• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea SD
• /
• v.45 no.3
• /
• pp.86-93
• /
• 2008

The multi-mode terminal modem which is capable of accommodating a variety of wireless communication standards needs versatile arithmetic units for processing a variety of word lengths and wide range of data rates. Since the target hardware is usually designed to meet the required highest performance, it is often wasteful in power consumption especially when low rate data processing cases. Thus, a speed and power adaptability of the arithmetic unit is a desirable feature for the wireless applications. In this paper, we propose a power efficient versatile adder architecture with carry skip logic as a basic building block constructed in hierarchical manner. The validity of the architecture is shown with respect to size, performance, and power efficiency in diverse operating modes.

• Korean Journal of Applied Biomechanics
• /
• v.22 no.3
• /
• pp.269-276
• /
• 2012

The purpose of This study's aim is to examine the difference in the changes of body segment movement, variables for ball quality, and carry at golf driver swing according to the ball quality using comparative analysis. Regarding the impact variables according to the ball quality using the track man and carry, club speed was the fastest at draw shot, ball speed was the fastest at straight shot, and smash factor was the lowest at draw shot. About the vertical launch angle, the fade shot showed the highest launch angle while the max height of the ground and ball was the highest at fade shot. And carry was the longest at draw shot. For the flight time, it was the longest at draw shot. The landing angle was the largest at fade shot. About the club head position change and trajectory, at the overall event point, the fade shot drew a more outer trajectory at the point of the follow through(E6) than the straight or draw shot. Regarding the angular speed of shoulder rotation, at the overall event point, the fade shot showed the greatest angular speed change in the follow through(E6). Also, about the angular speed of pelvic rotation, at the overall event point, the draw shot showed the greatest angular speed change at the point of down swing(E4). Concerning the stance angle change, both straight and fade shots were open as the concept of open stance whereas the draw shot was close as that of close stance. Regarding the previous study, the most important factor of deciding Ball Quality is the club face angle's open and close state at Impact. In short, the Ball Quality and carry were decided by this factor.

• The Korean Journal of Applied Statistics
• /
• v.23 no.5
• /
• pp.909-921
• /
• 2010

Cross-wave regression imputation and carry-over imputation method are generally used in the analysis of panel data with missing values. Recently it is known that the BLS non-response adjust method has good statistical properties. In this paper we show that the BLS method can be considered as an imputation method with a similar formula of a ratio-estimator. In addition, we show that the carry-over imputation and BLS imputation are approximately the same under the assumption that data follow a non-stationary process with drift. Small simulation studies and real data analysis are performed. For the real data analysis, a monthly labor statistic (2007) is used.

• Journal of Korean Physical Therapy Science
• /
• v.16 no.2
• /
• pp.11-17
• /
• 2009

Background: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of the body alignment on the type and weight of the bag. Methods: The Subjects(n=62) measured posture alignment and make out the questionnaire. The questionnaire item was type of the bag, weight of the bag, side which carries the bag, and time to carry the bag. The posture alignment measured by global posture system(GPS). GPS Measurement was ASIA, acromion process, medial malleolus on Frontal plane, ear, shoulder joint, knee joint, lateral malleolus on sagittal plane, and trunk rotation on transverse plane. Results: The backpack and shoulder bag was no significant. The width of the strap bag was not significant. The side which carries on shoulder bag was statistical significance(p<.05). The time to carry the bag was statistical significance on change of posture(p<.05). A bag weight was no significant. Conclusion: This research provides the direction and carry the bag in time for the posture. This study showed that type and weight of bag does affect body alignment. This indicates that there is an interaction that plays a crucial roles in the type and weight of bag and the body alignment.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information Security & Cryptology
• /
• v.13 no.4
• /
• pp.139-149
• /
• 2003

