semiotic, the symbolic and the chora, this study investigates the dialectical oscillation between the semiotic and the symbolic and the social circumstances of subjects in signification as well as highlights the features of character growth. From a feminist perspective, herein, motherhood is translated not only as a robust foundation for relations among characters but also as an impetus for developing into a good and influential individual who embraces all organisms with care and consideration. Charlotte's Web clearly shows how the semiotic and symbolic elements of each being, united by motherhood, interact and lead to positive change. Though the world appears to consist of incompatible ingredients, they are combined. Charlotte's Web awakens the fact that their harmony makes a commitment to building a more wonderful place. It can be suggested that Charlotte's Web, where animal characters contain two tendencies of the human mind, exhibits human development proceedings.

• Cartoon and Animation Studies
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• s.45
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• pp.259-282
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• 2016

Documentaries are being recreated into a new genre and the Web Documentary is the typical case. Web Documentaries are the documentaries those comprise creators and users and they are the novel type of text that the interaction with users is absolute. In this research, two Web Documentaries and are analyzed for examining how Web utilizes its features as expressive media inducing users to experience reality. Web Documentaries have dual and spatial structure that allows user interaction and make users to face with various information and knowledge about reality by its encyclopedic characteristics. Also, Web Documentaries give the role of progressing documentary and expanding text to users and that is, they stimulate users' consciousness reminding that they are the ones who explore through reality. In this process, users of Web Documentaries get potentiality of critically examining the reality suggested by documentaries and grasping the meanings beneath it. These features make Web Documentaries special contrast to traditional documentaries not only with their way of pursuing the reality but also with their meanings. This makes the innovative position of Web Documentaries phenomenon clear, issuing the necessity of the discussion about Web Documentaries more strongly. Web Documentaries are not just new media technological phenomenon, and they have their significance as a fundamental challenge toward traditional documentaries.

• Cartoon and Animation Studies
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• s.45
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• pp.177-195
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• 2016

This article analyzes Sergei Eisenstein's acting theory, which is famous for his Russian montage. According to the existing discussions, he avoids the psychological realism through the concept of cut acting. It is a method like montage from the viewpoint that the practice of the cut action is segmented into shots. While Vsevolod Pudovkin, who asserts a connection montage, is looking for performance to portray a gradual change of emotion adopted by Konstantin Stanislavsky's psychological realism, Eisenstein prefers the acting of Vsevolod Meyerhold's masks in the same manner as the collision montage. This article traces the viewpoints on acting and actor that Eisenstein posed throughout his montage theory. It focuses on Film Sense(1942) and Film Form(1949), which are a collection of articles written by Eisenstein. As a result of examining the domestic and foreign literatures centering on Korean and English, it is hard to find the discussions on the analysis of Eisenstein's acting theory. Almost all of them are concentrated in his montage, among which the mention of acting is extremely limited. The cut acting, the typage, the inner techniques and processes of actor that express and induce the living emotions, and the acting of the integrating into diversity as one of the inner language are useful concepts in the creation and case analysis of contemporary films. Especially, his acting theory can be applied in the creation process of cartoons, webtoons, and animations which can meet the most decisive and impressive montage technique of Eisenstein. It is also possible to find many related cases for the analysis. This is why I look back on Eisenstein's film acting theory, and the results of the discussion will be a sufficient foundation for the derivation of related research.

• Cartoon and Animation Studies
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• s.45
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• pp.451-477
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• 2016

The changes in media environments have impacted on the ways in which knowledges are formed and transmitted and therefore the relevance of the traditional school subjects have been increasingly questioned. In this context, the discourses of the reformation of the 21st century schooling have focused on convergence education and media literacy education. Therefore, it is worth paying attention to the fact that the practices of transdisciplinary integrated curriculum focusing on digital media content are grown voluntarily in schools. This research is a case study of a convergence educational project that was initiated by a middle school teacher who designed and implemented a unique program of the transdisciplinary class of Korean focusing on reading webtoons with the linked program of a 'Book Club Activity' that was a part of 'Creative Experiential Activitites'. Based on the analysis of the documents, participatory observation of a main event and the interview with the teacher, this article discusses how the webtoon-focused convergence education project might have achieved meaningful connections between a subject-focused learning and a creative experiences-focused learning; between in and out of school learning spaces; between the real and imaginative worlds; and between the boundaries of the popular culture and the arts. The main finding of the research can be summarized as follows: Firstly, webtoon as the subject of the study can be an effective medium of transdisciplinary integrated curriculum. Secondly, the convergence project based on webtoons can create meaningful learning spaces in and out of school environments in terms of creating more learner-participatory learning culture as well as connecting students' everyday lives, popular arts and their learning about culture. Another important finding of this research is the rediscovery of the teacher's role in terms of mediating the voices of students as readers in the process of constructing and implementing the integrated curriculum.

