• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.37 no.3
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• pp.190-195
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• 2006

Obesity is associated with a number of pathological disorders such as non-insulin-dependent diabetes, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, and cardiovascular diseases. Bangpoongtongsungsankamibang (BTSK) has been widely used in the oriental medicine for the treatment of several diseases associated with inflammatory abnormalities in cardiovascular and nervous system. The BTSK is the modified prescription of Bangpoongtongsungsankamibang in which sea tangle (Laminaria japonica) were added. This study was carried out to detemine the anti-obestic effects of BTSK. Pretreatment with the BTSK at daily dose of 100 or 200 mg/kg (p.o.) far 4 weeks reduced serum triglyceride, total cholesterol contents in rat induced by Poloxamer-407 or Triton WR-1339, respectively. Furthermore, post-treatment with BTSK far four weeks also inhibited body weight gain, adipose tissue mass and hyperlipidemia induced by the high fat diet for six weeks. The BTSK shifted serum total-, HDL- and LDL-cholesterol levels toward the values of normal group, suggesting that BTSK has hypolipldemlc effects. The rats fed BTSK reduced lipid peroxide and hydroxy radical in the rat blood and increased superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity compared to the control group. Taken together, these results superoxide that BTSK improve hyperlidemia and obesity via the upregulation of anti-oxidative mechanism.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.34 no.7
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• pp.552-555
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• 2001

Noonan syndrome is characterized by a Turner-like phenotype and a normal karyotype associated with congenital abnormalities, such as short stature, variable mental retardation, hypertelorism, webbed neck, low posterior hair line, skeletal malformation and congenital cardiovascular defect. Two third of Noonan syndrome have cardiac anormalies, half with pulmonary stenosis. We have experienced two cases of pulmonary stenosis associated with other cardiac anomalies in Noonan syndrome. The first 31-year-old male patient had characteristic appearance of Noonan syndrome with severe infundibular pulmonic stenosis and patent foramen ovate. The second 28-year-old male patient had valvular and subvalvular Pulmonary stenosis with typical Noonan\`s face and stature. Pulmonary valvotomy and hypertrophied muscle bundles in the right ventricular cavity were resected in both cases. Patent foramen ovate was closed directly in the first case. Postoperative follow-up examinations revealed no symptoms and successful outcome.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.388-392
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• 1998

Hyperhidrosis is one of abnormalities in autonomic nervous system, it has been treated with dermatologic principles or thoracic sympathectomy via thoracotomy. But these techniques were rather ineffective or invasive. Recently, Video Assisted Thoracoscopic Surgery(VATS) is widely applided in thoracic surgical area, and palmar & axillary hyperhidrosis is not the exception. From August 1995 to February 1997, 52 patients with bilateral palmar hyperhidrosis underwent bilateral thoracic sympathectomy with VATS in the department of thoracic & cardiovascular surgery, Inje university, Pusan Paik Hospital. There were 27 men and 25 women and the mean age was 22 years. Mean operating time was 172 min and unilateral sympathectomy via minithoracotomy was applied in one patient due to severe pleural adhesion. Mean postoperative hospital stay was 2.6 days. During mean 12.5 months follow-up, there was no recurrence of sweating in the both hands. Thirty patients(57.7%) complained moderate degree of compensatory sweating, but the discomfort was decreased in severity. 83.8% of all patients were satisfied with the result of operation.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.275-284
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• 2024

Worldwide, cardiovascular disease is the main cause of death, which accordingly increased by hyperlipidemia. Hyperlipidemia therapy can include lifestyle changes and medications to control cholesterol levels. Statins are the medications of the first choice for dealing with lipid abnormalities. Rosuvastatin founds to control high lipid levels by hindering liver production of cholesterol and to achieve the targeted levels of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, another lipid lowering agents named ezetimibe may be used as an added therapy. Both rosuvastatin and ezetimibe have low bioavailability which will stand as barrier to decrease cholesterol levels, because of such depictions, formulations of this combined therapy in nanotechnology will be of a great assistance. Our study demonstrated preparations of nanoparticles of this combined therapy, showing their physical characterizations, and examined their behavior in laboratory conditions and vivo habitation. The mean particle size was uniform, polydispersity index and zeta potential of formulations were found to be in the ranges of (0.181-0.72) and (-13.4 to -6.24), respectively. Acceptable limits of entrapment efficiency were affirmed with appearance of spherical and uniform nanoparticles. In vitro testing showed a sustained release of drug exceeded 90% over 24 h. In vivo study revealed an enhanced dissolution and bioavailability from loaded nanoparticles, which was evidenced by calculated pharmacokinetic parameters using triton for hyperlipidemia induction. Stability studies were performed and assured that the formulations are kept the same up to one month. Therefore, nano formulations is a suitable transporter for combined therapy of rosuvastatin and ezetimibe with improvement in their dissolution and bioavailability.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.42 no.1
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• pp.79-86
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• 2009

