• 한국환경보건학회지
• /
• 제40권1호
• /
• pp.47-54
• /
• 2014

Objectives: The purpose of this study is to evaluate the characteristics of leachate discharged from livestock burial sites in Gangwondo resulting from foot-and-mouth disease by monitoring the water quality at the survey tube-wells installed near livestock burial sites in order to investigate the effect of the leachate on the quality of nearby underground water and suggest a water pollution level in accordance with water quality evaluation criteria. Methods: To minimize the secondary environmental pollution damage caused by leachate at burial sites of livestock killed by foot-and-mouth disease, this study analyzed the leachate directly discharged from burial sites and installed survey tube-wells within 300 meters of livestock burial sites and investigated water quality as a means to ascertain the environmental effect of the leachate from the burial sites. In accordance with environmental management guidelines on livestock burial sites, this research investigated the water quality in the survey tube-wells in fifty five burial sites in Gangwondo. The elements investigated were $NH_3$-N, $Cl^-$, $NO_3$-N, conductivity, and E. coli. Water quality was monitored from 2011 to 2013. Results: The water quality from the drain pipe at the location of leachate from livestock burial sites showed BOD 37,209 mg/L, COD 8,829 mg/L, $NH_3$-N 3,633 mg/L, and $Cl^-$ 580 mg/L. According to the monitoring results of water quality ($Cl^-$, $NH_3$-N, conductivity) at the survey tube-wells, there was suspicion that 13 out of 55 burial sites discharged leachate, five sites discharged highly concentrated leachate (13%): one in Gangneung, one in Wonju, and three in Cheorwon. Conclusion: It was judged that out of thirteen observation wells which showed a possibility of discharged leachate, three survey tube-wells have established the discharge effect of leachate at burial sites up to recently. Therefore, it is judged that it is necessary to continue monitoring them and devise additional measures.

• 유기물자원화
• /
• 제24권4호
• /
• pp.49-57
• /
• 2016

본 연구에서는 열가수분해 기술을 이용하여 AI 발생으로 인해 살처분된 가금류 사체를 처리하고 연료화 가능성을 판단하고자 하였다. 실험결과 가금류 사체는 일부 모래를 제외하고 모두 액상화 되었으며, 운전온도 $190^{\circ}C$, 운전시간 60분에서 최적효율을 나타냈다. 열가수분해 후 발생한 액상생성물은 탄소 함유량과 발열량이 높고 회분의 함량이 낮아 연료화 하기에 좋은 조건을 가지고 있는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 별도의 보조연료 투입 없이 연소 시 발생하는 폐열만을 활용해 열가수분해 설비를 운전하는 것이 가능하였으며, 연소 시 발생하는 배출가스는 대기에 미치는 영향은 적은 것으로 나타났다.

• 대한수의학회지
• /
• 제49권2호
• /
• pp.141-147
• /
• 2009

In Korea, burial is the most common method of disposing animal carcasses culled due to brucellosis infection. However, burial has many disadvantages such as shortage of appropriate burial sites, possibile pollution of ground water supply, and negative view of the public. In this study, we have reviewed 3 legal methods for disposing bovine carcasses, which are burial, incineration, and rendering. We also described the overall process, advantages and disadvantages, and required costs for each method. About 75% of bovine brucellosis outbreak farms had less than 3 reactors, and in our study, rendering required the least amount of cost for farms with a small number of reactors (1-3 heads). Our findings suggest that the use of rendering should be encouraged for farms with bovine brucellosis and other methods considered only if rendering is inappropriate.

• 지질공학
• /
• 제25권1호
• /
• pp.45-55
• /
• 2015

가축매몰지로부터 확산되는 침출수를 양수하여 정화하기 위해서는 시추공의 적절한 위치 및 개수 선정이 필요하다. 침출수 분포에 대한 간단하고 광역적 조사에 효율적으로 알려진 전기비저항탐사를 활용하여 지하수 오염범위, 유동방향 및지질구조의 특성을 분석하였다. 경기도 이천시 가축매몰지 4개 Site의 전기비저항탐사 자료 해석결과, GL. - 8 m 이내에서 저비저항 이상대는 20~200 ohm-m로 나타났다. 침출수 정화를 위한 영향반경 및 양수량을 산출한 결과 Site 1부터 4 까지 각각 영향반경은 12.9 m, 13.7 m, 10.1 m, 18.0 m로 산출되었으며 양수량은 2,040 m³, 479.8 m³, 1,492.3 m³, 691.9 m³로 추정되었다. Site 1부터 4까지 시추공을 각각 5개, 2개, 4개, 2개를 설치한다면 모든 범위의 오염지하수 양수및 정화가 가능한 것으로 판단된다.

