• The Journal of Korean Institute of Electromagnetic Engineering and Science
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• v.14 no.12
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• pp.1329-1334
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• 2003

We prepared EM wave absorbers by using recycled Ba ferrite far GHz frequency, and investigated the effects of carbon additions and preparation temperatures on their EM wave absorption properties. We clarified that it is very important to consider carbon amounts in Ba ferrite and preparation temperature for Ba ferrite EM wave absorbers with high quality.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society For Composite Materials Conference
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• 2004.04a
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• pp.63-66
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• 2004

In this study, a hybrid composite journal bearing composed of carbon fiber reinforced phenolic composite liner and metal backing was manufactured to solve the seizure problem of metallic journal bearing materials because the carbon fiber has self-lubricating ability and the phenolic resin has thermal resistance characteristics. To estimate the wear resistance of carbon fiber phenolic composite, wear tests were performed at several pressures and velocities. The oil absorption characteristics, coefficient of thermal expansion, strength and stiffness of the composite were also tested. Using the measured stiffness values, the thermal residual stresses in the composite were calculated to check the reliability of the composite journal bearing.

• Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
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• 2013.08a
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• pp.279-279
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• 2013

We report on the preparation of polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) coated multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWNTs) followed by their dispersion in various solvents. To disperse MWNTs without acids of surfactants, which are the commonly used methods, hydrophobic PDMS coating was selected. It was determined that the PDMS coated MWNTs are more dispersed in diverse solvents such as dimethyl formamide (DMF) and acetone than bare MWNTs. In case of DMF solvent, dispersion of MWNT was improved by 40 % upon PDMS-coating of MWNT, which was confirmed by UV/Vis absorption spectroscopy. In this work, the PDMS coated MWNTs dispersed solution was also used for the fabrication of film, which is conductive, transparent and superhydrophobic because of the reduced aggregation and increased water repellency of MWNTs.

• Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry
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• v.68
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• pp.79-86
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• 2018

Although the intrinsic characteristics of DNA molecules and carbon nanotubes (CNT) are well known, fabrication methods and physical characteristics of CNT-embedded DNA thin films are rarely investigated. We report the construction and characterization of carboxyl (-COOH) group-modified multi-walled carbon nanotube (MWCNT-COOH)-embedded DNA and cetyltrimethyl-ammonium chloride-modified DNA (DNA-CTMA) composite thin films. Here, we examine the structural, compositional, chemical, spectroscopic, and electrical characteristics of DNA and DNA-CTMA thin films consisting of various concentrations of MWCNT-COOH. The MWCNT-COOH-embedded DNA and DNA-CTMA composite thin films may offer a platform for developing novel optoelectronics, energy harvesting, and sensing applications in physical, chemical, and biological sciences.

• Journal of the Optical Society of Korea
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.56-60
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• 2011

We demonstrate passive mode-locking of a Cr:forsterite laser with a single-walled carbon nanotube saturable absorber mirror (SWCNT-SAM). Without compensation of intra-cavity dispersion, the self-mode-locked laser generates 11.7 ps pulses at a repetition rate of 86 MHz. The dispersion-compensated laser yields ultrashort pulses as short as 80 fs near $1.25\;{\mu}m$ at 78 MHz with average output powers up to 295 mW, representing the highest power ever reported for mode-locked solid-state lasers based on saturable absorption of SWCNTs in this spectral region.

• Journal of Multimedia Information System
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.155-164
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• 2019

We intended to confirm that microwave attenuation by tree leaves is strongly linked to water content in leaves. We sampled natural broadleaves, including Japanese cinnamon, and investigated their effects on the microwave (3 to 20 GHz) frequency characteristics using a network analyzer. Experiments determined that microwave attenuation by foliage increases as a linear function of frequency per unit weight (gram). As the frequency increases, the spatial resolution increases, but the phase difference (imaginary component) increases. So we solved the dispersion of phase difference by sweeping the frequency and taking the intermediate value. Based on these experimental results, we developed a microwave scanner on 10Ghz to describe foliage moisture as a image and to enable assessments of leaf condition. Photosynthesis is the process whereby plants synthesize oxygen and sugars from carbon dioxide and water, thereby converting light energy into chemical energy. Since water is a major parameter of photosynthesis, the quantity of water accumulated inside a leaf reflects leaf health. The equipment described here and related microwave technologies will help assess the capacity of leaves to absorb atmospheric carbon dioxide.

