• 한국보육지원학회지
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.21-42
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• 2023

Objective: This study aims investigate the moderating effect of mothers' overprotective parenting in the influence of young children's competence, as determined by their temperament, on mastery motivation. Methods: An online survey was conducted on 429 mothers with children aged 3-5. The collected data was analyzed using K-means clustering in SPSS 23.0 and the Process macro Model 2. Results: Children's temperaments were categorized into four types : easy-active temperament, easy-inactive temperament, slow temperament, and difficult temperament. It was confirmed that children's competence directly affected their mastery motivation when they had easy-inactive, slow, or difficult temperament. It was also found that mothers' intrusive control had a direct main effect on object persistence when children had easy temperament, while there was no effect on mastery pleasure. The moderating effects of mothers' anxious protection on the pathway from children's competence to object persistence were significant only among children with a slow temperament. Conclusion/Implications: This study highlights the need for mothers to adapt their parenting behavior to their children's temperament type. The study confirmed partial moderating effects of mothers' overprotective parenting in the influence of children's competence, as determined by their temperament, on mastery motivation.

• Child Health Nursing Research
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• 제30권1호
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• pp.31-44
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• 2024

Purpose: This study aimed to identify the infant-rearing experiences of parents during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic and provide foundational data for the development of infant-rearing support programs during pandemic situations. Methods: Convergent mixed methods were used to better understand the research outcomes by converging both quantitative and qualitative data. A total of 149 parents with infant-rearing experiences during the pandemic responded to a self-report survey, and 10 parents participated in the interviews. Data were analyzed using Colaizzi's method, descriptive statistics, t-test, one-way analysis of variance, the Scheffé test, Pearson correlation coefficients, and hierarchical regression. Results: Analysis of qualitative data yielded the following three categories: five theme clusters, ten themes, and thirty-nine subthemes. The factors influencing infant-rearing behavior were nuclear family (β=.34, p<.001) and rearing stress (β=-.39, p<.001). The explanatory power of the regression equation was 26.6%. Conclusion: Infectious disease disasters, such as the COVID-19 pandemic, can quickly alter infant-rearing conditions, causing heightened parental anxiety. This may affect infant-rearing behaviors and hinder healthy infant development. Future research should develop a comprehensive tool to measure holistic health-related parenting behaviors across the different stages of child development. Additionally, pediatric nurse practitioners can play an active role in educating parents, supporting parenting, and promoting healthy infant development in their communities, making pediatric nurse practitioners a highly relevant and necessary healthcare profession during infectious disease disasters. Thus, there is a need to improve institutions and build infrastructure at the national level to support them.

• 농촌의학ㆍ지역보건
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• 제42권4호
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• pp.234-243
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• 2017

본 연구는 2014년 5월부터 2015년 5월까지 세종특별자치시 고혈압 당뇨병 등록교육센터에서 교육 받은 당뇨병 환자 39명을 대상으로 교육 프로그램의 효과를 평가하고자 실시되었다. 프로그램은 제2형 당뇨병에 대한 질환, 영양, 운동 등에 관한 내용으로 2일 동안 2회의 세션(세션 당 45 분)으로 구성되었다. 교육 전에 당뇨병에 관한 지식, 자기효능감, 자기관리행위 등을 평가하였고, 교육 직후에 지식과 자기효능감 평가, 교육 후 12주째에 자기관리행위를 평가하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 당뇨병 지식 점수(10점 만점)는 프로그램 전후 평균 5.72점에서 8.21점으로 유의하게 증가하였고(p<0.001), 자기효능감 점수(10점 만점)는 프로그램 전후 6.88점에서 8.16점으로 유의하게 증가하였다(p<0.001). 자기관리행위 점수는 프로그램 전 5점 만점 중 3.59점이었던 것이 프로그램 종료 12주째에 4.35점으로 유의하게 증가하였다(p<0.001). 본 프로그램은 당뇨병 지식, 자기효능감, 자기관리행위 등의 향상을 통해 등록환자의 효과적인 당뇨병 관리에 기여할 수 있을 것으로 사료된다.

