• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
• /
• v.21 no.2
• /
• pp.219-228
• /
• 2004

Heart diseases related to conduction system can be occurred by primary defects in conduction system and by secondary to morphological heart diseases or drug toxicities. Multiple molecular defects responsible for arrhythmogenesis, including mutations in ion channels, cytoplasmic ion-channel-interacting proteins, gap-junction proteins, transcription factors and a kinase subunit, were found to be associated with the aetiology of primary cardiac conduction defects, especially inherited form. Despite a big progress in unveiling human arrhythmogenesis, conduction defects in dog has not been well studied except sudden death syndrome in German shepherd. In this review, molecular genetics in cardiac arrhythmogenesis, inherited human diseases associated with conduction defects and similar diseases in dogs will be discussed.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
• /
• v.22 no.5
• /
• pp.760-765
• /
• 1989

Cardiac injury remains one of the most spectacular injuries which the present day cardiac surgeon is called upon to treat. Eight consecutive patients with penetrating or blunt injury to the heart underwent operation at the Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Masan Koryo General Hospital from April 22 88 to April 6 89. l. Among the 8 cases of cardiac injured patients, 7 cases were penetrating injury [stab injury] and one case was blunt injury [traffic accident]. 2. The site of cardiac injury was LV mainly and the next RV, SVC-RA junction in order. 3. The all patients were admitted to our hospital via ER and most of cases, CVP was elevated above 15 cmH2O and 7 of 8 cases were shock state. 4. In 6 of 8 cases revealed cardiomegaly in simple chest X * ray. 5. 7 cases were operated through the median sternotomy, 1 case the right anterolateral thoracotomy. 6. Associated injuries in penetrating cardiac injury were hemothorax, pneumothorax, sternal fracture, lung laceration, LAD transaction in blunt injury, hemoperitoneum.

• Applied Microscopy
• /
• v.50
• /
• pp.20.1-20.9
• /
• 2020

Arthropods have an open circulatory system with a simple tubular heart, so it has been estimated that the contractile pumping structure of the cardiac muscle will be less efficient than that of vertebrates. Nevertheless, certain arthropods are known to have far superior properties and characteristics than vertebrates, so we investigated the fine structural features of intercalated discs and cardiac junctions of cardiac muscle cells in the black widow spider Latrodectus mactans. Characteristically, the spider cardiac muscle has typical striated features and represents a functional syncytium that supports multiple connections to adjacent cells by intercalated discs. Histologically, the boundary lamina of each sarcolemma connects to the basement membrane to form an elastic sheath, and the extracellular matrix allows the cells to be anchored to other tissues. Since the intercalated disc is also part of sarcolemma, it contains gap junctions for depolarization and desmosomes that keep the fibers together during cardiac muscle contraction. Furthermore, fascia adherens and macula adherens (desmosomes) were also identified as cell junctions in both sarcolemma and intercalated discs. To enable the coordinated heartbeat of the cardiac muscle, the muscle fibers have neuronal innervations by multiple axons from the motor ganglion.

• Applied Microscopy
• /
• v.50
• /
• pp.9.1-9.8
• /
• 2020

The fine structural characteristics of cardiac muscle cells and its myofibril organization in the orb web spider N. clavata were examined by transmission electron microscopy. Although myofibril striations are not remarkable as those of skeletal muscles, muscle fibers contain multiple myofibrils, abundant mitochondria, extensive sarcoplasmic reticulum and transverse tubules (T-tubules). Myofibrils are divided into distinct sarcomeres defined by Z-lines with average length of 2.0 ㎛, but the distinction between the A-band and the I-bands is not clear due to uniform striations over the length of the sarcomeres. Dyadic junction which consisted of a single T-tubule paired with a terminal cisterna of the sarcoplasmic reticulum is found mainly at the A-I level of sarcomere. Each cell is arranged to form multiple connections with neighboring cells through the intercalated discs. These specialized junctions include three types of intercellular junctions: gap junctions, fascia adherens and desmosomes for heart function. Our transmission electron microscopy (TEM) observations clearly show that spider's cardiac muscle contraction is controlled by neurogenic rather than myogenic mechanism since each cardiac muscle fiber is innervated by a branch of motor neuron through neuromuscular junctions.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
• /
• v.28 no.12
• /
• pp.1144-1149
• /
• 1995

Adenocarcinoma involving esophago-gastric junction[EGJ is usually originated from the gastric cardia and it presents unique clinical manifestations, requires special surgical care, and bears a much poor prognosis. We analyse the clinical data of 109 adenocarcinoma involving EGJ operated between August, 1987 and March, 1994. Curative resection of primary tumor including esophagus and lymph node dissection was possible on 102 cases[93.5% . Among these cases, 89 cases were advanced state over the stage III. The operative mortality was 1.8% and postoperative morbidity was 16.5%. The overall 3 year and 5 year survival rate was 48.5%, 34.1% each, and median survival was 27.5 month in the curative resected cases. The treatment failure was mainly distant metastsis including lymph node, except one local recurrence.Among many factors influencing long term results of resected adenocarcinoma involving EGJ, the only effort a surgeon can make is to attain completeness of tumor removal by dissecting all involved lymph node and ensuring adequate tumor free margins of both esophageal and cardiac side.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
• /
• v.25 no.12
• /
• pp.1455-1460
• /
• 1992