• 한국동물위생학회지
• /
• 제38권4호
• /
• pp.241-248
• /
• 2015

This study was aimed to investigate factors that affected the status of wearing personal protective equipment (PPE) for handling poultry carcasses with potential exposure to virulent avian infectious agents. A large outbreak of high pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) occurred in South Korea in 2014. Many public officers participated for euthanizing and handling livestock carcass. However, several safety issues with using PPE were revealed. Therefore, a questionnaire survey was conducted for 340 people who participated euthanasia and carcass disposal in the place where HPAI mainly occurred in 2014. It was found that 31.8% of the respondents had ever taken off their protective equipment during operations because of its inconvenience. The most inconvenient PPE was goggles (54.6%), followed by mask (20.2%), latex gloves (11.6%), shoe covers (5.9%) and protective clothing (5.3%). The main complaints about this individual PPE was unclear sight, damp emitted toward eye, sweating, tearing easily and sweating, respectively. Considering such problems of PPE, new possible directions for improvement of gloves and goggles were suggested. With newly developed rubber coating fabric gloves and conventionally using latex and fabric gloves, H3N2 influenza virus transmission experiment was conducted. Rubber coating fabric gloves showed similar efficiency for blocking virus transmission with latex laboratory gloves and were not easily torn by sharp claws of chicken. In addition, air flow control safety eyewear was suggested to minimize moisture formation. The air flow control system efficiently suppressed moisture formation inside the goggles. Therefore our study will provide more specific directions about new PPE development for safety protection of actual wearers.

• 한국환경농학회지
• /
• 제32권4호
• /
• pp.348-354
• /
• 2013

가축사체 액상부산물을 이용하여 액비의 최적조건(미생물, pH, 미생물 주입량)을 조사하였고, 이들 최적 조건하에서 112일간 부숙하여 액비의 품질을 평가하였다. 가축사체 액상부산물 액비 부숙시 최적 LP 미생물의 주입량은 0.5 mL/100 mL이었으며, pH는 7 조건에서 각각 50점으로 완숙판정을 받았다. 최적조건하에서 112일 동안 부숙시킨 액비의 부숙도는 부숙 후 28일에 50점을 받아 완숙판정을 받았으며, 부숙기간이 길어짐에 따라 부숙 56일에는 온도가 $60^{\circ}C$를 넘어 최고점인 55점을 받았고, 이후 온도가 조금씩 낮아져 부숙 후 112일에는 실온조건에 이르렀다. 완숙된 가축사체 액상부산물 액비의 품질을 평가해본 결과, 최적조건하에서 부숙시킨 액비의 경우에는 T-N, $P_2O_5$ 및 $K_2O$의 함량이 28일에 가장 높았으며, 시간이 경과함에 따라 약간 감소하는 경향이었다. 또한, 유해성분(As, Cd, Cu, Cr, Hg, Ni, Pb 및 Zn)의 함량은 28일, 56일 및 112일 부숙시킨 액비에서 모두 비료공정규격 기준치에 적합하였다. 이상의 결과를 미루어 볼 때 가축사체 액상부산물을 농업적 재활용을 위한 액비화 조건은 pH 7조건에서 LP 미생물을 0.5 mL/100 mL 주입한 경우이다. 하지만 본 연구에서 비교된 가축분뇨 발효액은 공시재료(가축사체)가 상이하여 향후 가축사체를 이용한 액비의 부숙도 기준이 개선되어야 할 것으로 판단된다.