• 보건교육건강증진학회지
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.125-153
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• 2006

This study was intended to describe women's weight controlling by creating a hypothetic model on the weight adjustment behavior and by examining a cause and effect relationship, and to contribute to countermeasures for practicing their promotion of health and improving the quality of life through creating a predictable model. The subject of study was women who utilize the beauty shop located in Seoul, Busan and Daegu and the study period was 12 weeks from July 10 to September 30 in 2004. Gathered 1093 person's general specialty related with weight adjustment and analyzed covariance to prove the hypothesis using statistics compiled from authentic sources. Also proved coincidence of the hypothetical model. Exogenous variables of the hypothetical model are composed of recognition of her body shape, fatness level, age, stress, and self-respect. Endogenous variables are health- control mind, recognized health state, self-efficacy, intention, and behavior of weight adjustment. There were 5 measured variables for exogenous variable(x). There were 8 measured variable(y) for exogenous variable. And coincidence $x^2=297.38$, standard $x^2(x^2/df)=7.08$, GFI=0.962, AGFI=0.917, NFI=0.875, TLI=0.794, CFI=0.889, RMSEA=0.075. The result of hypothesis had an epoch-making record that 20 out of 27 hypothesis was proved positive way. Generally weight adjustment has been highly seen in housewives, the married and the old age. Health control mind seems to be high as fatness level, age, and self-respect are high and low stress. Recognized health state is high as age and self-respect are high and low stress. However, it is not much related with recognition of her body shape and fatness level. If age, self-respect, health control mind, recognized health state and self-efficacy are high intention of behavior is also high, but intention of behavior has no relation with recognition of her body shape, fatness level and stress. If fatness level, age, self-respect, health control mind, recognized health state and self-efficacy and intention of behavior are high, execution of weight adjustment will be high. However, recognized health state and stress has no influence for weight adjustment. To increase the coincidence of hypothesis and take a simple model I modified a model and then I got the coincidence $x^2=215.62$, standard $x^2(x^2/df)=6.34$, GFI=0.970, AGFI=0.931, NFI=0.902, TLI=0.901, CFI=0.915, RMSEA=0.070. This result is a bit better than original hypothetical model's so that this model might be more suitable. In this modification model, the factors of weight adjustment seems to be high according to this order self-efficacy, recognized health state, age, intention, health control mind, self-respect, fatness level and stress. With this result I suggest ; 1. Enforcement of IR that everybody can be controlled weight adjustment herself and continuous education, which is related with regular habit (food, exercise, restriction of a favorite food and behavior training etc.) is also needed. 2. Because self-efficacy is influenced to execution of weight adjustment specific program which can increase self-efficacy should have to develop and we need to utilize it to take care of herself. 3. To protect fatness and be active weight adjustment the peculiar program including the concept of self-respect, recognized health state, health control mind and intention must be developed and not only women but also all of people should be educated. 4. This hypothetical model is forecasting women's weight adjustment behavior and can be utilized for fundamental data to increase those people's health.

• 간호행정학회지
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.51-64
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• 1997