Anomalous drainage of the right superior vena cava into the left atrium is a very rare congenital cardiac anomaly. Recently a patient with this venous anomaly was surgically corrected and forms the basis of this report. Patient findings were as follows: The patient has no other symptom but cyanosis which prompted cardiac evaluation Chest PA and electrocariogram were usual. Cross-sectional echocardiogram showed normally connected heart without intracardiac defect, Inferior vena cava drained normally into right atrium and coronary sinus was not dilated. Contrast, given into the right atrium, appeared in the left atrium This rare venous anomaly was confirmed by surgery. Surgical correction consisted of division of superior vena cava above the junction of left atrium and reanastomosis into right atrial appendage. Postoperative digital subtracion angiography confirmed the successful repair. She has doing well for 6months since operation. Systemic venous anomalies without intracardiac defect are very rare. However this anomalies should be considered in the differential diagnosis of cyanosis. The successfully corrected case is reported and literature is reviewed.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
• /
• v.41 no.5
• /
• pp.633-635
• /
• 2008

Cardiac rupture after blunt chest trauma is a relatively uncommon diagnosis, and it is associated with a very high mortality rate. A 41-years-old man crashed his car into a guardrail and he was then transported to hospital. Although unstable vital signs are the most common symptoms of cardiac injury, this patient had stable vital signs. The chest CT scan showed pericardial effusion, and echocardiography did not clearly reveal cardiac tamponade, but the right atrium was slightly collapsed. Cardiac injury was suspected, and surgery was commenced for obtaining the diagnosis and treatment. A 2cm laceration at the junction of the left atrium and the lefl inferior pulmonary vein was discovered and this was repaired with $4{\sim}0$ Polypropylne monofilament sutures. We report here on the successful management of a patient with left atrial rupture following blunt chest trauma.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
• /
• v.23 no.3
• /
• pp.203-217
• /
• 2019

The present study was designed to examine the effect of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) induction by cobalt protoporphyrin (CoPP) on the cardiac functions and morphology, electrocardiogram (ECG) changes, myocardial antioxidants (superoxide dismutase [SOD] and glutathione [GSH]), and expression of heat shock protein (Hsp) 70 and connexin 43 (Cx-43) in myocardial muscles in isoproterenol (ISO) induced myocardial infarction (MI). Thirty two adult male Sprague Dawely rats were divided into 4 groups (each 8 rats): normal control (NC) group, ISO group: received ISO at dose of 150 mg/kg body weight intraperitoneally (i.p.) for 2 successive days; ISO + Trizma group: received (ISO) and Trizma (solvent of CoPP) at dose of 5 mg/kg i.p. injection 2 days before injection of ISO, with ISO at day 0 and at day 2 after ISO injections; and ISO + CoPP group: received ISO and CoPP at a dose of 5 mg/kg dissolved in Trizma i.p. injection as Trizma. We found that, administration of ISO caused significant increase in heart rate, corrected QT interval, ST segment, cardiac enzymes (lactate dehydrogenase, creatine kinase-muscle/brain), cardiac HO-1, Hsp70 with significant attenuation in myocardial GSH, SOD, and Cx-43. On the other hand, administration of CoPP caused significant improvement in ECG parameters, cardiac enzymes, cardiac morphology; antioxidants induced by ISO with significant increase in HO-1, Cx-43, and Hsp70 expression in myocardium. In conclusions, we concluded that induction of HO-1 by CoPP ameliorates ISO-induced myocardial injury, which might be due to up-regulation of Hsp70 and gap junction protein (Cx-43).

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
• /
• v.33 no.2
• /
• pp.146-149
• /
• 2016

Heterotopic bone formation in the gastrointestinal tract is a rare phenomenon. Most reported cases were associated with benign and malignant neoplasms, except for a case in which heterotopic bone formation was found in a patient with Barrett's esophagus. The exact pathogenesis of the disease has not yet been established. However, most heterotopic bones found in the gastrointestinal tract were associated with mucinproducing tumors of the appendix, colon, and rectum. Inflammation may also play a role in osseous metaplasia in a case with bone formation at the base of an ulcer in Barrett's esophagus. Here, we report on a patient with heterotopic bone formation in normal gastric cardiac mucosa. A 50-year-old female visited our hospital for a routine health examination. She had no gastrointestinal symptoms, and her physical examination, blood test, X-ray, urine, and stool examination results were normal. A 0.3 cm sized polypoid lesion located just below the squamocolumnar junction was observed on upper gastrointestinal endoscopy. A piece of biopsy was taken. Histologically, a lamella bone trabecula and chronic inflammatory cells were observed in the gastric cardiac mucosa. The follow-up endoscopy performed one month later showed no residual lesion.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
• /
• v.29 no.2
• /
• pp.136-146
• /
• 1996

Studies on normal human embryos and on malformed human hearts have been two main sources of the information on the developmental cardiology, Recent advances in the biological technology has opened a new era and descriptive embryology is being shifted into dynamic developmental biology. In this review, we discuss the current understanding on the cardiac embryology relevant to clinical practices of pediatric cardiology. Classical cardiac embryology starts with understanding on five segments of a straight heart tube : the sinus venosus, the primitive atria, the embryonic left ventricle, the embryonic right ventricle and the truncus arteriosus. Key steps in the normal morphogenetic process are the complex spiral septation of ventriculoarterial junction and two jumping connections : between the embryonic right atrium and embryonic right ventricle, and between the embryonic left ventricle and the aorta. Only after these two steps are successfully completed, the third fetal stage tak s place, when myocardial growth and remodeling take place There are two outstanding progresses on the cardiac embryology during recent five-year period. One is immunohistochemical mapping of the conduction system in the developing heart and the other is the understanding on the neural crest cell migration followed by molecular detection of the microdeletion of chromosome 22. A balanced progress of classical morphological studies, modern biological technics and advanced clinical medicine is an urgent task for doctors and scientists dealing with children with sick hearts.