• Journal of Environmental Policy
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.21-48
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• 2011

The paper affirms the weight proportion concept as an element, which could be empirically analyzed quantitatively through the developmental expansion of qualitative empirical analysis on taxonomy that is required for the construction Low-Carbon Green Cities and their eco-friendly elements, such as a pleasant residential environment The weight proportion concept is proposed as a new measure to identify eco-friendly elements and as an objective assessment indicators. To perform an empirical analysis, surveys were first given to the residents of Metropolitan Newtown (50 persons) and outside experts (50 persons) for the total of 100 persons. Second, the paper surveyed 74 sites of Eco-Environmental Certified Apartment Housing Complexes. Upon analysis of eco-friendly elements by their type and total weight, the largest weight proportion was expressed in the interior and eco-environmental elements, carbon-decrease types, and carbon-absorption types. The results of this paper confirm recent positive sentiments and preference toward a variety of future-oriented and sustainable eco-friendly elements like the eco-housing and new renewable energy, In addition, the paper affirmed the new housing trend towards constructing eco-friendly elements, such as carbon-decrease and carbon-absorption, that induce long-term investments, despite their need for higher investments.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.32 no.6
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• pp.676-685
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• 2018

This study is to compare carbon budget between serpentine sites and non-serpentine sites dominated by Pinus densiflora forest in the Andong serpentine area where has high values of magnesium and low values of calcium, and are usually deficient in nitrogen and phosphorus, but rich in heavy metals such as nickel, chrome, cobalt, etc. and to measure soil $CO_2$ efflux and environmental factors between January 2017 and December 2017. Soil $CO_2$ efflux was measured with LI-6400 once a month; the soil temperature at 10 cm depth, air temperature, soil moisture contents, and solar radiation were measured in continuum. Soil $CO_2$ efflux in the serpentine area and non-serpentine were $151.71{\pm}75.09g\;CO_2{\cdot}m^{-2}month^{-1}$(42.48 ~ 262.61 g $CO_2{\cdot}m^{-2}month^{-1}$) and $165.09{\pm}118.96g\;CO_2{\cdot}m^{-2}month^{-1}$(20.94 ~ 449.24 g $CO_2{\cdot}m^{-2}month^{-1}$), respectively. Carbon storage in the serpentine area and non-serpentine area were 91.90, $222.85ton{\cdot}ha^{-1}$, respectively. Carbon absorption in the serpentine area and non-serpentine area were 7.99, $17.41ton{\cdot}ha^{-1}yr^{-1}$, respectively. Carbon budget in the serpentine area and non-serpentine area were absorbs 5.3, $14.49ton{\cdot}Cha^{-1}yr^{-1}$, respectively.

• Carbon letters
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• v.22
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• pp.36-41
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• 2017

Biodegradable epoxy (B-epoxy) was prepared from diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A and epoxidized linseed oil. The mechanical properties of B-epoxy composites reinforced with multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs/B-epoxy) were examined by employing dynamic mechanical analysis, critical stress intensity factor ($K_{IC}$) tests, and impact strength tests. The electromagnetic interference shielding effectiveness (EMI-SE) of the composites was evaluated using reflection and absorption methods. Mechanical properties of MWCNTs/B-epoxy were enhanced with an increase in the MWCNT content, whereas they deteriorated when the MWCNT content was >5 parts per hundred resin (phr). This can likely be attributed to the entanglement of MWCNTs with each other in the B-epoxy due to the presence of an excess amount of MWCNTs. The highest EMI-SE obtained was ~16 dB for the MWCNTs/B-epoxy composites with a MWCNT content of 13 phr at 1.4 GHz. The composites (13 phr) exhibited the minimum EMI-SE (90%) when used as shielding materials at 1.4 GHz. The EMI-SE of the MWCNTs/B-epoxy also increased with an increase in the MWCNT content, which is a key factor affecting the EMI-SE.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.15 no.12
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• pp.1087-1091
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• 2006

This paper describes the current spatial patterns of the net primary productivity (NPP) of the terrestrial vegetation and carbon emission (C) in the world due to the burning of fossil fuels in order to clarify the amount of expansion of human activity. The C/NPP value varies spatially from almost zero to several tens of thousand times the local NPP. C/NPP is higher under the condition of extensive human activities due to a high human population density or when the local NPP is extremely low in severe climatic zones. In contrast, the low C/NPP areas are distributed mainly in sparsely populated districts, loading to a low impact of human activity. Although the area where C/NPP is less than 10% accounts for about 70% of the entire land area, one-third of these areas cannot contribute to carbon absorption because of low NPP with a shortage of climatic resources. Since more than half of the areas of the remaining areas are agricultural land and forest ecosystems with high NPP, the possible afforestation area was evaluated to be maximum of $30{\times}10^{6}\;km^{2}$; here only sequestrate carbons that correspond to 2% of the global total NPP are present. These analyses revealed that presently most of the areas where the NPP is high are those exclusively used by humans and that it is difficult for large-scale forest plantations to absorb a substantial amount of the carbon emitted annually by humans.