• Advances in Energy Research
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.75-90
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• 2019

Anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions are rising rapidly despite efforts to curb release of such gases. One long term potential solution to offset these destructive emissions is the capture and storage of carbon dioxide. Partially depleted hydrocarbon reservoirs are attractive targets for permanent carbon dioxide disposal due to proven storage capacity and seal integrity, existing infrastructure. Optimum well completion design in depleted reservoirs requires understanding of prominent geomechanics issues with regard to rock-fluid interaction effects. Geomechanics plays a crucial role in the selection, design and operation of a storage facility and can improve the engineering performance, maintain safety and minimize environmental impact. In this paper, an integrated geomechanics workflow to evaluate reservoir caprock integrity is presented. This method integrates a reservoir simulation that typically computes variation in the reservoir pressure and temperature with geomechanical simulation which calculates variation in stresses. Coupling between these simulation modules is performed iteratively which in each simulation cycle, time dependent reservoir pressure and temperature obtained from three dimensional compositional reservoir models in ECLIPSE were transferred into finite element reservoir geomechanical models in ABAQUS and new porosity and permeability are obtained using volumetric strains for the next analysis step. Finally, efficiency of this approach is demonstrated through a case study of oil production and subsequent carbon storage in an oil reservoir. The methodology and overall workflow presented in this paper are expected to assist engineers with geomechanical assessments for reservoir optimum production and gas injection design for both natural gas and carbon dioxide storage in depleted reservoirs.

• Tunnel and Underground Space
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• v.20 no.5
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• pp.309-317
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• 2010

CCS (Carbon dioxide Capture and Storage) is a means of mitigating the contribution of $CO_2$ to the Greenhouse gas, from large point sources such as power plants and steel companies. CCS is a process whereby $CO_2$ is captured from gases produced by fossil fuel combustion, compressed, transported and injected into deep geologic formations for permanent storage. CCS applied to a conventional power plant can reduce $CO_2$ emissions to the atmosphere by approximately 80~90% compared to a plant without CCS. The IPCC estimates that the economic potential of CCS will be between 10% and 55% of the total carbon mitigation effort by year 2100. In this paper, overseas sites where CCS technology is being applied and technical development trends for CCS are briefly reviewed.

• KEPCO Journal on Electric Power and Energy
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• v.2 no.4
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• pp.517-523
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• 2016

South Korea is the 8th biggest greenhouse gas emitter in the world due to its phenomenal economic growth based on manufacturing, and it is ranked first among OECD members for the rate of increase in emissions. Thus, the Korea government has voluntarily presented a reduction target and demonstrated global leadership. For the reduction of nation's GHG emission, importance of CCU(Carbon Capture and Utilization) along with CCS(Carbon Capture and Storage) technology development is increased. CCU technology is $CO_2$ utilization technology for the usage of $CO_2$ from flue gas and it can create a new economic value while reducing $CO_2$ emission. Therefore, with continued technology development, the number of application of CCU technology is increasing globally.

• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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• v.39 no.3
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• pp.149-154
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• 2017

We investigate the availability of $CO_2$ ocean storage by means of chemical conversion of $CO_2$ to the dissolved inorganic carbon (mainly the bicarbonate ion) in seawater. The accelerated weathering of limestone (AWL) technique, which is accelerating the natural $CO_2$ uptake process through the chemical conversion using limestone and seawater, was proposed as an alternative method for reducing energy-related $CO_2$ emission. The method presented in this paper is slightly different from the AWL method. It involves reacting $CO_2$ with seawater and quicklime obtained from alkaline wastes to produce the bicarbonate-rich solution over 100 times more than seawater, which could be released and diluted into the ocean. The released dense bicarbonate-enriched water mass could subside into the deeper layer because of the density flow, and could be sequestrated stably in the ocean.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• v.57 no.4
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• pp.539-546
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• 2019

Global warming has mentioned as one of the international problems and these researches have conducted. Carbon Capture, Utilization and Storage (CCUS) technology has improved due to increasing importance of reducing emission of carbon dioxide. Among of various CCUS technologies, mineral carbonation can converted $CO_2$ into high-cost materials with low energy. Existing researches has been used ions extracted solid wastes for mineral carbonation but the procedure is complicated. However, the procedure using seawater is simple because it contained high concentration of metal cation. This research is a basic study using seawater-based wastewater for mineral carbonation. 3 M Monoethanolamine (MEA) was used as $CO_2$ absorbent. Making various concentrations of seawater solution, simulated seawater powder was used. Precipitated metal carbonate salts were produced by mixing seawater solutions and $rich-CO_2$ absorbent solution. They were analyzed by X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), and Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA) and studied characteristic of producing precipitated metal carbonate and possibility of reusing absorbent.

• Cement Symposium
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• s.49
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• pp.23-24
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• 2022

Wollastonite is a promising sustainable cement mineral which directly reacts with carbon dioxide to form calcium carbonate and silica gel. Due to the carbon dioxide reaction, it can be undoubtly one of materials for carbon capture, utilization, and storage. In this study, feasibility study for synthesizing the wolloastonite crystal using sand and waste glass was performed instead of using reactive but expensive silica fume for silica source.

