• Journal of applied mathematics & informatics
• /
• 제23권1_2호
• /
• pp.563-570
• /
• 2007

There has been a considerable research interest in medical communities for neuronal fiber tracking with magnetic resonance diffusion tensor imaging(DTI). DTI data have abundant structural boundaries that need to be preserved during interpolation to facilitate fiber tracking. Sigmoid function has been used in recent papers but the sigmoid function still is not good enough to be served as an positive interpolation in mathematical point of view. In this paper, we construct and provide two families positive cardinal interpolation functions.

• 정보처리학회논문지:소프트웨어 및 데이터공학
• /
• 제3권7호
• /
• pp.277-284
• /
• 2014

본 논문에서는 카메라 파라미터가 필요 없는 역 투시변환 영상에 차선 변화벡터와 카디널 스플라인을 이용하여 변화에 강인한 곡선 차선 검출 방법을 제안한다. 이 방법은 역 투시변환과 차선 필터의 전처리 과정이 적용된 영상의 시작 S 프레임과 그 다음 S+1 프레임에서 차선 후보 영역을 설정하여 차선 영역을 검출하고, 검출된 차선영역을 이용하여 차선 변화벡터를 계산한 결과를 가지고 이후의 프레임에서 차선이 위치할 지점을 예측한다. 이후에 예측된 차선 위치에서부터 스캔 영역을 설정하고 이 영역 내에서 새로운 차선 위치를 검출하며, 검출된 차선 위치를 이용해 차선 변화벡터를 갱신하고, 차선 영역 내의 제어 점들에 카디널 스플라인을 적용하여 차선을 검출한다. 제안하는 방법은 차선의 형태 변화에 강인한 곡선 차선 검출방법이지만 직선 차선에도 잘 적응됨을 보였으며 한 프레임을 처리하는 데 약 20ms 정도의 양호한 차선검출 속도를 보였다.

• 해양환경안전학회지
• /
• 제23권3호
• /
• pp.250-257
• /
• 2017

This paper investigates minimum safe distances relative to a ship's four cardinal sides, as perceived by Filipino navigators when encountering dangerous elements and in adverse weather conditions when maneuvering in and around harbors. It uses a descriptive research method in the form of a questionnaire survey for experienced Filipino navigators of various ranks. During the course of research, 71 responses were colleted and the resulting data is presented in graphical and tabulated forms. Statistical methods including Pearson-product moment correlations, Cronbach's Alpha and ANOVA were used to identify internal associations, consistencies and significances, respectively. It has been proven that there are no significant differences in minimum safe distances relative to a ship's four cardinal sides, whether maneuvering while approaching a port or within an inner harbor. This study has been deemed significant for training future navigators, managing traffic in fairways, and designing harbors and maneuvering areas in the approaches to ports, among other applications. This work can also be used as a preliminary study for comparison with the well known safe domains presently in use.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
• /
• 제33권3호
• /
• pp.187-193
• /
• 2010

Seed germination is a biological process that is affected by a variety of genetic and environmental factors. The cardinal temperature and thermal time are required for germination. The principal objective of this study was to identify and characterize variations in the base, optimum, and maximum germination temperatures of Haloxylon aphyllum L. from two seed sources, in order to establish models for use in predicting seeding dates. Mature H. aphyllum seeds were germinated at temperatures between 5 and $35^{\circ}C$. The germination behavior of H. aphyllum seeds to different temperature regimens in light was evaluated over a temperature range of $5-35^{\circ}C$ at intervals of $5^{\circ}C$. The rate of germination increased between base and optimum thermal conditions, and decreased between optimum and maximum thermal conditions; the germination rate varied in a linear fashion at both sub-optimal and supra-optimal temperatures. The linear regression fit the range of germination rates at $5^{\circ}C$ to $25^{\circ}C$ and $25^{\circ}C$ to $30^{\circ}C$, and thus the base temperature, optimum temperature, and maximum temperature for the germination of H. aphyllum were measured to be $0.6^{\circ}C$, $25.69^{\circ}C$, $37.90^{\circ}C$, and $1.76^{\circ}C$, $21.56^{\circ}C$, $37.90^{\circ}C$ for Qom and the Fars dune desert respectively.

• 한국에너지공학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국에너지공학회 1999년도 추계 학술발표회 논문집
• /
• pp.119-124
• /
• 1999

A selection methodology of liquid levelmeters, especially, level sensors in non-nuclear category, to be installed in nuclear energy facilities is developed using linguistic fuzzy approaches such as fully-linguistic and semi-linguistic methods. Depending on defuzzification techniques, the linguistic fuzzy methodology leads to either linguistic (exactly, fully-linguistic) or cardinal (i.e., semi-linguistic) evaluation. For the linguistic method, for each alternative, fuzzy preference index is converted to linguistic utility value by means of a similarity measure determining the degree of similarity between fuzzy index and linguistic ratings. For the cardinal method, the index is translated to cardinal overall utility value. According to these values, alternatives of interest are linguistically or numerically evaluated and a suitable alternative can be selected. Under given selection criteria, the suitable selections out of some liquid levelmeters for nuclear facilities are dealt with using the linguistic fuzzy methodology proposed. Then, linguistic fuzzy evaluation results are compared with qualitative result available in the literature. It is found that as to a suitable option the linguistic fuzzy selection is in agreement with the qualitative selection. Additionally, the comparative study shows that the fully-linguistic method using adequate scale system facilitates linguistic interpretation regarding evaluation results.