The purpose of the study was to introduce an integrated approach of new Casuistry and specified principlism in resolving ethical problems and studying nursing ethics. In studying clinical ethics and nursing ethics, there is no systematic research method. While nurses often experience ethical dilemmas in practice, much of previous research on nursing ethics has focused merely on describing the existing problems. In addition, ethists presented theoretical analysis and critics rather than providing the specific problems solving strategies. There is a need in clinical situations for an integrated method which can provide the objective description for existing problem situations as well as specific problem solving methods. We inherit two distinct ways of discussing ethical issues. One of these frames these issues in terms of principles, rules, and other general ideas; the other focuses on the specific features of particular kinds of moral cases. In the first way general ethical rules relate to specific moral cases in a theoretical manner, with universal rules serving as "axioms" from which particular moral judgments are deduced as theorems. In the seconds, this relation is frankly practical. with general moral rules serving as "maxims", which can be fully understood only in terms of the paradigmatic cases that define their meaning and force. Theoretical arguments are structured in ways that free them from any dependence on the circumstances of their presentation and ensure them a validity of a kind that is not affected by the practical context of use. In formal arguments particular conclusions are deduced from("entailed by") the initial axioms or universal principles that are the apex of the argument. So the truth or certainty that attaches to those axioms flows downward to the specific instances to be "proved". In the language of formal logic, the axioms are major premises, the facts that specify the present instance are minor premises, and the conclusion to be "proved" is deduced (follows necessarily) from the initial presises. Practical arguments, by contrast, involve a wider range of factors than formal deductions and are read with an eye to their occasion of use. Instead of aiming at strict entailments, they draw on the outcomes of previous experience, carrying over the procedures used to resolve earlier problems and reapply them in new problmatic situations. Practical arguments depend for their power on how closely the present circumstances resemble those of the earlier precedent cases for which this particular type of argument was originally devised. So. in practical arguments, the truths and certitudes established in the precedent cases pass sideways, so as to provide "resolutions" of later problems. In the language of rational analysis, the facts of the present case define the gounds on which any resolution must be based; the general considerations that carried wight in similar situations provide warrants that help settle future cases. So the resolution of any problem holds good presumptively; its strengh depends on the similarities between the present case and the prededents; and its soundness can be challenged (or rebutted) in situations that are recognized ans exceptional. Jonsen & Toulmin (1988), and Jonsen (1991) introduce New Casuistry as a practical method. The oxford English Dictionary defines casuistry quite accurately as "that part of ethics which resolves cases of conscience, applying the general rules of religion and morality to particular instances in which circumstances alter cases or in which there appears to be a conflict of duties." They modified the casuistry of the medieval ages to use in clinical situations which is characterized by "the typology of cases and the analogy as an inference method". A case is the unit of analysis. The structure of case was made with interaction of situation and moral rules. The situation is what surrounds or stands around. The moral rule is the essence of case. The analogy can be objective because "the grounds, the warrants, the theoretical backing, the modal qualifiers" are identified in the cases. The specified principlism was the method that Degrazia (1992) integrated the principlism and the specification introduced by Richardson (1990). In this method, the principle is specified by adding information about limitations of the scope and restricting the range of the principle. This should be substantive qualifications. The integrated method is an combination of the New Casuistry and the specified principlism. For example, the study was "Ethical problems experienced by nurses in the care of terminally ill patients"(Um, 1994). A semi-structured in-depth interview was conducted for fifteen nurses who mainly took care of terminally ill patients. The first stage, twenty one cases were identified as relevant to the topic, and then were classified to four types of problems. For instance, one of these types was the patient's refusal of care. The second stage, the ethical problems in the case were defined, and then the case was analyzed. This was to analyze the reasons, the ethical values, and the related ethical principles in the cases. Then the interpretation was synthetically done by integration of the result of analysis and the situation. The third stage was the ordering phase of the cases, which was done according to the result of the interpretation and the common principles in the cases. The first two stages describe the methodology of new casuistry, and the final stage was for the methodology of the specified principlism. The common principles were the principle of autonomy and the principle of caring. The principle of autonomy was specified; when competent patients refused care, nurse should discontinue the care to respect for the patients' decision. The principle of caring was also specified; when the competent patients refused care, nurses should continue to provide the care in spite of the patients' refusal to preserve their life. These specification may lead the opposite behavior, which emphasizes the importance of nurse's will and intentions to make their decision in the clinical situations.