• 상하수도학회지
• /
• 제32권3호
• /
• pp.269-277
• /
• 2018

Burials for the rapid disposal of carcasses have diverse and profound effects on the rural living condition, natural environment, and local economy throughout construction, management and final destruction of burials. In this study, possible residue excavated from standard burials, storage using FRP (Fiberglass Reinforced Plastic) tanks, and microbial-treated burials are characterized as carcasses, contaminated soil by leachate, and wasted plastic film. Treatment technologies for volume reduction of the residue including composting, rendering, and thermal hydrolysis were investigated. If the solid and liquid residues generated during volume reduction treatment are directly transferred to the environmental facilities, it may cause disorder due to high concentrations of organics, antibiotics, and lipid. Benefits and drawbacks of composting as a volume reduction techniques are extensively investigated. We also discussed that proper treatment of excavated soils and the reusing the treated soil as agricultural purpose. For the protection of public health and worker's hygiene, treatment criteria including produced residue qualities, and quality standards for the treated soil as agricultural use are required. In addition, Scientific manual for the proper treatment of residues is required. It is necessary to consider the establishment of a pretreatment facility to the occurrence of large-scale residue treatment.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• 제31권7호
• /
• pp.933-950
• /
• 2018

In Japan, Wagyu cattle include four Japanese breeds; Black, Brown, Shorthorn, and Polled. Today, the renowned brand name Wagyu includes not only cattle produced in Japan, but also cattle produced in countries such as Australia and the United States. In recent years, the intramuscular fat percentage in beef (longissimus muscle) from Japanese Black cattle has increased to be greater than 30%. The Japanese Black breed is genetically predisposed to producing carcass lipids containing higher concentrations of monounsaturated fatty acids than other breeds. However, there are numerous problems with the management of this breed including high production costs, disposal of untreated excrement, the requirement for imported feed, and food security risks resulting from various viral diseases introduced by imported feed. The feeding system needs to shift to one that is more efficient, and improves management for farmers, food security for consumers, and the health environment for residents of Japan. Currently, we are developing a metabolic programming and an information and communications technology (ICT, or Interne of Things) management system for Wagyu beef production as future systems. If successful, we will produce safe, high-quality Wagyu beef using domestic pasture resources while solving the problems of how to utilize increasing areas of abandoned agricultural land and to make use of the plant-based feed resources in Japan's mountainous areas.

• 한국축산시설환경학회지
• /
• 제16권2호
• /
• pp.153-160
• /
• 2010

전염병발생 감염가금 매몰처리방법은 침출수 및 악취발생 등 환경오염의 원인이 되고 있어 폐사가금의 처리문제가 중요한 현안으로 대두하고 있다. 본 연구에서는 친환경 처리방법으로 감염가금 처리형태와 계분, 톱밥 등을 혼합한 퇴비화방법이 분해특성 및 발효 소독에 미치는 영향을 분석하였다. 연구결과, 소형 포트시험에서 가금 통처리에 비해 가금을 절단살균 처리한 경우 분해가 잘 되고 악취발생도 상대적으로 적게 나타났으며, 여기에 고온성 미생물을 처리한 경우 조기에 온도는 상승되었으나, 발효포트 규모가 소형으로 온도상승 및 온도지속기간이 길지 않았다. 그러나 절단살균한 가금처리량을 증대하여 중층처리법에 의한 발효시험결과 1일 만에 $54^{\circ}C$까지 온도가 상승되고 이후 4주간 $55^{\circ}C$ 이상 유지되었고, 분해도 잘 되었으며 악취발생도 하우스 외측에서는 경미하게 느끼는 정도인 것으로 나타났다. 또한 발효소독 효과를 알아보기 위하여 AI, ND를 분변에 접종하여 $56^{\circ}C$ 조건에서 바이러스의 증식여부를 조사한 결과 AI virus의 경우 60분 처리, ND의 경우 30훈 처리 이후 생존이 인정되지 않았다. 따라서 전염병 발생지역에서 가금류를 현지 살균한 후 사육장내의 분변, 톱밥 등을 혼합하여 퇴비화한다면 환경오염을 줄이고 발효소독 효과도 높일 수 있을 것으로 예상되어 금후 관련분야에서 퇴비이용 작물재배 적응성, 안전성 등 관련연구가 필요할 것으로 판단된다.