• ALGAE
• /
• 제36권4호
• /
• pp.285-298
• /
• 2021

The amount of CO₂ absorbed by the oceans continues to rise, resulting in further acidification, altering some functional traits of phytoplankton. To understand the effect of elevated partial pressures of CO₂ (pCO₂) on functional traits of dinoflagellates Alexandrium affine and A. pacificum, the cardinal temperatures and chain formation extent were examined under two pCO₂ (400 and 1,000 µatm) over the range of temperature expected to be associated with growth. The growth rate and chain formation extent of A. affine increased with higher pCO₂, showing significant changes in cardinal temperatures and a substantial increase in middle chain-length (4-8 cells) fractionation under elevated pCO₂ condition. By contrast, there were no significant differences in specific growth rate and any chain-length fractionation of A. pacificum between ambient and elevated pCO₂ conditions. The observed interspecies variation in the functional traits may reflect differences in ability of species to respond to environmental change with plasticity. Moreover, it allows us to understand the shifting biogeography of marine phytoplankton and predict their phenology in the Korea Strait.

• 한국산림과학회지
• /
• 제97권6호
• /
• pp.576-581
• /
• 2008

산지별 물푸레나무 종자의 산지이동시 생태적 조건에 대한 적응력을 예측하고 직파조림 및 포지양묘 시 최대의 발아효과를 얻고자 $5{\sim}35^{\circ}C$의 범위에서 온도에 대한 발아반응을 조사한 결과, 발아율, 발아속도에서 채취산지간 차이가 관찰되었다. 인제에서 채취한 종자가 저온($5{\sim}15^{\circ}C$)에서 발아율이 우세하였으며, 고온($30{\sim}35^{\circ}C$)에서는 강릉의 종자가 우세하였다. 또한 발아율 값에 의한 2차 회귀식 모델에서 도출된 기준온도, 최대온도 및 적정온도는 4개 산지간 다양하게 나타났는데, 인제가 가장 낮았고 강릉이 가장 높게 나타났다. 발아속도에 근거한 주요 온도 추정 모델 역시 산지간에 다양하게 나타났다. 기준온도의 경우 횡성이 가장 낮았으며 강릉이 가장 높았다. 최대온도 및 적정온도는 인제에서 가장 낮게 나타났으며, 역시 강릉에서 가장 높게 나타나 발아에 영향을 미치는 주요 온도들의 경우 저온산지보다 비교적 고온인 산지에서 더 높게 나타남을 알 수 있었다. 유묘생산을 위한 파종시 주요 온도를 고려할 때 2차 회귀모델과 선형모델 중 어느 것을 선택할 지는 유묘생산시의 목표에 달려있다. 즉 유묘생산량에 초점을 두었다면 2차 회귀모델을, 출현속도나 균일성에 초점을 두었다면 선형모델을 선택함이 바람직할 것이다.

• 대한수학회논문집
• /
• 제8권4호
• /
• pp.723-728
• /
• 1993

• 대한수학회지
• /
• 제53권2호
• /
• pp.315-329
• /
• 2016

In the setting of continuous logic, we study atomless probability spaces and atomless random variable structures. We characterize ${\kappa}$-saturated atomless probability spaces and ${\kappa}$-saturated atomless random variable structures for every infinite cardinal ${\kappa}$. Moreover, ${\kappa}$-saturated and strongly ${\kappa}$-homogeneous atomless probability spaces and ${\kappa}$-saturated and strongly ${\kappa}$-homogeneous atomless random variable structures are characterized for every infinite cardinal ${\kappa}$. For atomless probability spaces, we prove that ${\aleph}_1$-saturation is equivalent to Hoover-Keisler saturation. For atomless random variable structures whose underlying probability spaces are Hoover-Keisler saturated, we prove several equivalent conditions.

• BMB Reports
• /
• 제46권7호
• /
• pp.335-337
• /
• 2013

Scientists planning research that involves the use of animals are required by international and/or national law to examine the possibilities for the implementation of Replacement, Reduction and/or Refinement (the Three Rs principles of Russell and Burch) in experiments for research, testing, and education. There are two Korean laws legislating humane use of animals and ethical review prior to animal experiments. This report reviews current practice of the literature search by the researchers and protocol review by the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committees on the Replacement, Reduction and Refinement alternatives in Korea. The promotion and protection of the laboratory animals are one of the core competencies of investigators exploring the ethical conduct of research and good science.