In this paper a hardware design of area-efficient hash processor which implements MD5 algorithm using hardware sharing and carry-save addition schemes is described. To reduce area, the processor adopts hardware sharing scheme in which 1 step operation is divided into 2 substeps and then each substep is executed using the same hardware. Also to increase clock frequency, three serial additions of substep operation are transformed into two carry-save additions and one carry propagation addition. The MD5 hash processor is designed using 0.25 $\mu\textrm{m}$CMOS technology and consists of about 13,000 gates. From timing simulation results, the designed MD5 hash processor has 465 Mbps hash rates for 512-bit input message data under 120 MHz operating frequency.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
• /
• v.18 no.6
• /
• pp.871-880
• /
• 1993

Conventional binary addition rules require a carry formation and propagation to the most significant bit, and lead to serial addition. Thus, the carry progapation in a binary addition stands as a hindrance to the full utilization of parallelism optics offers, Optical adders using a modified signed-digit(MSD) number system have been proposed to eliminate the carry propagation chain states to represent the three possible digits of MSD number system must encode three different states to represent the three possible digits of MSD. In the paper, we propose the design of a parallel optical adder based on 2-bit addition rules using the method of symbolic substitution(SS).

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea SD
• /
• v.45 no.8
• /
• pp.32-36
• /
• 2008

Multiplierless FIR filters can be designed by only adders using Common Subexpression algorithm. It has small area compared with filter which using multipliers. But it has long operation time because of carry ripple from the adder. In this paper, when the subexpressions are added in multiplier less filters, the number of subexpressions maintains 2 until final addition to avoid carry ripple of the addition, so the subexpression addition time of the filter can be reduced. To verify proposed method, subexpression adder circuit of the FIR filter is designed using given example of paper. The designed filter was synthesized using Hynix 0.18um process. By Synopsys simulation results, it is shown that by the proposed method, area, propagation delay time can be reduced up to 53.2%, 57.9% compared with conventional design method which using pipeline.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Intelligent Systems Conference
• /
• 2000.05a
• /
• pp.47-50
• /
• 2000

In this paper, an optimal identification method using Multi-FNN(Fuzzy-Neural Network) is proposed for model ins of nonlinear complex system. In order to control of nonlinear process with complexity and uncertainty of data, proposed model use a HCM clustering algorithm which carry out the input-output data preprocessing function and Genetic Algorithm which carry out optimization of model. The proposed Multi-FNN is based on Yamakawa's FNN and it uses simplified inference as fuzzy inference method and Error Back Propagation Algorithm as learning rules. HCM clustering method which carry out the data preprocessing function for system modeling, is utilized to determine the structure of Multi-FNN by means of the divisions of input-output space. Also, the parameters of Multi-FNN model such as apexes of membership function, learning rates and momentum coefficients are adjusted using genetic algorithms. Also, a performance index with a weighting factor is presented to achieve a sound balance between approximation and generalization abilities of the model, To evaluate the performance of the proposed model, we use the time series data for gas furnace and the numerical data of nonlinear function.

• Proceedings of the Korea Contents Association Conference
• /
• 2008.05a
• /
• pp.796-799
• /
• 2008

The hand carry digital media appliances is going to use widely, because the machines became to be small size and light weight for easy carry. Also the demand of various contents was increased for small personal media player:PMP. Now a day PMP was used as a private leisure instruments and will be used as active digital tools like a space culture guiding tools. In this research we will study on the development of user interface for space culture guide contents. Especially we proposed checking tools to be used in test and development phase of UI design for small display appliances.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information Security & Cryptology
• /
• v.7 no.2
• /
• pp.93-106
• /
• 1997

Summation generator is a real adder generator with maximum period, near maximum linear complexity and maximum order of correlation immunity. But this generator has been analyzed by a correlation attack(a kind of known-plaintext attack), which confers carry bits from output sequences of consecutive 0's or 1's. As methods of immunizing carry-output correlation, an immunized summation generator which exclusively-ORed summation generator output with output of a stage of LFSR was proposed. But the immunized generator reuses the output of LFSR by k-bit later and does not garantees maximum period in special case. In this paper we proposed an improved summation generator with 2-bit memory and analyzed it.