• KEPCO Journal on Electric Power and Energy
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.143-165
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• 2016

The amount of greenhouse gas emission reduction based on INDCs (Intended Nationally Determined Contributions) submitted to UN by each party is not sufficient to achieve the Paris Agreement's aim to "hold the increase in the global average temperature to well below $2^{\circ}C$ above pre-industrial levels and to pursue efforts to limit the temperature increase to $1.5^{\circ}C$" which was determined in the $21^{st}$ Conference of the Parties to the UNFCCC (COP 21). Accordingly, the emission reduction target of each party will be revised for the $2^{\circ}C$ goal. Among the several options to reduce the carbon emission, CCS (Carbon Capture and Storage) is a key option to curb $CO_2$ emissions from large emission sources such as fossil-based power plants, cement plants, and steel production plants. A large scale CCS demonstration projects utilizing $1^{st}$ generation $CO_2$ capture technologies are under way around the world. It is anticipated, however, that the deployment of those $1^{st}$ generation $CO_2$ capture technologies in great numbers without government support will be difficult due to the high capture cost and considerable increase of cost of electricity. To reduce the carbon capture cost, $2^{nd}$ and $3^{rd}$ generation technologies are under development in a pilot or a bench scale. In this paper, current status of large scale CCS demonstration projects and the $2^{nd}$ and $3^{rd}$ generation capture technologies are summarized. Novel capture technologies on wet scrubbing, dry sorbent, and oxygen combustion are explained in detail for all capture areas: post-combustion capture, pre-combustion capture, and new combustion technologies.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• v.50 no.6
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• pp.988-993
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• 2012

Energy and cost analysis of the preprocessing for carbon capture and storage transportation such as supercritical compression and liquefaction is done using chemical simulation model. Direct compression to supercritical phase (process 1-1), liquefaction and pumping (process 1-2), carbon dioxide compression and expansion as a refrigerant itself (process 2), usage of other refrigerant with compression and expansion (process 3-1), with absorption chiller (process 3-2), cascade refrigeration (process 3-2) have been simulated and evaluated. The specific cost is about 4 to 7 $/ton.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Marine Environment & Energy
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.307-319
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• 2009

Carbon dioxide capture and storage (CCS) technology has been regarded as one of the most possible and practical option to reduce the emission of carbon dioxide ($CO_2$) and consequently to mitigate the climate change. Korean government also have started a 10-year R&D project on $CO_2$ storage in sea-bed geological structure including gas field and deep saline aquifer since 2005. Various relevant researches are carried out to cover the initial survey of suitable geological structure storage site, monitoring of the stored $CO_2$ behavior, basic design of $CO_2$ transport and storage process and the risk assessment and management related to $CO_2$ leakage from engineered and geological processes. Leakage of $CO_2$ to the marine environment can change the chemistry of seawater including the pH and carbonate composition and also influence adversely on the diverse living organisms in ecosystems. Recently, IMO (International Maritime Organization) have developed the risk assessment and management framework for the $CO_2$ sequestration in sub-seabed geological structures (CS-SSGS) and considered the sequestration as a waste management option to mitigate greenhouse gas emissions. This framework for CS-SSGS aims to provide generic guidance to the Contracting Parties to the London Convention and Protocol, in order to characterize the risks to the marine environment from CS-SSGS on a site-specific basis and also to collect the necessary information to develop a management strategy to address uncertainties and any residual risks. The environmental risk assessment (ERA) plan for $CO_2$ storage work should include site selection and characterization, exposure assessment with probable leak scenario, risk assessment from direct and in-direct impact to the living organisms and risk management strategy. Domestic trial of the $CO_2$ capture and sequestration in to the marine geologic formation also should be accomplished through risk management with specified ERA approaches based on the IMO framework. The risk assessment procedure for $CO_2$ marine storage should contain the following components; 1) prediction of leakage probabilities with the reliable leakage scenarios from both engineered and geological part, 2) understanding on physio-chemical fate of $CO_2$ in marine environment especially for the candidate sites, 3) exposure assessment methods for various receptors in marine environments, 4) database production on the toxic effect of $CO_2$ to the ecologically and economically important species, and finally 5) development of surveillance procedures on the environmental changes with adequate monitoring techniques.

• Economic and Environmental Geology
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• v.50 no.5
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• pp.389-400
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• 2017

In December 2015, 195 nations agreed to cut green house gas emissions in the Paris Climate Convention, and all over the world showed their willingness to participate in greenhouse gas mitigation. Accordingly, various technologies related to greenhouse gas reduction are being considered, among which carbon dioxide capture, storage, utilization (CCUS) technologies are attracting attention as an unique technology capable of directly removing greenhouse gases. However, CCUS technologies are still costly and have low efficiency. It is still more important to analyze the level of CCUS technology before commercialization and to understand trends and to predict future direction of technology. Therefore, this study analyzes the patent trends of CCUS technology and derives implications for future directions. As a result of country analysis, the United States had the highest number of applications, and sectoral analysis shows that 64% of total patents are from capture sector. Companies such as Alstom technology, Toshiba Corp, and Mitsubishi Heavy are focusing on capturing carbon dioxide. In Korea, government research institutes have focused on storage and utilization technologies. In addition, since the late 2000s, patent applications have increased rapidly, and many countries have been interested in the development of the technology and have made efforts to reduce greenhouse gas.