• 간호행정학회지
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.237-251
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• 1999

The purpose of this study is to suggest successful strategies through which the effect of the information system of a hospital can be forecasted at the nursing department. In order to set up successful strategies, in the first place, both the methods of CSF(Critical Success Factor: Rockart, 1979) and ULD(User-Led Development) method and the method suggested by the Korea Productivity Center were applied. In order to measure the improvement of nursing productivity, the Dissonance theory was used. The data were collected from 100 employees serving at the clinic department of Kwangju Patriots' and Veterans' Hospital from July 4 to July 25, 1998 with reference to all 222 cases, for sampling work; then the part of the efficiency of the treatment or management of hospital business - simplification of the process of the treatment of hospital business and reduction of the time of the treatment of hospital business were measured; and in order to forecast organizational behavior, 100 cases of organization behavior were analysed, based on the well structured, questionnaires. In order to forecast the user's organizational behavior, a tool(Ronald. 1988; Stephen, 1982: Senn, 1992: Olsen, 1980: Anderson, 1988: Kim. 1992: Cho. 1994) to measure the extent or degree of the user's recognition or understanding whose reliability coefficient is 0.63 was used: and regarding the items expected by the users concerning the convenience of the system, a tool created by Bernadett, Szajna and Richard W. Scamell(1993) whose reliability coefficient is 0.88 was used. And finally, those data were analysed, utilizing the statistical package of SPSS/PC 6.0. successful strategies are suggested as follows: 1. In order that the Kwangju Patriots' and Veterans' Hospital's purpose can be successful through its strategic, information system, the quality of its services should be elevated. and for elevating the quality of medical services, elevation of the quality of medical expertism or specialty is an important factor in determining such quality. 2. In order to make the hospital information system to be successful, the hospital's top manager should participate in the effort making it successful with helping hands of the members or personnel of the hospital. 3. In order to make users participate in the hospital information system, it is prerequisite that all nurses in a hospital should voluntarily participate in the system 4. In order to reduce the expense, the time in coping with business per duty should be reduced by 10${\sim}$33.23%. The time of the direct nursing care which added value is relatively high should be elongated in order to elevate the quality of hospital services. 5. Since the introduction and spread of the hospital information system are influenced by the duration in the experience of computer use, the user of the hospital information system should have a plan to receive well-planned computer education. Finally it is suggested that the forecast of long-term productivity through a review of the user's expectation of the system should be inspected and tested through continuous studies of its effectiveness.

• 치위생과학회지
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• 제8권3호
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• pp.175-182
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• 2008

치위생 전공자와 일반 학생의 구강건강실태를 비교 분석하고 구강보건교육의 필요성을 알아보기 위해 서울과 광주 지역의 2개 대학을 대상으로 2006년 6월부터 2007년 5월까지 자기 기입식 설문지를 배부 조사하였다. 수집된 자료를 통한 비교 분석으로 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1. 구강건강 관리 실태를 조사한 결과, 칫솔질 횟수에서는 치위생 전공자들은 3회가 가장 많았고, 일반 학생들은 2회가 가장 많은 것으로 나타났으며(p < 0.01), 칫솔질 시간은 치위생 전공자들이 1-2분, 3분, 4분 이상 순으로 나타났고, 일반 학생들은 1-2분, 3분, 1분 미만 순으로 나타났다(p < 0.05). 2. 스켈링에 대한 인식에 대해 살펴본 결과, 스켈링 경험은 치위생 전공자들의 경우 "경험이 있다"가 50.9%로 가장 많았고, 일반 학생들은 "경험이 없다"가 56.8%로 가장 많았다(p < 0.001). 3. 구강보건 교육을 받은 경험에 대해 살펴본 결과, 치위생 전공자들은 경험이 있는 경우가 많았고, 일반 학생들은 경험이 없는 경우가 많았다(p < 0.001). 이상의 결과를 살펴볼 때, 전반적인 구강건강관리 실태는 구강보건교육의 경험이 많은 치위생 전공자가 일반 학생보다 양호한 것으로 나타났으며, 이를 통해 수업시간에 계속적으로 구강보건교육을 받고 실시요령을 익히는 사람들에게서 직접적인 구강건강관리가 달라지는 것을 알 수 있었다. 이에 일반학생들에게도 구강보건에 관한 교육의 기회를 확대시켜야 할 것으로 생각된다.

