• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Building Construction Conference
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• 2016.05a
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• pp.259-260
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• 2016

Recently, world-wide focusing on the interest for the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions associated with climate change and global warming, South Korea also has set up a national greenhouse gas reduction target and action plans seeking to achieve them. In particular, in the construction area, to encourage green building certification of the building and carbon labeling acquisition of building products, in order to reduce the environmental impact caused by the industrial activities have been in steady efforts. Therefore, this study estimates the life cycle carbon footprint of building construction materials applied to carbon emissions reduction technology and analyzes the results. Through the CO₂ emissions analysis in construction phase and maintenance phase of the building, it provides basic resource for future research expansion and establishes a step-by-step whole life cycle carbon emissions reduction plan in new construction and existing buildings.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.65 no.2
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• pp.427-440
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• 2023

The current study evaluated carbon dioxide (CO₂) emissions from beef and pork production and distribution chains in the South Korean meat industry. Data from industrial example farms and slaughterhouses were assessed on the basis of both the guidelines from the United Kingdom's Publicly Available Specification (PAS) 2050:2011 and the Korea Environmental Industry & Technology Institute carbon footprint calculation. The main factors for our estimations were animal feeds, manure waste, transportation, energy and water, refrigerants, and package data. Our analyses show that 16.55 kg CO₂ equivalent (eq) was emitted during the production of 1 kg of live cattle. When retail yields and packing processes were considered, the CO₂-eq of 1 kg of packaged Hanwoo beef was 27.86 kg. As for pigs, emissions from 1 kg of live pigs and packaged pork meat were 2.62 and 12.75 kg CO₂-eq, respectively. While we gathered data from only two farms and slaughterhouses and our findings can therefore not be extrapolated to all meats produced in the South Korean meat industry, they indicate that manure waste is the greatest factor affecting ultimate CO₂ emissions of packaged meats.

• Proceedings of the KSR Conference
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• 2011.10a
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• pp.2961-2964
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• 2011

Greenhouse gas and energy reduction goal management system is announced to reduce national CO2 emission in 2011. The target business sector of the system has to follow the procedure of the system and get the assessment. The percentage of the national CO2 reduction goad is 30 % compared to the amounts of BAU. In railway business sector, 6 bodies are included in this system so that railway industry cannot stay and sustain its better position any more than other transportation industry. Most of the industry except Railway industry is struggling to develop its product more environmentally friendly and get the 3rd party certification like Eco-labelling and Carbon footprint. To get environmental certification, LCA method has to be applied because life cycle approach is needed to respond current environmental requirement. The purpose of this project is to facilitate railway vehicle manufacturer obtaining the environmental certification termed Korea EPD. By doing so, the environmental performance evaluation tool would be developed and modelled within the LCA framework and therefore applied especially for rail vehicle.

• KCID journal
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.17-31
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• 2014

Excessive emission of greenhouse gases from fossil fuels usage has become a major cause of climate change. As an alternative to reduce the greenhouse gas emission, renewable energy has been highlighted around the world and UK government also established the Climate Change Act 2008 and policies for response the climate change. Those of them has been supporting many practical actions for reducing greenhouse gas emission and community energy projects is representative program to supporting security of energy supply and helping the country to reduce its carbon footprint. Rural Community Energy Fund (RCEF) which is one of community energy projects supports rural communities to develop renewable energy projects which provide economic and social benefits to the community. The review of UK's renewable energy policies and action plan can be useful to promote in Korea policies for becoming low-carbon society.

• International Journal of High-Rise Buildings
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.261-271
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• 2020

The 2020 National Building Code of Canada (NBC) and the 2021 International Building Code (IBC) both include Tall Wood Buildings (TWB) and are hailed as documents responsible for the proliferation of Mass Timber construction. Mass Timber construction is critical to reducing the carbon footprint of the construction industry; a sector acknowledged as being one of the greatest contributors of global annual CO₂ emissions. Origine, a 13-storey multi-residential building erected in 2017 in a previously unsuitable site, is currently the tallest all-wood building in North America. This article describes the challenges overcome by the designers and client as they engaged with code officials, building authorities, and fire-service representatives to demonstrate the life-safety performance of this innovative building. It also traces the development of the "Guide for Mass Timber Buildings of up to 12 Storeys" published in Quebec and how it has enabled other significant Tall Wood projects across North America.

• Journal of Korean Society for Quality Management
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• v.52 no.2
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• pp.201-220
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• 2024

Purpose: Smart farming is related to the low carbon certification system as it provides many opportunities to cultivate and manage crops in an eco-friendly, thereby reducing carbon footprint. However, there is a significant lack of consumer perception research on low carbon labels for smart farms vegetables. Therefore, this study aims to investigate consumer perceptions of smart farm vegetable and low carbon labels. Methods: This study manipulated cultivation type(general vs. smart farm) and low carbon labels (yes vs. no) as experimental stimuli. Measurement questions and the research model were validated through confirmatory factor analysis and reliability analysis. Hypotheses testing were conducted using SPSS 29.0, AMOS 28.0. Results: The results of the study showed no significant difference in consumers perceived naturalness based on cultivation types, and there was also no moderating effect of the low carbon label. There was no difference between environmental benefits and health benefits according to the cultivation type. Perceived naturalness had a significant effect on both environmental and health benefits, and environmental benefits showed a higher impact relationship. These benefits positively affected attitudes and willingness to pay a premium, Environmental benefits had a higher impact on attitudes, while health benefits had a higher impact on willingness to pay a premium. Lastly, attitudes were found to have a significant impact on the willingness to pay a premium. Conclusion: This study is valuable in that it investigated consumer perceptions of smart farms and low carbon labels that have not been previously studied. It compares the environmental and health benefits, confirming their influence on attitudes and willingness to pay a premium. The results suggest a potential expansion in academic research on smart farming and low carbon labels, offering practical insights for marketing strategies and policies for relevant companies.