Background: Background: Computed tomography (CT) is the main tool for detecting abnormalities of the thoracic aorta, but conventional CT only shows the cross-sectional images. These CT images have some limitations fo accuratly measuring the thoracic aortic diameters at various levels. Multidetector computed tomography (MDCT) overcomes these limitations. We measured the thoracic aortic diameter perpendicular to the loop-shaped thoracic aortic course and this was studied in relation to age, gender, height, weight, the body surface area, the body mass index and the presence of hypertension. Material and Method: Thirty hundred thirty one patients (males: 141 patients and females: 190 patients) who had no abnormalities of the thoracic aorta were investigated using MDCT aortography. They were divided into three age categories: 20~39 years old, 40~59 years old and over age 60. The image was reformed with multiplanar reconstruction and the diameter of the aorta was measured perpendicular to the aortic course at 5 anatomic segments. Level A was the mid-ascending aorta, level B was the distal ascending aorta, level C was the aortic arch, level D was the aortic isthmus and level E was the mid-descending aorta. Result: The mean age was 49.5 years old for males and 54.9 years old for females (p<0.05). The mean diameter of the thoracic aorta at level A was 31.1 mm, that at level B was 30.2 mm, that at level C was 26.5 mm, that at level D was 24.0 mm and that at level E was 22.6 mm. The diameters at all the levels were gradually increased with age. Hypertensive patients had larger diameters than did the non-hypertensive population. There was a positive correlation between the ascending aortic diameter (levels A&B) and height and the body surface area, but there were no statistical differences at the aortic arch (level C) and the descending aorta (levels D&E). There were no statistical differences of the weight and body mass index at all levels. Conclusion: The diameters of the thoracic aortas were directly correlated with gender, age and hypertension. Height and the body surface area were only correlated with the ascending aorta. Weight and the body mass index have no statistical difference at all levels. We measured the age related thoracic aortic diameters and the upper normal limits and we provide this data as reference values for the thoracic aortic diameter in the Korean population.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.41 no.4
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• pp.439-446
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• 2008

Background: The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship of the left ventricular (LV) systolic function, the LV dimension and the LV mass with the QT dispersion in patients with stable angina, and we also wanted to compare this relationship between patients with and without significant coronary stenosis on coronary angiography. Material and Method: 174 patients complained of typical angina and they had no associated ST segment or cardiac enzyme abnormalities. The patients were divided into 2 groups based on the results of coronary angiography: the patients with angiographic coronary stenosis ${\geq}50%$ made up group I (n=101), and the patients with angiographic coronary stenosis <50% made up group II (n=73). An echocardiogram for assessing the LV ejection fraction (EF), the LV dimension and the LV mass and a 12.lead electrocardiogram for assessing the QT dispersion were performed before the coronary angiography. Result: The QT dispersion was significantly greater in group I than that in group II (39.8 ms vs. 33.3 ms; p<0.05). For all the patients, all the parameters of LV dimension and LV mass had statistically positive correlation to the QT dispersion, but the LV mass was the only independently significant parameter that was correlated with the increased QT dispersion (p<0.05). For group I, none of the echocardiographic parameters had significant correlation with the QT dispersion. However, the LV dimension and LV mass had significantly positive correlation with the QT dispersion, and the LV mass was also the only independently significant parameter that was correlated with increased QT dispersion in group II (p<0.05). Conclusion: Our study demonstrated a significantly positive correlation of the QT dispersion to the LV dimension and the LV mass in patients with stable angina. These findings are present only in patients without significant coronary stenosis.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.51 no.6
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• pp.558-564
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• 2019