• 한국학교ㆍ지역보건교육학회지
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.67-82
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• 2019

Objectives: The purpose of this study is to analyze how the different lifestyles between Koreans and Korean Americans have significant effects on their health. Despite being the same race, Koreans and Korean Americans have different health conditions and health attitudes due to the acquired environmental factors such as social-economic factors, lifestyle risk factors, healthcare systems, and medical utilization. It is crucial to examine how the different lifestyle habits between Koreans and Korean Americans lead to various health conditions for establishing an effective health promotion policy. Methods: In this study, a comparative analysis was conducted using the National Health and Nutrition Survey of Korea and CHIS data of the United States in 2005 and 2015 to provide valuable insights when establishing such a policy. Results: The specific research purpose is as follows: First, socioeconomic factors, such as (1)living habits risk factors, (2)health satisfaction levels, (3)disease outbreaks, and (4)medical uses, are analyzed to find the distinct characteristics among Koreans, Korean Americans, and Americans. Second, the three groups --Koreans, Korean Americans, and Americans-- were compared based on their exposure to disease-related lifestyle risk factors related to their body mass index and their general health condition. The research results are as follows: First, all three groups improved health conditions in 2015 better than in 2005. Koreans maintained relatively higher general health conditions compared to other groups: their prevalence rate of chronic diseases such as diabetes, high blood pressure, heart disease, and asthma was lower than that of U.S. residents. Second, in regards to health behavior factors, the lifetime smoking experience for Koreans and Americans both decreased in 2015 compared to 2005, while the lifetime smoking experience for Korean Americans increased slightly. The number of smokers for Koreans has greatly decreased over a decade while that of Americans has moderately increased. Third, according to the results of the multiple regression, the general health conditions, which is a dependent variable, suggests that the number of men who answered they are healthy is greater than that of women in Korea, compared to the United States. Conclusions: In conclusion, the acquired environmental factors had more significant impacts on health than the racial factors did. Compared to 2005, the health behaviors and health levels of Korean Americans in 2015 gradually became more similar to those of Americans.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제42권4호
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• pp.358-365
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• 2009

