• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.403-409
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• 2005

Methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE) contamination in groundwater often coexists with benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylene (BTEX) near the source of the plume. Then, groundwater contamination problems have been developed in areas where the chemical is used. Common sources of water contamination by BTEX and MTBE include leaking underground gasoline storage tanks and leaks and spills from above ground fuel storage tanks, etc. In oil-contaminated environments, anaerobic biodegradation of BTEX and MTBE depended on the concentration and distribution of terminal electron acceptor. In this study, effect of electron acceptor on the anaerobic biodegradation for BTEX and MTBE-contaminated soil was investigated. This study showed the anaerobic biodegradation of BTEX and MTBE in two different soils by using nitrate reduction, ferric iron reduction and sulfate reduction. The soil samples from the two fields were enriched for 65 days by providing BTEX and MTBE as a sole carbon source and nitrate, sulfate or iron as a terminal electron acceptor. This study clearly shows that degradation rate of BTEX and MTBE with electron acceptors is higher than that without electron acceptors. Degradation rate of Ethylbenzene and Xylene is higher than that of Benxene, Toluene, and MTBE. In case of Benzene, Ethylbenzene, and MTBE, nitrate has more activation. In case of Toluene and Xylene, sulfate has more activation.

• 환경영향평가
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.107-116
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• 2010

In this research potential liquation of contaminants from surrounding soil to a reservoir in an island was studied to investigate the cause and route of contamination of Baengyeong-myeon reservoir. Soil of Baengyeong-myeon reservoir consists of $SiO_2$ and has a high iron content because of geological characteristics of its country rock. From the field investigation and simulation study it was found that highly accumulated carbon content in the reservoir sediment was incurred from ground water, which provides a good habitat for microbes. And the liquation, the cause of organics growth, occurs mainly on the bottom of the reservoir consisting marine clay layer once used as farmland. So dredging of the sediment of reservoir and replacing with valley soil is suggested to prevent continuous contamination of a reservoir in an island due to COD production.

• 한국지하수토양환경학회지:지하수토양환경
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.17-23
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• 2019

Clean soil environment is of crucial importance to sustain lives of ecosystem and humans. With rapid industrialization, there has been a great increase of soil contamination by accidental releases of petroleum products. In general, soil remediation is an expensive and time-consuming process as compared to cleanup of water and air. Moreover, determining the source and responsible parties of soil pollution often turns into legal conflicts and that further delay the cleanup process of contaminated sites. In practice, total petroleum hydrocarbon (TPH) analysis has been employed to determine the petroleum species and to track down the responsible polluters. However, this approach often suffers from differentiating similar TPH species. In this study, we analyzed TPH chromatogram patterns of 24 domestic petroleum products in specific carbon ranges (${\sim}C_{10}$, $C_{10}-C_{12}$, $C_{12}-C_{36}$, and $C_{36}{\sim}$) and the fractional changes of THP ratio in the mixture products of gasoline, kerosene and diesel. The proposed TPH analysis method in this study could serve as a useful tool to better analyze the petroleum species in soils contaminated with complex oil mixtures, and ultimately be used to identify the polluters of soil.

• 벤처혁신연구
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.91-106
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• 2022