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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• v.55 no.10
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• pp.785-799
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• 2022

The aim of this study was to characterize the emission pathways and the footprint of greenhouse gases (GHG) in Daecheong Reservoir using the G-res Tool, and to evaluate the GHG emission intensity (EI) compared to other energy sources. In addition, the change in GHG emissions was assessed in response to the total phosphorus (TP) concentration. The GHG flux in post-impoundment was found to be 262 gCO₂eq/m²/yr, of which CO₂ and CH₄ were 45.7% and 54.2%, respectively. Diffusion of CO₂ contributed the most, followed by diffusion, degassing, and bubbling of CH₄. The net GHG flux increased to 510 gCO₂eq/m²/yr because the forest (as CO₂ sink) was lost after dam construction. The EI of Daecheong Reservoir was 86.8 gCO₂eq/kWh, which is 3.7 times higher than the global EI of hydroelectric power, due to its low power density. However, it was remarkable to highlight the value to be 9.5 times less than that of coal, a fossil fuel. We also found that a decrease in TP concentration in the reservoir leads to a decrease in GHG emissions. The results can be used to improve understanding of the GHG emission characteristics and to reduce uncertainty of the national GHG inventory of dam reservoirs.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.55 no.4
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• pp.1244-1249
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• 2023

Recently, the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA) announced the development of first-of-a-kind(FOAK) and most advanced futuristic vertical city and named as 'The LINE'. The project will have zero carbon dioxide emissions and will be powered by clean energy sources. Therefore, a study was designed to understand which clean energy sources might be a better choice. Because of its nearly carbon-free footprint, nuclear energy may be a good choice. Nowadays, the development of very small modular reactors (vSMRs) is gaining attention due to many salient features such as cost efficiency and zero carbon emissions. These reactors are one step down to actual small modular reactors (SMRs) in terms of power and size. SMRs typically have a power range of 20 MWe to 300 MWe, while vSMRs have a power range of 1-20 MWe. Therefore, a study was conducted to discuss different vSMRs in terms of design, technology types, safety features, capabilities, potential, and economics. After conducting the comparative test and analysis, the fuel cycle modeling of optimal and suitable reactor was calculated. Furthermore, the levelized unit cost of electricity for each reactor was compared to determine the most suitable vSMR, which is then compared other generation SMRs to evaluate the cost variations per MWe in terms of size and operation. The main objective of the research was to identify the most cost effective and simple vSMR that can be easily installed and deployed.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• v.87 no.6
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• pp.585-599
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• 2023

Geopolymer concrete (GC) can be competently utilized as a practical replacement for cement to prevent a high carbon footprint and to give a direction toward sustainable concrete construction. Moreover, previous studies mostly focused on the axial response of glass fiber reinforced polymer (glass-FRP) concrete compressive elements without determining the effectiveness of repairing them after their partial damage. The goal of this study is to assess the structural effectiveness of partially damaged GC columns that have been restored using carbon fiber reinforced polymer (carbon-FRP). Bars made of glass-FRP and helix made of glass-FRP are used to reinforce these columns. For comparative study, six of the twelve circular specimens-each measuring 300 mm×1200 mm-are reinforced with steel bars, while the other four are axially strengthened using glass-FRP bars (referred to as GSG columns). The broken columns are repaired and strengthened using carbon-FRP sheets after the specimens have been subjected to concentric and eccentric compression until a 30% loss in axial strength is attained in the post-peak phase. The study investigates the effects of various variables on important response metrics like axial strength, axial deflection, load-deflection response, stiffness index, strength index, ductility index, and damage response. These variables include concentric and eccentric compression, helix pitch, steel bars, carbon-FRP wrapping, and glass-FRP bars. Both before and after the quick repair process, these metrics are evaluated. The results of the investigation show that the axial strengths of the reconstructed SSG and GSG columns are, respectively, 15.3% and 20.9% higher than those of their original counterparts. In addition, compared to their SSG counterparts, the repaired GSG samples exhibit an improvement in average ductility indices of 2.92% and a drop in average stiffness indices of 3.2%.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural and Forest Meteorology
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.15-27
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• 2005

The water and carbon cycles in terrestrial ecosystems are the essential database for better understanding of the causes and the current processes of climate change and for the prediction of its future change. CarboKorea and HydroKorea are dedicated research efforts to develop technologies to quantitatively interpret and forecast carbon/water cycles in typical landscapes of Korea. For this, stable isotope studies have been launched to genetically partition various components of carbon/water cycles in terrestrial ecosystems. From stable isotope studies, practical deliverables such as evaporation, transpiration and gross primary productivity (GPP) can be provided at scales from tower (footprint) to large watersheds. Such reliable field-based information will form an important database to be used for validation of the results from various eco-hydrological models and satellite image analysis which constitute main components of Carbo/HydroKorea project. Stable isotope studies, together with other relevant researches, will contribute to derive quantitative interpretation of carbon/water cycles in terrestrial ecosystems and support Carbo/HydroKorea to become a leading research infrastructure to answer pending scientific and socio-economic questions in relation to global changes.