본 연구는 성인여성들을 대상으로 성격특성을 알아보고 건강통제행동 및 비만스트레스에 미치는 영향에 대하여 알아보기 위해 인천지역 소재 여성 257명을 대상으로 설문조사를 실시하였는데 그 결과를 요약해 보면 다음과 같다. 첫째, 조사대상자의 BMI (체질량 지수)를 살펴보면 저체중 30명 (11.7%), 정상체중 170명 (66.1%), 과체중 33명 (12.8%), 비만 24명 (9.4%)으로 나타나 대체적으로 정상체중 범위가 많은 것으로 볼 수 있다. 이에 따라 건강 통제행동 및 비만스트레스에 차이가 있는지를 분석한 결과 식생활관련 통제행동, 비만스트레스에 대해 통계적으로 유의미한 차이가 나타났으며 (p <.05), 저체중이나 정상체중에 비해 과체중이나 비만의 경우 식생활관련 통제행동이 강한 것으로 볼 수 있으며, 이에 따른 비만스트레스도 높게 나타나는 경향을 보였다. 둘째, 성인여성의 성격유형 (친화성, 성실성, 외향성, 신경증, 개방성)이 건강통제행동에 미치는 영향을 검증한 결과 자신에게 주어진 일에 대해서 성실하게 철저하게 이행하며, 성취욕구가 강하고, 항상 어떤 일을 해내고자 하는 성실한 성향이 강하고 새로운 것에 개방적이고, 지적으로 민감한 특성을 지니는 개방적 성향이 강할수록 건강이나 식생활을 통한 통제행동이 적극적인 것으로 나타난 반면, 정서적으로 안정되어 있지 못하고, 자신의 충동을 잘 조절하지 못하며, 스트레스에 잘 대처하지 못하는 신경증 성향이 강할수록 건강이나 식생활을 통한 통제행동은 약해지는 경향을 나타내었다. 셋째, 성인여성의 성격유형 (친화성, 성실성, 외향성, 신경증, 개방성)이 비만스트레스에 미치는 영향을 검증한 결과 정서적으로 안정되어 있지 못하고, 자신의 충동을 잘 조절하지 못하며, 스트레스에 잘 대처하지 못함을 나타내는 신경증 성향이 강할수록 비만스트레스는 높아지는 것으로 볼 수 있으며, 타인을 신뢰하고 관심을 가지며, 솔직하고 순응적인 태도를 나타내는 친화적 성향이 강할수록 비만스트레스 또한 적은 것으로 나타났다. 전체적으로 건강통제행동은 성격유형 중 내적 성향이 강한 성인여성이 비만스트레스에 유의한 영향을 미치는 것을 알 수 있으며, 주관적 규범과 지각된 행동통제로 이어져 이는 정서적으로 안정되지 못 할수록 자신의 충동을 잘 조절하지 못해 스트레스 관리에 잘 대처하지 못하는 것으로 나타났다.

• 부모자녀건강학회지
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• 제3권2호
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• pp.49-66
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• 2000

Pregnancy is a task of creation in which a women mobilizes her self and the resources available to her in the generation of a new person. Through the pregnancy, a mother has formed the new human relationship with a fetus. Maternal-fetal relationship is considered one of mechanism making the relationship of mother and child. It is important to well-being of mother and fetus, too. The earliest interaction between a mother and her child is during prenatal period. Maternal-fetal dyad is unique and perceived interactions with the fetus make the pregnancy real for the mother. Maternal behavior is "instinctive" and is formed in early childhood by copy of the mother. But, Rubin argues that this behavior is an open intellectual system rather than a prepackaged bundle of traits. There is openness to new learning and a high value placed on knowing which occurs with silent organization in thought. Thus, nurses and other health professionals provide prenatal care that optimally is part of the environment in which the maternal-fetal dyad develops. Thus it is appropriate for nurses to increases their understanding of the dyad and to explore ways to enhance its development. This study focusses on the interaction ability and response of fetus, and the maternal-fetal interaction. The research of fetal responses that involve physiological changes and motor movement have been shown to coccur to both external sensory stimuli and to maternal emotional states. The fetus does also have sensory capacity to be aware of some maternal behaviors, and the motor ability to respond in a way the mother can notice. Thus, very rudimentary interactions appear to be possible. Maternal awareness of fetal activity was supported by several studies. More interesting to the present study are description of maternal-fetal interaction and the finding that there appear to be levels of sensitivity to the fetus involved in maternal-fetal interactions. First, recognition comes that the fetus is separate from the maternal self. Next, the fetus engages in. Lastly, the parent may describe active interaction with the fetus, believing that mother and fetus are communicating on a meaningful level. Several interventions, developed to promote more active interaction between mother and fetus, have been reviewed. In general, the parents were taught to stimulate the fetus and to notice the fetus' responses. This type of intervention might increase the mother's sensitivity to her unborn baby, and she may have a head start toward learning how to res pond sensitivity to the newborn infant. Research In the area of maternal-fetal interaction is scarce. Sensitive behavior is construed as an appropriate and timely response to a signal of need from another person, but no such signal of need can be claimed regarding the fetus. The highest level of maternal-fetal interaction, therefore, might be based more on maternal representations of the imagined fetus than on factual evidence of fetal participation.