• Cartoon and Animation Studies
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• s.49
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• pp.493-519
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• 2017

Looking back at the last 10 years of the enactment of the Game Industry Act, the law was revised as a regulation rather than a promotion of the game. The objective of this study is to investigate where game regulation originated and derived through the history of those, and to find out what areas were missed, and to solve the tangled threads by regulation. For this purpose, we reviewed the implications of 10,000 won per hour, and discussed alternatives. Data were collected and analyzed on the basis of a review of regulatory literature and in - depth interviews with experts. When regulating games, we found that the side effects were further amplified by simply regulating the amount. Especially, we found that the vicious cycle in which functions such as indication, hit repeatedly, and automatic progress are made and immediately following prohibited is repeated. The point at which there is a sharp interest between the game user and the game operator in the game progression is the 'reward ratio for betting'. This is the key to protecting users. This could be a regulation considering the mechanism of the game. If the regulatory paradigm shifts in the future due to game regulations that take into account the 'reward ratio for betting' in the future, it is expected to minimize the side effects of price regulation and create a sound game ecosystem.

• Cartoon and Animation Studies
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• s.49
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• pp.589-610
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• 2017

This study aimed at examining the music world of the composer Muczynski, who played an important and meaningful role in the various experimental trends of music which began to appear in the early $20^{th}$ century, and his works, thereby understanding his relationship with the development of music of various genres today. In the study, his pieces of piano music among his works, which formed the basis for his music, were analyzed. The study examined stylistic characteristics, that is techniques of various types including form, melody, harmony, tonality, rhythm and structure, and introduced the composer's growth in terms of music and philosophical background. Muczynski, the composer who showed the characteristics of neoclassicism, neoromanticism and neobaroque in contrast to the various forms of the $20^{th}$ music, namely music of free styles including atonal music, twelve-tone technique, avant-garde music and electronic music, used traditional forms. However, the characteristics of his works are very free. In addition, in the 1960s, he participated in the production of documentary movie music, creating very creative and sensational music. Muczynski's music has the features of tonality and shows neoclassic and neoromantic features including economical idea, lyrical melody, bitonality and nine-note scale. His music, therefore, is being evaluated as very creative and valuable and is largely significant in that it has provided a good basis for the development of modern movie music and jazz music today.

• Cartoon and Animation Studies
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• s.49
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• pp.399-423
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• 2017

When thinking about the essence of color, green is the image that is settled on the plant itself, and it is also the color shining by the sun. Physics tries to explain green of plants in the correlation of sun and moon, and the history of art contemplates how it is expressed on the canvas. The film attempts to represent a realistic green using camera or computer specific to the medium. Many color theorists who explore the essence of color do not trust the mechanical and reductive scientific colorism that began in Newton and seek a completely different way of exploring in psychology and aesthetics. Like Goethe, who opposed Newton, they do not distinguish the human as subject and the color as object, but focus on the internal grounds of the relationship between subject and color. The representation of color in film is a combination of physics and art. Film color can be expanded to the spiritual dimension beyond the previous emotional and aesthetic, even beyond the physical and mental domains.

• Cartoon and Animation Studies
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• s.49
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• pp.299-323
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• 2017

Interests to cultural prototype as a material of cultural contents are getting more increasing nowadays. One of them is myth. The important thing when you are dealing with the myth as the material that how to convert prototype narratives. Today, digital culture is becoming one of the essential elements of mankind, that is a new sociocultural phenomenon and distinguishing differentiation from the past analogue era. In this regard, the combination of mythology and digital culture is effective strategies for transforming storytelling that can resonate with people who are not familiar with myths. puts the view both of this world and underworld, mythical characters, and various elements of the Grim Reaper into the story. And combines them with digital elements. sets the world that the transcendental soul exists as physically transferred data form. and reinterprets the traditional mythology world into the digitally operated world. Soul-Phone from this anime reflects the digital culture such as storage and transmission, and helps enjoying audiences accept the unfamiliar world of myth. And also It symbolically shows dystopian viewpoints through side effects can caused by digital technology development, such as the instrumentalization of human being, the risk of communication through digital media, and ego-loss caused by duplication, etc. In conclusion, forms a consensus with the audience through the transformation strategy of storytelling that converts the world of myth into the digital world. And it reflects the dystopian view and shows a differentiated world view from the narrative of myth.

• Cartoon and Animation Studies
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• s.49
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• pp.425-464
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• 2017

The Knowledge of the Channel (e) is often used as educational materials; it delivers very short but compelling message of strong or interesting timeliness. However, as the media environment changes, expectations and demands for The Knowledge The Knowledge of the Channel (e) is used in school education and what should be improved upon to increase utilization of educational resources. We surveyed 361 elementary, middle and high school teachers and analyzed the frequency of using, approach and learning activities of The Knowledge of the Channel (e) in school education. We also analyzed difficulties in using it in the school and what improvements should be made. Result show that the frequency of using The Knowledge of the Channel (e) in school is highest in elementary schools, followed by middle school, and then high school. Teachers strongly consider curricular relevance when selecting broadcasting contents for education, and among programs of EBS(Educational Broadcasting System), most frequently use The Knowledge of the Channel (e). The The Knowledge of the Channel (e) is mainly used as an incentive for increasing motivation. When examined by elementary school curriculum, this material is highly utilized in subjects with content such as society, morality, and science, or with approaches that require various perspectives. However, it is difficult for teachers to find materials directly related to their classes, and since other media content similar to The Knowledge of the Channel (e) is abundant, the utilization of The Knowledge of the Channel (e) is decreasing. To improve this, The Knowledge of the Channel (e) needs to improve its platform and transformed the type of The Knowledge of the Channel (e) content being provided on social media.