• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• v.5 no.3
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• pp.395-405
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• 1994

The various functional groups, such as hydroxyl(-OH), carboxyl(-COOH) and quinonic oxygen(OC<) on the carbon black(abbreviated to CB) surface were activated with n-butyl lithium solution in n-hexane and then acrylate and methacrylate monomers were graft polymerized onto these activated anionic sites and CB-grafted polymers were obtained. To separate homopolymers from reaction mixture, non-solvent precipitation method or centrifugal separating method were applied. Subsequently, conversion, grafting ratio and efficiency were determined at various reaction temperatures and times. In case of acrylates, the grafting ratio showed 20~30% but methacrylates showed 150~200%. Also the anion polymerizations between CB and monomers were nearly reached to equilibrium state within one or two hours under each reaction temperatures but conversion and grafting ratio were increased a little with reaction temperature increase. In colloidal dispersion stability test, before heat-drying, the all CB-grafted polymers showed good dispersed stability in good solvents for acrylic and methacrylic homopolymers. Futhermore, CB-polymethacrylates were found to show excellent collidal properties for good solvents of methacrylic homopolymer even after heat-drying. Identification of the grafted polyacrylates and polymethacrylates onto the CB surface was performed by FT-IR spectroscopy. In addition, electric resistance values of CB-grafted polymers were measured by Four-probe method, and the increase of the grafting ratio showed the increase of the surface resistance.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.29 no.7
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• pp.1344-1348
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• 2008

A microbial fuel cell (MFC) has been regarded as noble clean energy technology that can directly convert biomass to electricity. However, its low power density is a main limitation to be used as a new energy source. To overcome this limitation, we focused on the anode improvement in a mediator-type MFC using P. vulgaris as a biocatalyst. Fuel cell performance increased when the anode was coated with carbon black or polypyrrole. The best performance was observed when polypyrrole/carbon black (Ppy/CB) composite material was coated on a carbon paper electrode. Our obtained value of 452 mW $m^{-2}$ is the highest value among the reported ones for the similar system. The effects of amount of Ppy/CB, mediator concentration, and amount of P. vulgaris have also been examined.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers A
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• v.37 no.12
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• pp.1465-1471
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• 2013

The electrical and mechanical properties of room temperature vulcanized (RTV) silicone rubber composites are investigated as functions of multi-walled carbon nanotube (CNT), carbon black (CB), and thinner content. The thinner is used to improve the CNT and CB dispersion in the matrix. The electrical and mechanical properties of the composite with CNT are improved when compared to the composite with CB at the same content. As the thinner content is 80 phr, the electric resistance of the composite decreases significantly with the CNT content and shows contact point saturation of CNT at 2.5 phr. As the thinner content increases, the dispersion of conductive particles improves; however, the critical CB content increases because of the reduction in the CB weight ratio. It is believed that an electrode that needs good flexibility and excellent electrical properties can be manufactured when the amount of CNT and CB are increased with the thinner content.

• Journal of the Microelectronics and Packaging Society
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.73-77
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• 2021

Flexible electrodes for wearable devices have been actively studied in not only achieving mechanical/electrical stability, but also providing various functionalities for extending its industrial application. In this study, a flexible carbon/PDMS composite is prepared by addition of carbon black (CB) as a conductive filler, and effect of CB with different contents on electrical properties of the composite was investigated for the application of flexible electrodes, temperature sensor and heater. With increase of CB contents, resistivity of the carbon/PDMS was increased, and excellent durability was observed, confirmed by repetitive stretching deformation test. Resistance increase of the carbon/PDMS with temperature reveals the property of positive temperature coefficient, which can be applied for temperature sensor. Also, joule heating on the carbon/PDMS was observed when electrical potential was applied, indicating the applicability of the carbon/PDMS for heater.

• 한국신재생에너지학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2010.06a
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• pp.133.1-133.1
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• 2010

In this work, carbon black(CBs)-embed multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWNTs) as conductive fillers for activated carbon(ACs)-based electrodes for supercapacitor were prepared by chemical reduction of oxidized MWNTs and CBs. The effect of CBs-MWNT composites on electrochemical performances of ACs-based electrodes were investigated as a function of CB-MWNT ratio. It was found that CBs-MWNTs composites were formed by the reduction reaction of the functional groups of oxidized MWNTs and CBs. It was resulted in the conjugation of CBs onto the MWNT having high surface area and aspect ratio, leading to the enhanced electrical properties of MWNTs. The electrochemical performances, such as current density, charge-discharge, and specific capacitance of the ACs/CBs-MWNT electrodes were higher than that of ACs/MWNTs and conventional ACs/CB electrodes, which was attributed to the synergistic effect of CBs-MWNTs as a conductive filler.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.463-471
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• 2018

In this study, analyzed of changes resulting from the spread of carbon black in casein grafted water dispersed polyurethane using PPG. For this purpose, casein-grafted water-dispersed polyurethane and (PUD and CPUD's) samples were prepared and samples of CPCB's dispersed with carbon black were prepared. As a result of measuring the tensile strength using prepared samples, the tensile strength was increased to $3.01kgf/mm^2$ with CPUD3, which contains highly casein, in CPCB's tensile strength was measured as low as $2.54kgf/mm^2$ with increasing carbon black. Elongation was measured in 278% of PUD samples containing less casein, and CP3CB4 in CPCB's was measured as 157%. The abrasion resistance of the samples was 36.97 mg.loss for CPUD3 and 41.11 mg.loss for CP3CB4. The solvent resistance of the PUD 's sample and the CPCB' s sample were not changed.