비트코인의 가격 급등으로부터 부각된 암호화폐는 기존 화폐와 달리 탈중앙화 되어 있어 스태그플레이션 해소 수단으로 각광받고 있다. 특히 4차 산업혁명시대에 접어들면서 블록체인 및 사물인터넷을 이용한 기술들이 다방면에서 활용되고 있으며 그 파급력 또한 광범위하다. 그럼에도 불구하고 테슬라 대표 일론 머스크의 발언처럼 암호화폐의 환경오염 문제 지적은 지속되어 왔으며, 그 중 대표적인 것이 화석연료 사용에 따른 채굴시의 막대한 전기 사용량이다. 또한 기존 채굴방식이 지속될 경우 발생하는 이산화탄소 발생량은 지구 기후 변화의 주원인인 온난화 현상의 가속화를 초래한다. 한편 암호화폐의 채굴에 따른 환경오염과의 연관성을 종합적으로 고찰한 연구는 제한적으로 수행되었다. 본 연구에서는 암호화폐의 생태계 다변화에 따라 환경오염의 문제를 구체적으로 살펴보고자 하였다. 기존 선행문헌을 최신 자료 위주로 조사한 결과 암호화폐의 채굴은 전기사용량 및 전자폐기물 증가에 따라 탄소 중립과는 상반된 환경오염에 영향을 미치고 있었다. 또한 채굴과정이 필요없는 POS 방식이 등장하였지만 탈중앙화가 무너지는 단점이 대두되어 각종 친환경 암호화폐가 등장하는 전환점을 맞이하게 되었다. 끝으로 신재생 에너지를 이용한 암호화폐의 등장은 에너지 저장장치의 이용 극대화, 그리고 국제적 협약이 탄생하는 계기로 작용하게 되었다. 이와 같은 결과를 기초로 향후의 암호화폐는 통화의 가치 뿐만 아니라 환경친화적인 접근이 병행되지 않고서는 퇴보하게 될 것이라는 점을 명확히 언급하고자 한다.

• 청정기술
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.157-165
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• 2018

본 연구에서는 초임계 이산화탄소와 공용매 첨가물을 이용하여 실리콘 웨이퍼 표면의 $Si_3N_4$ 파티클을 제거하는 기술을 조사하였다. 우선, 몇 가지 계면활성제와 첨가제에 관한 초임계 이산화탄소 용해도 및 파티클 분산성 평가를 통하여 초임계 공정에 대한 적합성을 확인하였다. 다양한 변수를 조정하여 파티클 세정 실험을 진행하여 최적의 제거 조건을 확립하였다. 실험에 사용된 계면활성제는 파티클 제거 효과가 떨어졌으며, 실험 후 이차 오염물이 형성됨을 확인하였다. 반면 trimethyl phosphate는 IPA공용매와 미량의 HF와 혼합된 세정 첨가제로서 초임계 이산화탄소에 5 wt%로 포함한 유체로 온도 $50^{\circ}C$, 압력 2000 psi에서 $15mL\;min^{-1}$의 유속으로 4분 간 세정한 결과, 85%의 파티클 제거 효율을 나타내었다.

• 한국식품저장유통학회지
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• 제15권4호
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• pp.550-555
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• 2008

본 연구에서는 국내 산지별 가공용 사과의 patulin 오염 모니터링을 위하여 24개 지역 102건의 시료를 수거하여 분석하였다. 그 결과 전체 102건의 시료 중 47건에서 patulin이 검출되었다. Patulin 잔류량 감소방안으로 ascorbic acid 200 ppm으로 처리하였을 때 12.89 ppb로 93.4%가 감소하였으며, 활성탄은 100 ppm 첨가하였을 때 patulin 잔류량은 2.68 ppb로 95.8%의 감소율을 나타내었다. Pectinase 처리에 따른 차이는 없었으며, 설정된 살균조건(90, 105, 120, 135 및 $150^{\circ}C$/25 sec)에서는 온도의 영향은 크게 나타나지 않았다. 사과주스에 ascorbic acid 및 활성탄 처리는 patulin 잔류량 감소 효과는 있었으나 향후 체계적 연구가 요망되었다.

• 상하수도학회지
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• 제34권2호
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• pp.93-104
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• 2020

As water resources are limited and legal regulations are strengthened, there is a growing need to reuse residuals in WTP(Water Treatment Plant). In this study, membrane filtration system was constructed and its operation method was studied for water quality stabilization and reuse of WTP residuals. The operation parameters were stable for 1 year and 6 months. Membrane fouling was identified as particulate pollution (activated carbon) and inorganic pollution (manganese). The membrane system was operated steadily with raw water of high concentration SS(Suspended solid) containing activated carbon because membrane fouling was reduced by the effect of End-Free type. In the case of inorganic contamination, dissolved manganese eluted by chemicals and acted as a membrane fouling source, and the operating conditions for minimizing membrane fouling. were confirmed by newly developing application methods and types of cleaning chemicals. Based on the results, design parameters for reducing manganese membrane fouling were derived.