Hypertriglyceridemia is one of the metabolic syndrome that is often observed as a result of lipid abnormalities. It is associated with other lipids, metabolic disorders, cardiovascular disease and liver disease. Korean red ginseng is known to affect obesity, dyslipidemia, liver disease and liver function, but the mechanism of its effect is not clear. This study examined the beneficial effects of hypertriglyceridemia and the mechanism of action of Jinan red ginseng extract (JRG) in hepatoma cells. To measure the levels of triglyceride accumulation, we studied the expression of proteins and mRNAs related to lipidogenesis in hepatoma cells (Huh7 and HepG2). JRG decreases the lipidogenic markers, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ), CCAAT-enhancer-binding proteins α (C/EBPα) and C/EBPβ which are major regulators of triglyceride synthesis in hepatoma cells. We also found that JRG reduced sterol regulatory element binding proteins 1c (SREBP-1c), C/EBPα and C/EBPβ by regulating liver X receptor (LXR) and stearoyl CoA desaturase (SCD) expressions. In addition, the first-limited step of synthesis triglyceride (TG), glycerol-3-phosphate (G3P) is decreased by JRG. These results suggest that the anti-hypertriglyceride effect of JRG in hepatoma cells could be accompanied with the inhibition of lipidogenic transcription factors by regulating LXR and SCD expression.

• Biomedical Science Letters
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.65-72
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• 2006

Thiazolidinediones (TZDs) are widely used antidiabetic drugs that activate the nuclear peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor ${\gamma}(PPAR{\gamma})$, and thereby improve the metabolic abnormalities linking hypertriglyceridemia to diabetes, hyperglycemia, insulin resistance, and cardiovascular disease. To determine whether the $PPAR{\gamma}$ ligand troglitazone regulates lipid metabolism with sexual dimorphism, we examined the effects of troglitazone on circulating lipids, body weight and the expression of hepatic genes responsible for lipid metabolism in both sexes of C57BL/6J mice. Compared to mice fed a low fat control diet, both sexes of mice fed a troglitazone-treated low fat diet for 14 weeks did not exhibit changes in body weight gain, serum total cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol levels. However, serum triglycerides were significantly reduced in both sexes of mice, although these effects were more pronounced among males. Furthermore, troglitazone regulated the expression of hepatic genes critical for lipid and lipoprotein metabolism, the magnitudes of which were much higher in males compared to females, as evidenced by results for increased acyl-CoA oxidase and decreased apolipoprotein C-III mRMA levels. These results suggest that $PPAR{\gamma}$ activator troglitazone may exert sexually dimorphic control of serum triglycerides in part through the differential activation of $PPAR{\gamma}$ in liver between male and female mice.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.32 no.5
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• pp.489-493
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• 1999

The pectus carinatum or anterior protrusion of the sternum is a less common than pectus excavatum. It occurs more frequently in boys than girls and associated musculoskeletal abnormalities, spinal scoliosis is most common. Ravitch first reported correction of chondromanubrial prominence in 1952, resecting the multiple deformed costal cartilages and performing a double osteotomy on sternum. We have experienced one case of pectus carinatum and obtained satisfactory postoperative results. The deformity was corrected by the subchondral resection of multiple deformed costal cartilage, bilaterally, with single osteotomy on sternum and fracture of the posterior cortex to correct anterior angulation. Postoperative course was uneventful. We report this case with brief review of the literature.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.31 no.11
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• pp.1085-1088
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• 1998

Background: In trauma patients, bony thorax are exposured to the trauma in many cases. With simple x-ray, we can not detect all definitive bony abnormalities, especially in less severe cases. Bone scan is very sensitive diagnostic method in such cases. Materials and methods: We experienced 680 cases and results were as follows. Results: 1. Diagnostic sensitivity was 97.4% and false negative rate was 2.6%. 2. In sensitivity study, the time factor(when we perform bone scan) was the most important thing according to trauma pattern. In rib fracture, sensitive test time was after 1 week. In sternal fracture, sensitive test time was after 1 week, too. In costochondral junction fracture and combined cases, it was after 3 days. Conclusions: We recommend timely using of bone scan as definitive diagnostic method in bony thorax trauma patients.