• Fibers and Polymers
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.32-36
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• 2000

An alternative strategy to .educe the percolation threshold of carbon black (CB) in polymer blends was investigated using random copolymer ternary blends of polystyrene (PS), poly(methyl methacrylate)(PMMA), and a styrene-methyl methacrylate random copolymer (SMMA). The target morphology was to selectively locate CB particles in the encapsulating layer of SMMA during melt mixing. The CB used in this study is BP-2000 from Cabot and has a strong selective affinity to PS. Even when the CB was premixed with SMMA, it moves to the PS phase during the melt mixing. However, we also observed the CB particles located at the interface between SMMA and PS phases. Through this study it is found that the interaction between polymers and CB particles is critical for selectively localizing CB particles in multi-component polymer blends. Although appropriate processing condition may retard the movement of CB particles to the polymer phase with affinity, it cannot prevent it completely and locate them to the SMMA phase, which is not thermodynamically favored. To locate CB particles in an encapsulating layer of ternary polymer blends, first of all, polymers forming it should have selective affinity to CB.

• Polymer(Korea)
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.80-85
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• 2007

Maleic anhydride (MA) modified ethylene-propylene-diene terpolymer (MEPDM) was pre-pared from solution polymerization. MEPDM-g-PST copolymer was prepared by melt polymerization of male ate d EPDM and quaternary ammonium silyl polydimethylsiloxane -7,7,8,8- tetracyanoquinodimethane (TCNQ) adduct (PST) in internal mixer and MEPDM-g-PST/HDPE/CB (MPEC) was prepared by com-pounding HDPE, MEPDM-g-PST copolymer and carbon black (CB, 5, 10, 15, and 20 phr), and HDPE/ CB (PEC) by compounding HDPE and CB (5, 10, 15, and 20 phr), respectively. The structure of MEPDM-g-PST copolymer was confirmed by measuring the FTIR. The maximum grafting ratio of MA onto EPDM was 2.35%. The thermal and mechanical properties of the composites were measured and dispersion characteristics of CB in matrix show that CB in MPEC was better dispersed than that in PEC composite.

• Elastomers and Composites
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.53-70
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• 1971

We have studied the blending effects of cis-1,4-polybutadiene (CBR) and styrene-tutadiene rubber at various blending ratios of 100 : 0, 70 30, 50 : 50, 30 : 70, 0 : 100, and of carbon black ISAF and HAP at various compounding ratios of 45 PHR, 55 PHR, 65 PHR, for tyre tread rubber. The results obtained are summerized as follows; 1. For tyre tread rubber, it was found to increased efficiency to use SBR polymer only than to use the blending ratio CB/SBR=30/70 below. But it was observed that the latter was adapted for the bus or truck tyre and the former for the passenger tyre. 2. Excellent efficiency was obtained in case of carbon black compounding ratio of 55%, and also the compounding of ISAF made better efficiency than that of HAF. 3. Carbon black was more efficient to SBR than to CB. 4. For the aging ratio, the compounding rubber of NR was the highest, and the ratio was decreased in order of the compounding rubber of oil-extended SBR or CB polymer only, the compounding rubber of non oil-extended SBR or CB polymer only, and the blending rubber.

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.117-123
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• 2021

In this study, the composite was prepared by mixing SiOx, soft carbon, and carbon black and the electrochemical properties of lithium ion battery were investigated. The content of SiOx added to improve the capacity of the soft carbon anode material was varied to 0, 6, 8, 10, 20 wt%, and carbon black was added as a structural stabilizer for reducing the volume expansion of SiOx. The physical properties of prepared CB/SiOx/C composite were investigated through XRD, SEM, EDS and powder resistance analysis. In addition, the electrochemical properties of prepared composite were observed through the charge/discharge capacity, rate and impedance analysis of the lithium ion battery. The prepared CB/SiOx/C composite had an inner cavity capable of mitigating the volume expansion of SiOx by adding carbon black. The formed internal cavity showed a low initial efficiency when the SiOx content was less than 8 wt%, and low cycle stability when the content of SiOx was less than 20 wt%. The CB/SiOx/C composite containing 10 wt% of SiOx showed an initial discharge capacity of 537 mAh/g, a capacity retention rate of 88%, and a rate of 79 at 2C/0.1C. SiOx was added to improve the capacity of the soft carbon anode material, and carbon black was added as a structural stabilizer to buffer the volume change of SiOx. In order to use the CB/SiOx/C composite as a high-efficiency anode material, the mechanism of the optimal SiOx and the use of carbon black as a structural stabilizer was discussed.