• 반도체디스플레이기술학회지
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• 제12권4호
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• pp.45-48
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• 2013

The electronic device, such as flat panel display (FPD), is very important in our life as a means of communication between humans. Liquid crystal display (LCD), which is categorized as a flat panel display, has been used in many display products, especially in TV industry. An LED TV is composed of several electrical components, such as liquid critical module (LCM), analog to digital convertor (AD), power supplier, and inverter board. These modules are very vulnerable to particulate contamination, and causing malfunction or visibility degradation. In this study, we developed a test method for prediction of LCM's lifetime. The test system consists of carbon particle generation flame, dilution system, test chamber, and particle concentration monitoring instrument. Since the carbon particles are the most abundant in the atmosphere and easily absorb light, soot particles are used as a challenging material for this test. The concentration of generated soot particles is set around 4,000,000 #/cc, which is 400 times higher than that of usual atmospheric particles. Through this experiment, we deduced the relationship between the dust concentration and life time of the test specimen.

• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제21권6호
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• pp.630-636
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• 2005

Groundwater contamination by nitrate exceeding water quality criteria (10 mg $NO_3{^-}-N/L$) occurs frequently. Fumarate, acetate, formate, lactate, propionate, ethanol, methane and hydrogen gas were evaluated for their nitrate removal efficiencies and removal rates for in situ bioremediation of nitrate contaminated groundwater. Denitrification rate for each substrate was in the order of: fumarate > hydrogen > formate/lactate > ethanol > propionate > methanol > acetate. Microcosm studies were performed with fumarate and acetate. When fumarate was used as a substrate, nitrate was removed 100 percent with rate of 0.66 mmol/day while conversion rate from nitrate to nitrogen gas or another by-product was 87 percent. 42 mg of fumarate was needed to remove 30 mg $NO_3{^-}-N/L$. When using acetate as carbon source, 31 percent of nitrate was removed during initial adjustment period. Among removed fraction, however, 83 percent of nitrate removed by cell growth. Overall nitrate removal rate was 0.37 mmol/day. Acetate showed longer lag time in consumption compared to that of nitrate, which implying that acetate would be better carbon source compared to fumarate as more amount was utilized for nitrate removal than cell growth.

• Tribology and Lubricants
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• 제15권4호
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• pp.335-342
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• 1999

Corrosion of the disk has been an ongoing concern for the manufacturers of hard disk drives. With the advent of magnetoresistive (MR) head, very low levels of corrosion and contamination become more critical since the raised defects and corrosion products on the disk surface-anything that heats the MR sensor due to the contact-can distort the output signal of the head. This phenomenon is called as thermal asperity. In this paper, the effect of corrosion as a form of Co migration on the occurrence of thermal asperity in MR drives was investigated. The corrosion test at high temperature (60$^{\circ}C$) and high relative humidity (80%) was emphasized in this study and the testing results at ambient condition were compared. The corrosion on the disks was characterized as the amount of Co ion migration using an ion chromatography (IC) and a time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectroscopy (TOF-SIMS). It is proved that corrosion on the disk surface after storage testing is closely correlated to the amount of Co ions migration from the magnetic layer to disk surfaces and higher Co migration causes more thermal asperities in the drive. In order to reduce Co migration, several methods such as burnishing process and structure of the carbon overcoat were investigated. It is found that the hydrogenated carbon overcoat shows the least Co migration among different types of overcoat layer. However, the most effective way to reduce Co migration is the application of Cr layer between the overcoat and the magnetic alloy layer.